eJournal Badan Penelitan dan Pengembangan Kelautan dan Perikanan
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Model Optimasi Perikanan Darat sebagai Antisipasi Penurunan Stok Ikan di Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Get PDFBudi daya perikanan darat merupakan salah satu bentuk upaya meningkatkan produksi perikanan agar masyarakat tidak hanya bergantung pada perikanan tangkap. Menurunnya hasil tangkapan nelayan dapat diatasi dengan optimasi perikanan darat. Akibat penurunan stok ikan ini, maka permintaan pasar terhadap ikan akan tidak seimbang karena permintaan pasar tinggi, sedangkan stok ikan menurun. Selain itu, ikan merupakan sumber protein yang sangat tinggi. Penurunan stok ikan ini dapat diatasi dengan cara pengoptimalan budi daya darat, sehingga kebutuhan pasar dapat tercukupi. Kabupaten Banyuwangi telah mengembangkan budi daya perikanan darat untuk komoditas lele, sidat, mas, nila, bawal, patin, tawes, gurame, dan mujair. Pengumpulan data menggunakan analisis optimasi linear programming dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan para pembudi daya ikan. Hasil penelitian adalah model pemrograman linear dan nilai optimal masing-masing komoditas budi daya. Komoditas budi daya terdiri dari produksi lele 5.900.400 kg, sidat 313.042 kg, mas 280.141 kg, nila 270.941 kg, bawal 117.500 kg, patin 53.000 kg, tawes 29.061, gurame 18.444 kg, dan mujair 18.000 kg. Profit maksimum dari kegiatan budi daya yang direncanakan sebesar Rp3.188.690.000,00. Adapun alternatif strategi optimasi perikanan darat dengan cara (1) peningkatan keahlian dan teknologi masyarakat untuk mengembangkan budi daya perikanan darat; (2) agrowisata perikanan; (3) mengoptimalkan komoditi unggulan; serta (4) integrasi kepentingan yang melibatkan masyarakat pembudi daya dan pemerintah.Title: Optimization Model of Inland Fisheries as an Anticipation of Decreasing Fish Stocks In Banyuwangi RegencyAquaculture of inland fisheries is one form of effort to increase fisheries production so that people do not only depend on capture fisheries. The decline in fishermen's catches is a problem that arose after the pandemic in Banyuwangi Regency. Because of this decrease in fish stocks, the market demand for fish will be unbalanced, where market demand is high, while fish stocks decrease. In addition, fish is a very high source of protein. This decline in fish stocks can be overcome by optimizing inland aquaculture, so that market needs can be met. Banyuwangi Regency has developed inland aquaculture for catfish, eel, goldfish, tilapia, pomfret, catfish, tawes, carp, and tilapia. Data collection using linear programming optimization analysis and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with fish farmers. The result of the research is a linear programming model and the optimal value of each aquaculture commodity. The farming production commodities consist of catfish 5,900,400 kg, eel 313,042 kg, carp 280,141 kg, tilapia 270,941 kg, pomfret 117,500 kg, catfish 53,000 kg, tawes 29,061, carp 18,444 kg and tilapia 18,000 kg. The maximum profit from the planned aquaculture activities is IDR3,188,690,000.00. The alternative strategy for inland fisheries optimization is by (1) increasing community skills and technology to develop inland fisheries cultivation; (2) fisheries agro-tourism; (3) optimizing superior commodities; and (4) integration of interests involving the cultivator community and the government.
