Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
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Could the ketogenic diet offer hope in management of neurological diseases?
Get PDFThe ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional model that includes high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate (less than 50 g). The “KD ratio” is used to determine the amount of macronutrients in the diet. In classical KD with the ratio of 3:1 or 4:1, 85–90% of the energy is provided from dietary fat. In addition to classical KD, the modified Atkins diet, low glycemic index therapy, and medium-chain triglyceride diet have also been used, and in some studies, ketosis has been achieved with exogenous ketone supplements. KD has long been recognized as a successful dietary approach in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. It is known that KD may also be effective in other neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and migraine through various mechanisms such as providing an alternative energy source for neurons, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, stimulating neurotransmitter synthesis and regulation of microbiota, etc. However, existing evidence is insufficient to make definitive conclusions about the effect of the KD on neurological diseases other than epilepsy due to the short intervention time, the small sample size, and the heterogeneity in the study methods. Considering factors such as genetics, endocrine differences, timing, and diet composition, it is important to apply and follow precision nutrition programs to increase the benefits of KD and reduce its side effects. In this review, the mechanisms of the KD on neurological diseases, recent evidence on the use of the KD in neurological diseases other than epilepsy, the limitations and difficulties in the literature on the KD, and the contraindications of the KD were discussed in detail
Ethical and unethical behaviors in public administration: The case of canadian
Get PDFÇalışmanın amacı kamu yönetiminde etik ve etik dışı davranışlar konusunu Kanada örneği üzerinden ele alarak, Kanada kamu yönetimi sisteminin etik altyapısını açıklamak, ülkede kamu yönetimi alanında etik dışı davranışları önlemek için ne gibi tedbirlerin alındığını belirtmek ve ülkenin etik yapılanmasının ne durumda olduğunu saptamaya çalışmaktır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ile analiz edilmiştir. Kanada’da etik ile ilgili bulunan bulgular şu şekildedir; Kanada’nın etik altyapısına bakıldığında öncelikle “Kanada Çıkar Çatışması ve Etik Komiseri Ofisi” ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu ofis kamu görevlilerini çıkar çatışması gibi durumlardan korumak ve bu konudaki farkındalıklarını artırmak amacıyla kurulmuştur. Etik ve çıkar çatışması hakkında genel kurallar belirlemiş, alınması gereken önlemleri belirtmiştir. Sonrasında karşılaşılan diğer bir kurum “Kanada Danışmanlık ve Psikoterapi Derneği” isimli bir dernektir. Burada da kamu görevlilerinin kamu hizmetlerini ifa ederken gözetmeleri gereken etik ilkeler belirlenmiştir. Kanada’da etik konusunun hukuki çerçevesi genel itibariyle “Çıkar Çatışması Yasası” ve “Kanada Parlamentosu Yasası” ile çizilmiştir. Her iki yasada da ayrı ayrı hem Avam Kamarası üyeleri için hem Senato üyeleri için çıkar çatışması kuralları belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında kamu görevlileri için, genel olarak kurallar da yer almaktadır.The aim of the study is to discuss the issue of ethical and unethical behavior in public administration through the example of Canada, to explain the ethical infrastructure of the Canadian public administration system, to indicate what measures are taken to prevent unethical behavior in the field of public administration in the country, and to try to determine the state of the country's ethical structuring. This study was carried out with qualitative research technique. The data obtained using the document review method was analyzed with descriptive analysis. The findings regarding ethics in Canada are as follows; When we look at Canada's ethics infrastructure, we first encounter the "Office of the Canadian Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner". This office was established to protect public officials from situations such as conflict of interest and to increase their awareness on this issue. It has determined general rules about ethics and conflict of interest and specified the precautions to be taken. Another institution encountered later is an association called "Canadian Counseling and Psychotherapy Association". Here, the ethical principles that public officials should observe while performing public services are determined. The legal framework of ethics in Canada is generally drawn by the "Conflict of Interest Act" and the "Parliament of Canada Act". Both laws set out conflict of interest rules separately for members of the House of Commons and members of the Senate. In addition, there are general rules for public officials
Exploring the thermal and photochemical properties of terbium-doped CeO2: a comprehensive assessment
