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CHARACTERZATION OF ENDOGENOUS BACTERIA AS POTENTIAL PROBIOTICS IN LARVAL REARING OF YELLOWFIN TUNA (Thunnus albacares)
Full text linkThe main objective of this study was to determine the profile of endogenous intestinal bacteria of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares that can function as potential probiotics in the digestive system and used for the maintenance of yellowfin tuna larvae. Wild yellowfin tuna, T. albacares was collected from the waters of Gerokgak, Buleleng, North Bali, Indonesia. Intestinal bacteria were isolated, identified, characterized, and followed by enzymatic hydrolysis activity tests, antagonistic tests and pathogenicity tests to select candidate bacteria as probiotics. The results of the enzymatic hydrolysis activity test showed that there were 4 isolates of candidate probiotic bacteria that were active in enzymatic synthesis for amylase, lipase, casease, lecithinase, gelatinase. Identification through Sanger sequencing resulted in 4 potential bacterial isolates as probiotics, namely Bacillus subtillis strain T-A1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain T-N2, Bacillus subtillis strain T-O4, and Paraclostridium bifermentans strain T-O6. These four bacteria were not antagonistic between varieties and were not pathogenic in Tuna fish. Yellowfin tuna fed probiotic supplements grew faster (5.5002 ± 0.2 mm) than the control (4.9002 ± 0.4 mm). The success of yellowfin tuna seed production is expected to be sustainable and its implementation in the private sector for aquaculture purposes.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN BENIH IKAN GABUS (Channa striata) DENGAN PEMBERIAN Tubifex sp. MENGANDUNG Curcuma longa L.
Full text linkPotensi ikan gabus (Channa striata) di Indonesia memiliki nilai ekonomis dan manfaat kesehatan yang tinggi, namun budidayanya di Indonesia terkendala oleh mortalitas tinggi dan pertumbuhan lambat terutama pada ukuran benih. Salah satu penyebab kematian selama proses pendederan benih adalah adanya serangan penyakit dari bakteri dan virus. Curcuma longa L. (kunyit) merupakan bahan aktif yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan bakteri atau virus, menambahkan Curcuma longa L. untuk meningkatkan kualitas Tubifex sp. dapat meningkatkan performa budidaya ikan secara terkontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya alternatif penggunaan pakan alami untuk meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan, sintasan dan kualitas benih ikan gabus. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah (A) Tubifex sp. tanpa penambahan Curcuma longa L., (B) Tubifex sp. yang dipanen setelah 3 hari penambahan Curcuma longa L., (C) Tubifex sp. yang dipanen setelah 5 hari penambahan Curcuma longa L. dan (D) Tubifex sp. yang dipanen setelah 7 hari penambahan Curcuma longa L. Sebelum dijadikan bahan percobaan, persiapan media pemeliharaan Tubifex sp. menggunakan komposisi, seperti silase ikan, ampas tahu, dedak padi, dan limbah sawi, ditambah probiotik Curcuma longa L. Penelitian dilakukan selama 28 hari menggunakan benih ikan Channa striata berukuran panjang 3-4 cm dengan berat awal 0,5-1,0 g. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pertumbuhan dan sintasan, mencapai 86,7%, pada perlakuan CSK 3 menunjukkan pertumbuhan panjang mutlak tertinggi 18,80±0,54 mm, diikuti CSK 2 dengan 16,20±0,79 mm, CSK 1 dengan 13,80±0,55 mm, dan kontrol (CS) 11,50±0,61 mm. Masing-masing perlakuan menghasilkan kelangsungan hidup CSK3 sebesar 86,70 2,31 %, kemudian CSK 2 dengan nilai 85,31,16 %, perlakuan CSK 1 sebesar 80,703,01%, sedangkan kontrol CS 77,301,16%.The potential of Indonesian snakehead fish (Channa striata) has high economic value and health benefits, but its cultivation in Indonesia is constrained by high mortality and slow growth, especially in seed size. One of the causes of death during the seed nursery process is the attack of diseases from bacteria and viruses. Curcuma longa L is an active ingredient that can suppress the growth of bacteria or viruses. Research on the addition of Curcuma longa lin to improve quality explores the use of Tubifex silk worms (Tubifex sp can improve the performance of fish farming in a controlled manner. This research was conducted for) enriched with curcumin as natural feed to improve growth performance, and survival and quality of snakehead fish seeds. The treatments given were A. Tubifex sp without the addition of Curcuma Lin, B. Tubifex sp harvested after 3 days of adding Curcuma long Lin, C. B. Tubifex sp harvested after 5 days of adding Curcuma long Lin and D. B. Tubifex sp harvested after 7 days of adding Curcuma long Lin. Before being used as an experimental material, the preparation of Tubifex sp maintenance media using Feed given with the composition using materials; fermentation such as fish silage, tofu dregs, rice bran, and mustard greens waste, plus probiotics and curcumin Curcuma longa Linn, . The study was conducted for 28 days using Channa striata fish seeds measuring 3-4 cm long with an initial weight of 0.5- 1.0 g. The results showed a significant increase in growth and survival, reaching 86.7%, the time of the study, the CSK3 treatment showed the highest absolute length growth of 18.80 ± 0.54 mm, followed by CSK2 with 16.20 ± 0.79 mm, CSK1 with 13.80 ± 0.55 mm, and control (CS) 11.50 ± 0.61 mm). Each treatment resulted in CSK3 survival of 86.70±2.31%, then CSK2 with a value of 85.3±1.16%, CSK1 treatment of 80.70±3.01%, while the CS control was 77.30±1.16%. making it a potential alternative for sustainable cultivation