Karakteristik Proses Pendangkalan Gelombang Soliter Internal di Sisi Utara Perairan Laut Flores
Get PDFKemunculan Gelombang Soliter Internal (GSI) di Laut Flores sering kali tertangkap oleh citra satelit dengan pusat pembangkitan yang berasal dari Selat Ombai. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang mengungkap secara detail nasib fenomena tersebut sesaat setelah dibangkitan. Karakteristik GSI tersebut diselidiki berdasarkan kemunculannya pada Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) dan citra kolom air (Water Coloum Imaging-WCI) peralatan akustik hidrografi (multibeams echosounders-MBES) saat kegiatan Ekspedisi Jala Citra (EJC) 3-2023 di Perairan Flores pada tanggal 25 April 2023. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa dan mengungkapkan nasib perambatan GSI dari Selat Ombai hingga mengalami pendangkalan dan pemecahan di perairan Teluk Bone, Sulawesi. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan data hasil perekaman citra satelit dan peralatan akustik hidrografi (MBES). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Perairan Teluk Bone dikarekteristikan sebagai lokasi propagasi, pendangkalan dan pemecahan yang berasal dari pembangkitan GSI di Selat Ombai. Nilai amplitudo GSI yang mengalamai pendangkalan di Teluk Bone dikarakterisasi berubah menjadi 4-10 kali lebih kecil dari pusat pembangkitan GSI (Selat Ombai) akibat perubahan kedalaman dan memecah akibat menabrak dinding tebing/lereng topografi dasar laut dan diduga berubah menjadi boluses. Karakteritik massa air saat kenampakan GSI di Laut Flores tanggal 25 April 2023 di dominasi oleh massa air Samudera Pasifik yang terbawa oleh Arlindo dari Selat Makassar. Kemunculan GSI juga merubah struktur kolom air yaitu suhu, salinitas dan densitas yang merupakan faktor penting dalam propagasi akustik serta berimplikasi terhadap proses kegiatan maritim di Perairan Indonesia
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN FERMENTASI AMPAS SAGU DAN TEPUNG KEPALA IKAN TERI DENGAN PERSENTASE BERBEDA TERHADAP KELULUSHIDUPAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN BAUNG (Hemibagrus nemurus)
Get PDFSalah satu ikan air tawar yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Asia Tenggara adalah ikan baung (Hemibagrus nemurus). Namun dalam memenuhi permintaan masyarakat, permasalahan yang sering dihadapi pembudidaya adalah besarnya biaya pakan, sehingga perlu adanya pemberian pakan buatan berbahan dasar lokal yang murah dan mudah didapat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian pakan buatan berupa kombinasi fermentasi ampas sagu dan tepung kepala ikan teri (Stolephorus indicus) dengan persentase yang berbeda terhadap kelulushidupan dan pertumbuhan benih ikan baung. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan empat tingkat perlakuan, yaitu P1 pemberian pakan sebanyak 6%, P2 (8%), P3 (10%), dan P4 (12%) dari bobot tubuh ikan uji dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa persentase pemberian pakan uji kombinasi fermentasi ampas sagu dan tepung kepala ikan teri hingga 10 % dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan benih ikan baung, namun bila ditingkatkan menjadi 12% pertumbuhan mengalami penurunan. Secara statistik persentase pemberian pakan uji berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan harian benih ikan baung. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa persentase pemberian pakan fermentasi ampas sagu dan tepung kepala ikan teri sebanyak 10% dari bobot tubuh ikan baung optimal untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan karena sesuai dengan kebutuhan nutrisi ikan baung. Pakan ini dapat dikembangkan sebagai pakan berbahan baku lokal untuk ikan baung karena mudah diperoleh, harganya murah, dapat menekan biaya produksi, dan tersedia berkesinambungan.One of high value freshwater fish in Southeast Asia is the Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus). However, to meet the public demand, the frequently problem faced by farmers is the high cost of feed, so it is necessary to provide artificial feed based on local ingredients that are cheap and easy to obtain. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of feeding of an artificial feed in the form of a combination of fermented sago dregs and anchovy head meal (Stolephorus indicus) at different percentages on the survival and growth of the Asian redtail catfish. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment levels, namely P1 feeding as much as 6%, 8% (P2), 10% (P3), and 12% (P4) of the test fish's body weight triplicates. The results of this study showed that feeding of the test feed up to 10% could increase the growth of Asian redtail catfish fry, but when it was increased to 12%, growth decreased. Statistically, the percentages of feeding of fermented sago dregs and anchovy head meal as much as 10% of Asian redtail catfish body weight was optimum to increase, because it meets the nutritional requirements of Asian redtail catfish (P<0.05). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the percentage of feeding fermented sago waste and anchovy head meal as much as 10% of the body weight of Asian redtail catfish is optimal for increasing growth because it is in accordance with the nutritional needs of Asian redtail catfish. This feed can be developed as the feed based on local ingredients for Asian redtail catfish because it is easily obtained, the price is cheap, it can reduce production costs, and it is available continuously
ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI, DAN ANALISIS EKSPRESI GEN PENGKODE GROWTH HORMONE PADA IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla bicolor)
Get PDFGen hormon pertumbuhan (growth hormone, GH) perlu dipelajari untuk mendukung domestikasi ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi gen pengkode GH serta menganalisis ekspresinya pada sampel ikan sidat A. bicolor. Primer untuk amplifikasi gen GH ikan sidat A. bicolor didesain berdasarkan sekuen gen GH dari beberapa spesies ikan sidat lain yang tersedia di GenBank. Sampel cDNA hipofisa dan otak ikan sidat digunakan untuk amplifikasi gen GH. Hasil amplifikasi disekuensing dan hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis BLAST, multiple sequences alignment, hormon signature, dan filogenetik. Analisis ekspresi gen GH dilakukan menggunakan teknik realtime PCR dengan metode delta-delta CT pada 14 sampel ikan sidat (23,1 ± 19,6 g; 24,5 ± 4,2 cm). Fragmen DNA sepanjang 486 bp berhasil diamplifikasi dan disekuensing. Sekuen gen GH A. bicolor memiliki similaritas nukleotida sebesar 98,49-99,14% jika dibandingkan dengan gen GH ikan sidat A. anguilla, A. australis, dan A. japonica. Sekuen parsial tersebut secara in silico diketahui mengkode bagian dari protein GH sepanjang 155 asam amino (aa). Sekuen asam amino protein GH A. bicolor sangat mirip dengan sekuen spesies ikan sidat lain dengan hanya tiga perbedaan asam amino dan membentuk satu percabangan pada pohon filogenetik. Tingkat ekspresi gen GH pada sampel ikan sidat memiliki variasi yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk studi selanjutnya khususnya berkaitan dengan peran gen GH dalam pertumbuhan ikan sidat A. bicolor.The growth hormone (GH) gene needs to be studied to support the domestication of the Anguilla bicolor eel in Indonesia. This study aimed to isolate and identify the GH coding gene and analyze its expression in samples of the eel A. bicolor. Primers for amplification of the GH gene of A. bicolor eels were designed based on GH gene sequences from several other eel species available in GenBank. Pituitary and brain cDNA samples of eel were used for GH gene amplification. The amplification results were sequenced and the results were analyzed using BLAST analysis, multiple sequence alignment, hormone signature, and phylogenetic analysis. The GH gene expression analysis was carried out using the real-time PCR technique with the delta-delta CT method on 14 eel samples (23.1 ± 19.6 g; 24.5 ± 4.2 cm). The 486 bp DNA fragment was successfully amplified and sequenced. The GH gene sequence of A. bicolor has a nucleotide similarity of 98.49-99.14% when compared with the GH gene of other eel species A. anguilla, A. australis, and A. japonica. This partial sequence was found in silico to code 155 amino acids (aa) GH protein. The amino acid sequence of the A. bicolor GH protein is very similar to that of other eel species with only three amino acid differences and forms one branch on the phylogenetic tree. The expression level of the GH gene in eel samples had high variations. The results of this study could be a basis for further studies, especially regarding the role of the GH gene in the growth of the eel A. bicolor.