Get PDFTerbium-enriched CeO2 compounds were synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method. Our primary focus is on morphological and structural design, as well as reconciling the thermo- and photochemical properties inherent to the original structure. The crystal properties and surface morphologies of the synthesized compounds were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses were conducted to study the bond structures and surface areas. In addition, excitation and emission spectra were obtained using a photoluminescence spectrophotometer. TG-DTA analysis was also performed to examine the thermal properties. A cubic crystal lattice compound was obtained. Rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) were used in dye degradation studies for 5 mg and 20 mg of photocatalyst compounds. The compound with the highest efficiency was found to be MB at 86% for 5 mg of photocatalyst compounds. The band gap of the 20TbCe compound was calculated as 2.26 eV. According to the photoluminescence results, green radiation was obtained
Theoretical modeling of gas sensors
No full textBir iletken polimer olandithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)pyrrole (DTP) molekülü ile yapılan çalışmada, metan gazı (CH4) ile etkileşimi neticesinde, üretilen sensör mekanizması için Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Teorisi (DFT) B3LYP 6-31G(d) seviyeleri kullanıldı. DTP molekülü ile tasarlanan bu sensör mekanizmasında, DTP molekülü, CH4 ile karşılaştığında, molekülde meydana gelen değişimler, geometrik ve elektronik anlamda incelendi.UV-Vis spektrumu analizleri yapıldı. Zamana Bağlı Yoğunluk Fonksiyon Teorisi (Time-DependentDensityFunctionTheory, TD-DFT) metoduaracılığıyla HOMO ve LUMO enerjileri ve elektronik geçişleri teorik anlamda incelendi.Yapılan teorik hesaplamalar neticesinde HOMO ve LUMO enerji seviyeleri arasındaki bant boşluğunda azalma olduğu gözlendi. Bunun da molekülün yapısal iletkenliği artırdığı sonucuna varıldı. Yapılan bu hesaplamalar neticesinde DTP molekülünün sensör olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varıldı.In a study conducted with dithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)pyrrole (DTP), a conductive polymer, the interaction of methane gas (CH4) with the molecule was investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP 6-31G(d) level for the designed sensor mechanism. In this sensor mechanism designed with the DTP molecule, the changes in the molecule upon exposure to CH4 were analyzed in terms of geometric and electronic properties. UV-Vis spectrum analyses were performed. The TimeDependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) method was used to theoretically examine the HOMO and LUMO energies and electronic transitions. Theoretical calculations revealed a decrease in the band gap between the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. This reduction was concluded to enhance the structural conductivity of the molecule. Based on these calculations, it was determined that the DTP molecule can be used as a sensor
Machine learning methods in capital structure decisions; application in bist
Get PDFBu çalışma, firmaların fonlama kararlarını önemli ölçüde etkileyen firmaya özgü faktörleri belirlemek ve geliştirmek için makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerine dayalı bir model oluşturmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma, 2014-2023 yılları arasında Borsa İstanbul’da orman, kâğıt ve basım endeksinde sıralanan firmalardan oluşmakta olup makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri ile sermaye yapısı kararları analiz edilmiştir. Makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılan analizler sonucunda oluşturulan modeller içerisinde özellikle XGBoost yöntemi ile oluşturulan model ve Random Forest modelinin performans değerlerinin AdaBoost ve SVM modeline göre daha iyi performans gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle XGBoost ve Random Forest yöntemi ile oluşturulan modellerin kurumsal sermaye yapılarının belirlenmesi için daha iyi bir seçenek olduğu görülmüştür. En kötü performansın ise SVM modeli olduğu anlaşılmıştır.This study was conducted to create a model based on machine learning methods to determine and develop firm-specific factors that significantly affect the funding decisions of firms. The study consists of firms listed in the forest, paper and printing index of Borsa Istanbul between 2014-2023, and their capital structure decisions were analyzed with machine learning methods. As a result of the analyzes made using machine learning methods, it was determined that the performance values of the model created with the XGBoost method and the Random Forest model, in particular, performed better than the AdaBoost and SVM models. It was seen that the models created with the XGBoost and Random Forest methods were a better option for determining corporate capital structures. It was understood that the SVM model had the worst performance value
Investigation of the functions of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) protein, a mediator of insulin signaling, using the CRISPR/CAS9 system
