eJournal Badan Penelitan dan Pengembangan Kelautan dan Perikanan
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AKSI KOLEKTIF PETAMBAK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI USAHA BUDI DAYA UDANG DI TAMBAK TRADISIONAL
Get PDFBudi daya udang di tambak tradisional telah menggunakan input komersial. Usaha ini belum menerapkan cara budi daya yang baik (CBIB), sehingga permasalahan produktivitas dan inefisiensi bepotensi terjadi. Dengan data hasil wawancara dari 182 petambak di Brebes, Lampung Selatan dan Indramayu (Mei - Agustus 2024), penelitian kuantitatif dengan metoda statistik deskriptif dan Stochastic Frontier Analysis ini bertujuan: menganalisis karakteristik, produktivitas, kinerja ekonomi, dan faktor inefisiensi budi daya udang menggunakan Software STATA 15. Temuan penting adalah: R/C rata-rata (2,7), tertinggi Brebes (3,1), Indramayu (2,5) dan Lampung Selatan (2,2). Monokultur udang menghasilkan pendapatan tertinggi (Rp57,17 juta/ha/siklus), polikultur bandeng (Rp56,56 juta/ha/siklus). Praktek penjarangan sekali, kolam tandon, pembuangan limbah teratur, dan sumber air dari sungai meningkatkan produktivitas. Namun, budi daya udang yang lokasinya jauh dari rumah dan jalan utama, mempunyai banyak petak efisiensinya rendah. Sebaliknya, semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman petambak, modal yang memadai, luas tambak > 1 hektar, dan kepuasan petambak terhadap kelompok, meningkatkan efisiensi. Mengatur pemanfaatan petak tambak dalam berproduksi mampu mengatasi inefisiensi. Aksi kolektif bertujuan memperbaiki inefisiensi dan mendorong CBIB. Aksi ini dilakukan melalui pelatihan, pengadaan input, konsolidasi petak tambak untuk tandon air dan instalasi pembuangan limbah (IPAL). Federasi lintas wilayah dan tim teknis diperlukan untuk pencegahan penyakit udang. Korporasi untuk konsolidasi manajemen usaha perlu dibentuk agar tercapai skala ekonomi. Pemerintah diharapkan mendukung aksi kolektif ini agar pelatihan, dan CBIB dapat diwujudkan, sehingga budi daya udang menggunakan air yang berkualitas, dan budi daya itu bebas penyakit. Aksi kolektif peningkatan kapasitas petambak dapat mendorong perbaikan inßastruktur, membangun akses terhadap modal sehingga meningkatkan daya saing dan keberlanjutan usaha.TITLE: COLLECTIVE ACTION OF BRACKISHWATER FARMERS TO ENHANCE THE EFFICIENCY OF SHRIMP CULTIVATION IN TRADITIONAL BRACKISH WATER PONDSShrimp farming in traditional ponds has already utilized commercial inputs. However, this activity has not yet implemented good aquaculture practices (CBIB), which is likely to lead to productivity and eflciency issues. Using interview data from 182 shrimp farmers in Brebes, South Lampung, and Indramayu, this quantitative study, employing descriptive statistical methods and Stochastic Frontier Analysis, aims to analyze the characteristics, productivity, economic performance, and ineflciency factors of shrimp farming using Stata 15. Key findings are: R/C ratio averages 2.7, with the highest in Brebes (3.1), Indramayu (2.5), and South Lampung (2.2). Monoculture shrimp culture is the most income-generating (Rp57.17 million/ha/cycle), followed by milkfish polyculture (Rp56.56 million/ha/cycle). Productivity-enhancing technologies are single thinning, reservoir ponds, periodical waste removal, and river water use. However, shrimp farms located far from the farmer’s residence and main roads, and with many plots, tend to be less eflcient. On the other hand, higher levels of education, greater farming experience, suflcient capital, pond areas over 1 hectare, and farmer satisfaction with their groups improve eflciency. Managing the use of pond plots for production can overcome ineflciencies. Collective action aims to address ineflciency and promote CBIB. This action is implemented through training, procurement of inputs, consolidation of pond plots for water reservoirs, and the establishment of waste- disposal installations (IPALs). Cross-regional federations and technical teams are needed to prevent shrimp disease. Business management consolidation corporations should be formed to achieve economies of scale. The government needs to encourage this group action to achieve training and CBIB adoption, so that shrimp farmers can use quality water and remain disease-free. Collective capacity-building efforts among farmers can also promote infrastructure improvements, build access to capital, and thereby enhance competitiveness and business sustainability
IMPLEMENTATION OF COLD CHAIN SYSTEM IN FROZEN POCKET YELLOWFIN TUNA (Thunnus albacares)