A STUDY ON AQUAPONIC CULTIVATION OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) AND WATER SPINACH (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) UNDER LOW SALINITY
Get PDFCultivation waste poses a severe threat to reducing environmental quality. However, the problem of low salinity cultivation waste can be overcome by converting it into plants. This research was conducted to assess the impact of salinity on the growth performance of Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk) in a low-salinity aquaponic system. Floating raft system for planting water spinach. Furthermore, the role of water spinach in using N and P nutrients from the culture media of vannamei shrimp was analyzed. The experiment was carried out for 35 days, with two treatments and three repetitions, namely 5 and 10 ppt. Salinity affected the growth performance of shrimp and water spinach. Shrimp reared at 10 ppt exhibited higher growth rate, harvest size, and shrimp yield, along with lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water use compared to those reared at 5 ppt. Meanwhile, the performance of water spinach at 5 ppt salinity resulted in higher survival, plant height gain, root length gain, number of leaves, and yield of water spinach compared to 10 ppt salinity. The growth performance of water spinach decreased with increasing salinity, and the efficiency in reducing N and P from the 5 ppt culture media was 1.3 times higher than that of 10 ppt. Water spinach showed better results in the 5 ppt salinity media than 10 ppt, while vannamei shrimp grew at 5 ppt. Therefore, 5 ppt salinity was recommended as a suitable condition for integrated cultivation of vannamei shrimp and water spinach in low-salinity aquaponics. Both species were compatible and complemented each other’s role in developing low-salinity aquaponics
IDENTIFIKASI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI SUB SEKTOR PERIKANAN PADA KAWASAN EKONOMI BARU DI PROVINSI JAMBI
No full textKawasan SENTUSA direncanakan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Jambi sebagai kawasan ekonomi baru yang mencakup tiga kabupaten (Tanjung Jabung Barat, Tanjung Jabung Timur dan Muaro Jambi). Kawasan SENTUSA termasuk Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) Laut Cina Selatan yang memiliki potensi perikanan laut mencapai 77.980 ton per tahun. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui basis potensi dan strategi untuk pengembangan sub sektor perikanan di Kawasan SENTUSA. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei, penelusuran dokumen atau laporan, dan Fokus Group Diskusi. Metode analisis data terdiri dari metode Location Question (LQ) dan analisa SWOT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perikanan laut merupakan basis di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat dan Tanjung Jabung Timur, sementara budidaya perikanan darat, basis di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Skor kekuatan lebih baik dari kelemaham, namun ancaman lebih besar dari peluang untuk mengembangkan komoditas perikanan ke sektor industri olahan.The SENTUSA region has been planned by Government of Jambi Province as a new economic zone where coverage three distructs (Tanjung Jabung Barat, Tanjung Jabung Timur dan Muaro Jambi). The SENTUSA area includes the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the South China Sea which has marine fisheries potential reaching 77,980 tonnes per year. This paper aims to find out a base of fisheries subsector development in SENTUSA. The data collection was conducted in the three ditsricts using survey, documents or reports review, and Focuses Group Discussion. The analysis method used include the Location Question and SWOT quantitiave. The results of the study show that The results of the analysis show that marine fisheries are based in West Tanjung Jabung and East Tanjung Jabung Regencies, while land fisheries cultivation is based in Muaro Jambi Regency. The strength score is better than weaknesses, but the threat is greater than the opportunity for developing the secondary sector
STATUS PERIKANAN PURSE SEINE DAN KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAANNYA DI PPS KENDARI, SULAWESI TENGGARA DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA PERIKANAN BERKELANJUTAN
Get PDFPenelitian ini mengevaluasi hasil tangkapan purse seine di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Kendari, fokus pada ikan cakalang dan tuna sirip kuning di Laut Banda. Analisis ukuran ikan pada Agustus dan September menunjukkan variasi signifikan, dengan mayoritas ikan berukuran juvenile pada Agustus dan sebagian memenuhi ukuran layak tangkap pada September. Meskipun terjadi peningkatan produksi tuna dalam dua tahun terakhir, kebijakan moratorium tampaknya berdampak negatif. Dominasi cakalang dan tuna sirip kuning menyoroti pentingnya pengelolaan perikanan yang efektif, terutama dalam menetapkan peraturan ukuran mata jaring. Dinamika musim penangkapan ikan pelagis besar, seperti cakalang dan tuna sirip kuning, di Laut Banda, membutuhkan pengelolaan adaptif dan praktik penangkapan selektif untuk menjaga keberlanjutan perikanan. Rekomendasi kebijakan mencakup pengelolaan musim penangkapan yang terkoordinasi, peningkatan pengawasan selama bulan dengan tingkat tangkapan tinggi, dan pemantauan suhu permukaan laut serta klorofil. Kebijakan konservasi, termasuk penetapan ukuran minimum tangkapan untuk melindungi ikan juvenil, harus diterapkan, sambil melibatkan nelayan dan masyarakat lokal dalam pengambilan keputusan melalui program edukasi. Dukungan untuk riset lebih lanjut