No full textİnsülin sinyal iletiminde kritik bir düzenleyici olan insülin reseptör substratı-1 (IRS1), hücresel glukoz alımı, glikojen sentezi, protein üretimi ve hücre büyümesi gibi metabolik ve mitojenik süreçleri yönlendiren bir adaptör proteindir. Disfonksiyonu, insülin direnci, tip 2 diyabet ve metabolik sendrom gibi hastalıklarla ilişkilendirilmiş olsa da, IRS1'in karaciğer hücrelerindeki moleküler etki mekanizmaları henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, irs1 geninin CRISPR-Cas9 teknolojisi ile susturulmasının insülin sinyal iletimi ve lipid metabolizmasımda görevli genler üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda IRS1 genini hedeflemek amacıyla iki farklı gRNA tasarlanmış ve bunları içeren ribonükleoprotein kompleksleri tekil ve birlikte Clone-9 hücrelerine transfekte edilmiştir. Transfeksiyon verimi, farklı hücre yoğunlukları ve inkübasyon süreleri açısından test edilmiştir. Ayrıca farklı CRISPR-Cas9 sistemlerinin irs1 genini düzenleme etkinliği, T7E1 endonükleaz analiziyle değerlendirilmiş ve PCR ile doğrulanmıştır. İnsülin sinyal ietim yolağı genlerinden irβ, irs1, irs2, pi3k, akt, mtor ve foxo3a ile lipid metabolizması düzenleyicileri srebp-1c, fasn ve pparγ'nin gen ekspresyon seviyeleri qRT-PCR ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlara göre en yüksek transfeksiyon verimliliği, 40.000 hücre yoğunluğu ve 48 saatlik inkübasyon süresinde elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan IRS1_AA gRNA, gen susturma etkinliği açısından IRS1_AB gRNA ve multi-gRNA kombinasyonuna kıyasla daha güçlü bir performans sergilemiştir. IRS1 geninin susturulması, PI3K-Akt-mTOR ekseninde gen ekspresyonunda anlamlı bir azalmaya yol açmıştır. Ayrıca lipid metabolizmasına yönelik analizlerde, srebp-1c, fasn ve pparγ'nin gen ekspresyon seviyelerinde irs1 susturulmasına bağlı olarak baskılanma gözlenmiş olup, irs1 geninin CRISPR-Cas9 teknolojisi ile susturulmasının insülin sinyal yolağı ve lipid metabolizmasında belirgin etkiler yarattığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, IRS1 geninin CRISPR-Cas9 teknolojisi ile susturulmasının insülin sinyalizasyonu ve lipid metabolizması üzerinde önemli moleküler değişikliklere yol açtığını göstermiştir.Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), a critical regulator in insulin signaling, is an adaptor protein that governs metabolic and mitogenic processes such as cellular glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, protein production, and cell growth. Although its dysfunction has been associated with diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, the molecular mechanisms of IRS1 in hepatocytes remain incompletely understood. In this study, the effects of silencing the irs1 gene using CRISPR-Cas9 technology on genes involved in insulin signaling and lipid metabolism were investigated. For this purpose, two different gRNAs targeting the IRS1 gene were designed, and ribonucleoprotein complexes containing these gRNAs were transfected individually and in combination into Clone-9 cells. Fluorescence microscopy were used to confirm the transfection efficiency, which was tested under different cell densities and incubation time. Furthermore, the gene-editing efficiency of different CRISPR-Cas9 systems targeting the irs1 gene was evaluated using T7E1 endonuclease assay and confirmed by PCR. The expression levels of insulin signaling pathway genes (irβ, irs1, irs2, pi3k, akt, mtor, and foxo3a) and lipid metabolism regulators (srebp-1c, fasn, and pparγ) were measured by qRT-PCR. According to the study results, the highest transfection efficiency was achieved at a cell density of 40,000 and an incubation period of 48 hours. Among the gRNAs used, IRS1_AA gRNA demonstrated superior performance in gene silencing compared to IRS1_AB gRNA and the multi-gRNA combination. Silencing of the IRS1 gene resulted in a significant decrease in gene expression along the PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis. Additionally, in lipid metabolism analyses, suppression of srebp-1c, fasn, and pparγ gene expression was observed following irs1 silencing, indicating that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated silencing of the irs1 gene has pronounced effects on both insulin signaling and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that silencing the IRS1 gene using CRISPR-Cas9 technology leads to significant molecular changes in insulin signaling and lipid metabolism, suggesting potential therapeutic implications
Doomscrolling and social media addiction in adolescents: a two-wave longitudinal study