No full textCold chain systems are essential in maintaining the quality and safety of frozen fishery products, particularly yellowfin tuna, which has high economic value. This study evaluates the implementation of the cold chain system in the production of frozen yellowfin tuna saku at a processing company. The research was conducted using a descriptive method through direct observation and temperature monitoring across all stages of the cold chain, including receiving of raw material, processing, and cold storing. Temperature measurements were conducted on tuna, water, and processing rooms, using three tuna samples per observation, with triplicate measurements for each sample. The results demonstrated that tuna temperatures remained below the Indonesian regulatory limit of 4.4°C throughout processing, with raw material temperatures averaging 2.4 ± 0.76°C. Water temperatures during temporary storage averaged 3.5°C, while washing water ranged from 25–27°C. Room temperatures across processing areas were maintained between 22–23°C, complying with the company’s standard maximum of 25°C. The Air Blast Freezer (ABF) operated at –35 to –38.9°C, with an average of –37.76 ± 1.12°C across ten weeks, surpassing both company and national standards (≤ –18°C). Cold storage temperatures ranged from –20°C to –30°C, maintaining the product core temperature at –18°C. Although overall temperature control complied with required standards, the findings indicate the need for more stringent temperature monitoring to minimize fluctuations at several critical stages. The study concludes that the cold chain system is effectively implemented, but improvements in consistent temperature stability are necessary to further prevent quality degradation
OPTIMIZATION OF WATERJET THRUST FOR FISHING BOAT USING THE TAGUCHI METHOD
Get PDFIndonesia is an archipelagic country with vast waters. Therefore, it is necessary to develop water transportation tools that support the exploitation of marine resources. Therefore, this study optimizes the waterjet thrust on fishing boat to determine the impact on fishermen's profits. Simulation to obtain the velocity at the nozzle outlet is carried out using CFD software.The purpose of this study is to obtain Waterjet Design Variation Variables that produce optimum Thrust Force. The design variables varied are the nozzle outlet diameter, the number of stator blades, and the number of rotor blades. Where each design variable has 3 levels and its degrees of freedom are 6. Thus, the Experimental Design uses the L9 orthogonal array matrix. The L9 orthogonal array matrix has 3 columns and 9 rows that can be used for 3 independent variables, each of which has 3 levels. From the test results, the smallest thrust force is 24.46 N in the 3rd Variation. Meanwhile, the highest thrust force is found in Variation 5, with design variables of nozzle outlet diameter of 80 mm, number of rotor blades of 4, and number of stator blades of 6. The highest thrust force is 38.58 N. The design variations that affect the thrust force are nozzle outlet diameter, number of stator blades and number of rotor blades. The results of the research have an impact on making it easier for fishermen to choose the specifications of the waterjet they will use
QUALITY ANALYSIS AND FORMALIN IDENTIFICATION OF SALTED FISH AT THE PASAR PAGI PEMALANG, CENTRAL JAVA
Get PDFSalted fish is one of the popular fish processing products in Indonesia. Even popular, currently, many salted fish containing formalin are found on the market. Consumption of salted fish with formalin poses serious health risks to humans. This study aimed to analyze the quality of salted fish and identify the presence of formalin in salted fish sold at the Pemalang Morning Market, Central Java. A total of 12 types of salted fish were identified at the Pemalang Morning Market, comprising 21 individual samples. These samples were tested for quality parameters including moisture content, salt content, ash content, total bacterial contamination, and Escherichia coli contamination. In addition, qualitative tests were conducted to detect the presence of formalin. If formalin was detected, quantitative analysis was subsequently performed. The test results showed that the moisture content of the samples ranged from 22.92% to 38.19% (SNI maximum limit: 40%), the salt content ranged from 12.59% to 13.94% (SNI standard: 12–20%), and the ash content ranged from 0.22% to 0.29% (SNI maximum limit: 0.3%). Total bacterial contamination and E. coli levels also complied with the SNI standards, with limits of 5×10⁵ colonies/gram and <3 MPN/gram, respectively. Formalin identification results revealed that one out of the 21 salted fish samples contained formalin, with a measured concentration of 15.35 ppm. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the quality of salted fish sold at the Pemalang Morning Market, Central Java, generally complies with the SNI standards. However, one sample was confirmed to contain formalin
Keberlanjutan Budidaya Ikan Bawal Bintang (Trachinotus blochii) pada Tahap Pendederan di Keramba yang Diberi Pakan Komersil dan Probiotik Lokal di Perairan Pulau Sekotok, Batam
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan probiotik lokal yang dikombinasikan dengan pakan komersil terhadap kualitas air, efisiensi pakan, dan pertumbuhan ikan, serta untuk menganalisis status keberlanjutan dan strategi pengelolaan berdasarkan pendekatan Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH). Penelitian dilakukan di perairan Pulau Setokok, Batam, dengan menggunakan pendekatan survei dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD), serta observasi langsung pada lima unit usaha budidaya. Data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen resmi dan literatur terkait. Analisis status keberlanjutan dilakukan menggunakan metode Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) melalui pendekatan RAPFISH yang mencakup dimensi ekologi, sosial, ekonomi, teknologi, dan kelembagaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budidaya T. blochii pada tahap pendederan tergolong cukup berkelanjutan, dengan dimensi ekologi sebagai penopang utama, sedangkan dimensi sosial menjadi aspek yang paling lemah dan perlu mendapat perhatian. Penerapan probiotik lokal terbukti mampu meningkatkan kualitas air dengan menurunkan konsentrasi amonia dan nitrit, meningkatkan efisiensi pakan, serta mendorong pertumbuhan ikan yang lebih optimal. Strategi peningkatan keberlanjutan mencakup edukasi dan pelatihan pembudidaya, adopsi teknologi budidaya ramah lingkungan seperti monitoring kualitas air real-time dan penggunaan pakan efisien, serta penguatan kelembagaan dan regulasi
