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Becoming a world power: The role of infrastructure alliances
Get PDFAbstract. Hegemony is a struggle for influence. The leadership of a country respect to the power of capital is deeply related to the characteristics of the political economy of the leading state and its alliances. The prevalence of the economic character of international alliances has set a scenario where a country's power in the global economy might be perceived regarding the geographic spread of its international operations. In this work, we affirm that Chinese NOCs are a fundamental tool of the PRC’s geoeconomic strategy, that China’s geoeconomic strategy have resulted in infrastructure alliances and that those alliances have changed the way we understand the PRC’s geoeconomic and geopolitical influence in the world.Keywords. China, Geoeconomics, Geopolitics, Infrastructure alliances, NOC’s.JEL. F21, F23, F50, N75.
Avner Offer & Gabriel Söderberg, The Nobel Factor: The Prize in Economics, Social Democracy, and The Market Turn
Get PDFAbstract. Avner Offer and Gabriel Söderberg have written a history of the Swedish National Bank’s Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel that considers its establishment, important administrative figures, and ideological change. The book frames the history of 20th century economic thought into liberal Swedish Social Democracy and neo-liberal economics.Keywords. Nobel factor, Nobel prize, Social democracy.JEL. B10, L66, Q18
Analysis of Asymmetries in the Tax-Spending Nexus in Burundi
Get PDFAbstract. This study examines the asymmetries in the tax-spending nexus for Burundi using a three-variable model. The study employs a threshold cointegration test with asymmetric adjustment advanced by Enders & Siklos (2001). The findings indicate that government spending, taxes and grants are cointegrated with asymmetric adjustment. Causality tests from the estimated asymmetric error correction model suggest that in the short run there is an independent relationship between government spending and taxes in Burundi. Pertaining to the impact of grants, the results show that grants encourage the government of Burundi to spend more, but, conversely, they also discourage tax revenue, which is known as the tax displacement hypothesis. The findings further show that only government spending responds to budgetary disequilibrium, and this occurs when the budget situation is worsening. This implies that in Burundi, to restore the equilibrium when the budget situation is worsening, the adjustment is made by reducing spending. A policy intuition arising from this study is that, to reduce budget deficits, Burundi should reduce its grant-dependence and improve its tax collection system as well as cut its spending in sectors where it is not productive and reallocate it to more productive sectors.Keywords. Burundi, Spending, Taxes, Grants, Threshold cointegration, Asymmetric ECM.JEL. C32, E32, H20, H50, H62
Access to Finance in Turkey
Get PDFAbstract. Access to finance is essential for a successful development and growth of the private sector. In the absence of finance, enterprises cannot develop, innovate, and compete with other firms in other countries which offer more favorable access to finance. This paper makes use of the Enterprise Survey conducted with a representative stratified random sample of 6,006 Turkish firms for the 2015 fiscal year to evaluate the access to finance conditions in the nation. Moreover, data from the Enterprise Surveys Database for a comparison group of countries and 2013 survey for Turkey are employed to put the current survey in perspective.Keywords. Business environment, Financial constraints, Access to finance, Turkey.JEL. G10, G30, O12
Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of institutions
Get PDFAbstract. In this paper, we examine the impact of FDI on economic growth condition on the role of quality of institutions. To address our objective, we use the fixed effect and GMM models for analysis. A sample of 36 countries from Sub Saharan Africa was used for period from 2001 to 2015. The empirical results show that FDI has a significant negative effect on economic growth. Institutional quality on the other hand has a positive influence on economic growth. Considering the interaction term between FDI and institutional quality, the empirical evidence show that institutional quality enhances the spillover effect from FDI and therefore do matter for economic growth. Using the GMM model the results confirm that good institutions are necessary for mediating the effects of FDI for economic growth. Keywords. FDI, Institutional quality, GMM, Economic growth.JEL. 043, C33, C36
Financial capital of Malawi and Mongolia during 2005-2014
Get PDFAbstract. Financial capital is among the most critical endowment of a nation. It is a driver of other sorts of capitals (e.g., human, technology, and so on), especially for developing countries. This study collected and analyzed important data for national financial capital through established indicators in two representative countries in Asia and Africa – Mongolia and Malawi. Through the analyses we observe comparable development of both countries’ national financial capital and witness the growth potential of them. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.Keywords. Financial capital, National competitiveness, Malawi, Mongolia.JEL. M10, M11, M14
Cybernetic Model of Voting Behavior
Get PDFAbstract. The purpose of this research paper is to review the theories on voting behavior. Apart from providing a brief review of the theories, the main contribution of this research paper lies in drawing a parallel between customer decision-making models of Marketing Management domain in the discipline of Business Administration and invoking the same as a separate theoretical viewpoint here with reference to the voters’ decision-making. Finally, the paper gives a model of voting behavior from a cybernetics model perspective wherein the role of social factors as well as personal factors is underlined as to how they influence the individual voter in response to the broader environmental factors like the national and international policy factors.Keywords. Voting behavior, Political parties, Cybernetics.JEL. D72, P20, C70
Change Pressure on Organizational Commitment and Identification: Knowledge and Decision-making Competencies in Government Units
Get PDFAbstract. Staffs in government units may encounter problems of pressure when facing dramatic organizational changes. In an interesting context of administrative merge of Kaohsiung city and county, we examined the influences of change pressure on post-merger organizational identification and commitment. We further developed and investigated the detailed relationships from competence perspective, which emphasizes the importance of knowledge processing and decision making capabilities. Results followed. First, the hypothesized negative impact of change pressure on organizational identification was not supported. Second, change pressure has a significant negative influence on commitment. Third, identification influences on commitment positively. Fourth, the positive moderation role of knowledge capability in the relationship between pressure and identification was not supported. Fifth, the positive moderation role of knowledge capability in the relationship between change pressure and commitment was supported. Sixth, the positive moderation role of decision-making capability in the relationship between pressure and identification was not supported. Seventh, the positive moderation role of decision-making capability in the relationship between pressure and commitment was supported.Keywords. Change pressure, Commitment, Identification, Knowledge competence, Decision-making competence, Government units.JEL. M10
International Balkan and Near Eastern Social Sciences Congress
Get PDFAbstract. International Balkan and Near Eastern Social Sciences Congress Series (IBANESS) Congress series are held in different Balkan countries with hosting Universities in Balkan countries. The organization committee includes respected scientists from all over the world. The main aim of the congress is to bring together scientists from Balkan countries in order to disseminate the knowledge and mutual understanding. IBANESS include four meetings in 2017, namely Edirne/Turkey, Russe/Bulgaria, Kırklareli/Turkey and Ohrid/Macedonia..Keywords. Balkan economies, Near Eastern economies, Social sciences.JEL. A10
Do Institutions and Social Capital matter in the Economic Development of Nigeria?
Get PDFAbstract. This paper addresses the impact of institutions and social capital on economic development of Nigeria. It advanced an argument that economic prosperity of a country is embedded in social organizations and transformations of her institutions built from social capital. The methodology adopted was quantitative and qualitative. The results present a declining negative impact of social capital and institutional variables on economic development; affirming the importance of social capital on institutional quality. Therefore, the way forward is taking a tougher stance against abuse of power and employ mechanism of social capital to reconcile conflict among social, political and economic interest groups.Keywords: Institutions, Social capital, Economic development.JEL. D70, H10, O10, O40