mengenai pertumbuhan dan perilaku ikan cakalang serta tuna sirip kuning menjadi esensial. Kerjasama antara pemerintah, nelayan, industri perikanan, lembaga riset, dan LSM diperlukan untuk mencapai keseimbangan antara pemenuhan kebutuhan manusia dan pelestarian lingkungan laut, terutama di WPP 714 dan 715 di Indonesia Timur.This research evaluates the catch results of purse seine fishing at the Samudera Fishing Port (PPS) Kendari, focusing on skipjack and yellowfin tuna in the Banda Sea. The analysis of fish sizes in August and September reveals significant variations, with the majority being juvenile in August and some reaching catchable sizes by September. Despite increased tuna production over the past two years, the moratorium policy seems to have negatively impacted the catch. The dominance of skipjack and yellowfin tuna underscores the importance of effective fisheries management, particularly in enforcing regulations regarding mesh size. The dynamics of large pelagic fishery seasons, such as skipjack and yellowfin tuna in the Banda Sea, require adaptive management and selective fishing practices to ensure sustainability. Policy recommendations include coordinated management of fishing seasons, enhanced monitoring during high catch months, and improved monitoring of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll. Conservation policies, including setting minimum catch sizes to protect juvenile fish, should be implemented, involving fishermen and local communities in decision-making through educational programs. Further research support on the growth and behavior of skipjack and yellowfin tuna is essential. Collaboration between the government, fishermen, the fishing industry, research institutions, and NGOs is necessary to achieve a balance between human needs and marine environmental conservation, especially in WPP 714 and 715 in Eastern Indonesia
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF WILD STRAINS OF Clarias gariepinus BROODSTOCKS FROM NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Get PDFFish seed production of Clarias gariepinus has been successfully been carried out in Nigeria. Despite the success, most of the strains used in aquaculture have suffered from inbreeding and its consequences and there still exist a wide gap between fish seed demand and supply, this therefore necessitate the need to increase research. This study focused on intra-specific hybridization among and between wild Clarias gariepinus from four different lakes viz., lake Alau in Borno state, lake Dadin Kowa in Gombe state, lake Maladumba in Bauchi state and lake Mayo Ranewo in Taraba state in the North-East of Nigeria in other to evaluate their reproductive performances. Twenty pairs of live wild gravid broodstocks of C. gariepinus with a mean total length of 47.9±1.08cm and a mean total weight of 951.75±16.55g were randomly collected from each lake. The fish were conditioned, fed and spawned in the Hatchery complex, Department of Fisheries, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The broodstocks were mated in pure parental and reciprocal crosses generating sixteen mating combinations (generic crosses) duplicated in complete blocked randomized design. Reproductive performance parameters such as fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and survival were monitored and the data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at p<0.05 significant level. The result revealed that the mean highest fecundity (66208±120.12g) was recorded for female broodstocks collected from Lake Mayo Ranewo in Taraba state, crosses between Bauchi♀ and Taraba♂ had the highest values of fertilization rate (95.50±9.50%), hatching rate (93.28±2.00%) and survival rate (88.16±2.50%). Results clearly indicated that reproductive performances varied significantly among and between the pure lines and their reciprocal crosses. Water quality parameters including ammonia (mg/L), pH, water temperature (°C) and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) fell within the recommended range for the culture of fresh water fish. For better reproductive performance of wild strains of Clarias gariepinus, in the North-East of Nigeria, crosses should be encouraged between broodstocks from Bauchi and Taraba
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LENGTH AND WEIGHT AND CONDITION FACTORS OF SCAD FISH (Decapterus Russelli) CATCH OF PURSE SEINE IN LAMPUNG BAY AT KM.GUNUNG JATI
Get PDFThe rate of exploitation of scads fish has increased, giving rise to concerns that the recruitment process is overfished. Relationship between length and weight in fisheries is one of the complementary information that needs to be known in relation to fisheries resource management. The purpose of this practice are to know the composition of yield, growth pattern catch of fly fish (Decapterus russeli) in the Lampung Bay. Sampling by simple random method were conducted in December until mid-March 2020. Samples consisted of catches from Lampung bay ships landed at the Lempasing fishing port. Data analysis by Linear Allometric Models (LAM), relative condition factors and fultons. The results showed the fly fish (Decapterus russeli) had a negative allometric growth pattern in December with a value of b = 2,7244, January with a value of b = 2,7153, February with a value of b = 2,8918, and in March with a value of b = 2,7067 value of 100,82-101,16 from relatively high relative condition factor and value of 2,85-2,91 from fulton condition factor which supports abundant feed which supports the life of Deccapterus russeli fish in good condition