ANALISIS AKAR PENYEBAB CACAT PRODUK PADA PENGOLAHAN RAJUNGAN KALENG: STUDI KASUS PT ABC
Get PDFCanned swimming crab is an export fishery product with large market potential, but often experiences defects that affect quality and production costs. This study aims to evaluate the causes of product defects in the swimming crab canning process at PT ABC. The evaluation of the causes used root cause analysis methods such as fishbone diagrams and 5 Why Analysis. The results showed that the main defect was rust on the cans, which was caused by inadequate supervision, operator ignorance, and inconsistent implementation of SOPs. Identification of problems through fishbone diagrams revealed factors such as machines, people, methods, materials, and the environment as the main causes. Based on the 5 Whys analysis, the root cause of the problem was identified as human factors, specifically the lack of operator supervision and insufficient training. To address this problem, the study recommends increased supervision, regular training for operators, and consistent implementation of SOPs. This study concluded that the implementation of the root cause analysis method can identify problems from production quality defects on an ongoing basis, although the addition of other methods is needed to strengthen the analysis and further improvements.Rajungan kaleng merupakan produk perikanan ekspor dengan potensi pasar yang besar, namun sering mengalami masalah kecacatan yang mempengaruhi kualitas dan biaya produksi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyebab kecacatan produk dalam proses pengalengan rajungan di PT ABC. Evaluasi penyebab menggunakan pendekatan metode analisis akar masalah seperti diagram fishbone dan 5 Why Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecacatan utama adalah karat pada kaleng, yang disebabkan oleh pengawasan yang tidak memadai, ketidaktahuan operator, dan penerapan SOP yang tidak konsisten. Identifikasi masalah melalui diagram fishbone mengungkapkan faktor-faktor seperti mesin, manusia, metode, material, dan lingkungan sebagai penyebab utama. Berdasarkan analisis 5 Why, akar masalah ditemukan pada faktor manusia yaitu kurangnya pengawasan dan pelatihan operator. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penelitian merekomendasikan peningkatan pengawasan, pelatihan rutin bagi operator, dan penerapan SOP yang konsisten. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi metode akar penyebab masalah (Root Cause Analysis) dapat mengetahui masalah dari cacat kualitas produksi secara berkelanjutan, meskipun diperlukan penambahan metode lain untuk memperkuat analisis dan perbaikan lebih lanjut
GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND PRODUCTION OF Penaeus monodon AND OTHER SPECIES IN INTEGRATED MULTITROPHIC AQUACULTURE PONDS
Get PDFThe growth and survival of Penaeus monodon and other commercial species and the production performance of Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system were evaluated in a 500 m2 experimental grow-out ponds of Mindanao State University at Naawan for 120 days. Three triplicated treatments, monoculture (P. monodon only), polyculture (P. monodon and Chanos chanos) and IMTA (P. monodon, C. chanos, Perna viridis and Gracilaria verrucosa) were evaluated in a semi-intensive pond culture operation. Salinity (24.3 to 34.36‰), temperature (28 to 40.64°C) and pH (7.5 to 9.49) exceeded the maximum ideal limit for the cultured organisms in all treatments. Dissolved oxygen levels (2.76-5.43) were within the optimal range of some cultured organisms. Growth of shrimp (5.33±0.02 %SGR P <0.05) and milkfish (4.49±0.03 %SGR P <0.05) were significantly better in IMTA than in polyculture. Shrimp’s survival was also significantly higher in IMTA (24.13%±3.95, P <0.05) than in the other treatments. Shrimp-milkfish biomass was highest in IMTA (89.67 kg), followed by polyculture (57.72 kg) and lowest in monoculture (11.33 kg). The higher biomass and survival of shrimp and milkfish in IMTA ponds could be attributed to the cultured organisms' synergistic interaction, such as shading and nutrient remediation by G. verrucosa and bioremediation by P. viridis. Revenue and profit followed a similar trend, with IMTA revealing profitability over the polyculture and monoculture. Hence, the results demonstrate the efficiency of the IMTA systems over monoculture and polyculture in the growth and survival of the high-valued jumbo tiger shrimp, P. monodon and the overall production and profitability