Get PDFIn recent years, various traumatic events such as pandemics, earthquakes, wars, and migration have occurred worldwide. Negative news and content related to these events can be easily accessed on social media, leading to the concept of doomscrolling. Doomscrolling is a recent phenomenon in mental health research and has not yet been sufficiently studied. Therefore, in this study, the longitudinal relationship between social media addiction and doomscrolling was examined. In this study, data were collected at two time points, time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2), separated by a two-month interval. The study sample comprised 301 adolescents (48.5% female; 51.5% male) from 20 cities in Turkey. Participants were aged 12 to 19 (Mage = 15.55, SD = 1.09). The study employed a Cross-lagged path analytic model for the analysis. The analyses revealed positive and significant relationships between social media addiction and doomscrolling. It was concluded that at T1, addiction to social media had a positive correlation with doomscrolling at T2. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that social media addiction at T1 had a positive correlation with social media addiction at T2. However, the study found that engaging in doomscrolling at T1 did not significantly predict the development of social media addiction at T2. In conclusion, adolescents’ social media addiction levels increase the risk of doomscrolling. These results demonstrate the importance of interventions that include social media addiction in the prevention and treatment of doomscrolling. Mental health professionals can provide interventions that include healthy social media use skills in adolescents to prevent doomscrolling
A novel Fe3O4@SrTiO3@ZnO nanocomposite for simultaneous selective and efficient magnetic solid phase extraction of aflatoxins from food samples
Get PDFA novel Fe₃O₄@SrTiO₃@ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the efficient and selective preconcentration of trace-level aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in food samples. During the MSPE process, many extraction parameters such as nanocomposite amount, desorption conditions (solvent, volume, time), vortex time, and pH were optimized. Aflatoxins (AFs) in the samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-post-column derivatization-fluorescence detection method. Under suitable conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.005 to 0.015 ng g⁻¹, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.016 to 0.052 ng g⁻¹.For spiked hazelnut, pistachio, and almond samples at 2 ng g⁻¹, recoveries ranged from 90.7 % to 96.6 %, while the coefficient of variation (RSD) was found to be lower than 3.1 %. The approach demonstrated excellent intra-day and inter-day repeatability (RSDs 0.006–0.071 %, n = 9). The suggested new Fe3O4@SrTiO3@ZnO/MSPE method has offers a simpler, faster, and more selective alternative with effective extraction performance in the extraction of AFs in food samples (hazelnut, peanut butter, hazelnut butter, walnut, almond, cashew, pistachio, corn, rice) checked to the classic routine immunoaffinity column method. Given its performance and operational advantages, the developed method represents a strong alternative to classical analytical approaches for routine aflatoxin determination
The relationship between financial inclusion, renewable energy, and environmental sustainability in selected countries with high CO2 emissions
No full textThis study aims to investigate the nexus among financial inclusion (FI), renewable energy (REN), and environmental sustainability (ES) in countries with high CO2 emissions. Utilizing panel data regression analysis, the present study covers the period from 2004 to 2022 by employing annual data with ES (per capita CO2 emissions) as the dependent variable and financial inclusion and renewable energy as independent variables. Control variables include non-renewable energy (NREN), per capita income, foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation, and trade openness. The results achieved in this study suggest that FI and REN positively impact ES, whereas NREN, per capita income, FDI, and inflation negatively impact it, with trade openness showing no significant effect. Consequently, policies that can enhance environmental quality in high CO2 emitting countries include facilitating low-cost and easy access to financial products and services, allocating funds for REN, and limiting the use of NREN sources
The relationship between social safeness and pleasure and resilience levels among university athletes: A descriptive study
Get PDFThis study investigates the correlation between social safeness and pleasure and resilience among university students engaged in sports. A total of 350 participants (mean age, 21.09 +/- 3.12 years), comprising 239 females and 111 males, were included in the sample. Data collection utilized the "Social Safeness and Pleasure and Resilience Scales". Normality of data was assessed using skewness and kurtosis tests, confirming normal distribution. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using t-tests, multiple comparisons via one-way ANOVA, and relationship analysis employed Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Findings indicate participants scored above mid-level on the social safeness and pleasure scale (Mean = 2.6), and resilience scale (Mean = 3.7). Specifically, social support dimension mean score was above mid-level (Mean = 4.01), emotional coping (Mean = 3.4), and situational coping (Mean = 3.8). Pearson Product Moment Correlation revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between social safeness and pleasure scale scores and resilience scale scores (r = .652, p < .001). This descriptive study sheds light on the interplay between social and emotional factors and resilience among university athletes