PRODUKTIVITAS JARING INSANG DASAR (BOTTOM GILLNET) YANG DIOPERASIKAN DI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN JENEPONTO
Full text linkJaring insang dasar (bottom gillnet) merupakan salah satu alat tangkap yang banyak digunakan nelayan Kabupaten Jeneponto. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas operasi penangkapan, diperlukan informasi terkait produktivitas alat tangkap, komposisi jenis dan struktur ukuran ikan tangkapan dominan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat produktivitas bottom gillnet, menganalisis indeks keanekaragaman dan mendeskripsikan struktur ukuran ikan hasil tangkapan. Metode penelitian studi kasus dengan mengikuti operasi penangkapan ikan pada satu unit bottom gillnet selama 32 trip. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata produktivitas penangkapan mencapai 0,042 kg/menit, dengan nilai tertinggi 0,087 kg/menit dan terendah 0,013 kg/menit. Total produktivitas selama penelitian adalah 1,35 kg/menit. Tercatat 21 spesies ikan tertangkap dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’) sebesar 2,3 yang termasuk kategori sedang. Struktur ukuran ikan yang tertangkap didominasi oleh ukuran kecil hingga sedang, dengan panjang tubuh terbanyak pada interval 22–30 cm, sedangkan ukuran terendah pada rentang 58–66 cm, 67–79 cm, dan 80–92 cm. Variasi produktivitas diduga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan, musim penangkapan, dan ketersediaan sumber daya ikan di perairan
Komposisi Spesies dan Fase Hidup Ikan Kerapu Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan di Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan
Full text linkIkan kerapu (Epinephelidae) merupakan jenis ikan demersal penting secara ekologis dan ekonomis. Namun, informasi mengenai keanekaragaman spesies kerapu masih terbatas khususnya di Kabupaten Barru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi spesies dan fase hidup ikan kerapu hasil tangkapan nelayan. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Oktober 2022 bertempat di PPI dan pengepul Sumpang Binangae dengan cara mengambil gambar pada tiap ikan kerapu hasil tangkapan nelayan, kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan buku panduan identifikasi. Penentuan ukuran ikan dilakukan dengan metode RASIO ( Rapid Scaling on Object ) dengan mengestimasikan panjang tubuh ikan menggunakan spidol sebagai alat pembanding terhadap ukuran panjang ikan sebenarnya. Hasilnya, sebanyak 23 spesies kerapu teridentifikasi, yang didominasi oleh spesies Epinephelus areolatus (40,43%). Ikan yang sedikit ditangkap hanya 0,27% yaitu Cephalopholis spiloareae, E. faveatus dan E. heniochus. Kisaran ukuran terbesar ditemukan pada spesies E. coioides , sedangkan yang terkecil yakni C. boenak . Penangkapan ikan didominasi oleh ikan muda (74%), diikuti ikan dewasa (22%), dan juvenil (4%). Temuan ini memberikan informasi penting mengenai keragaman jenis ikan kerapu hasil tangkapan nelayan di Kabupaten Barru dan mendukung upaya pengelolaan perikanan yang berkelanjutan di wilayah tersebut
GROWTH OF Thalassiosira sp AND Chaetoceros sp. IN SCALE OF LABORATORY, INTERMEDIATE AND MASSAL
Full text linkThe availability of high-quality live feeds, such as Thalassiosira sp. and Chaetoceros sp., is a critical factor for the success of shrimp aquaculture; however, it is often constrained by fluctuations in growth performance and cell density at different production scales. This study aimed to identify the growth of Thalassiosira sp. and Chaetoceros sp. at laboratory, intermediate, and mass scales. The research was conducted using an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatments and three replications. The treatments were different microalgae species cultured at different production scales and compared. Cell density data and growth phases were analyzed statistically using SPSS. The results showed that Chaetoceros sp. had higher growth compared to Thalassiosira sp. The cell density range of Chaetoceros sp. was 1.1×10⁷ - 5.0×10⁷ cells/mL, while Thalassiosira sp. was 1.7×10⁶ - 5.2×10⁶ cells/mL. The growth rate of Chaetoceros sp. also reached the peak of the exponential phase faster at Day of Culture (DOC) 4 compared to Thalassiosira sp., which peaked at DOC 5. Water quality during the study across all production scales showed an optimal range for the growth of both microalgae species
MONITORING MANGROVE COVER DYNAMICS FOLLOWING SHRIMP POND EXPANSION USING NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) ANALYSIS IN BULAKSETRA, PANGANDARAN
Full text linkThe mangrove ecosystem along the coast of Bulaksetra, Pangandaran, West Java, plays a crucial role in mitigating potential tsunami disasters. However, over the last five years, the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem area has seen intensive operation of local shrimp ponds, which has negatively impacted the growth and health of the surrounding mangrove stands. This study aims to monitor the changes in mangrove cover from 2020 to 2024 within the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The methodology employed to determine the extent and condition of mangrove cover involves the analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) processed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results indicate significant habitat degradation within the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem, evidenced by a 96.94% loss of the Dense canopy class by 2024. This shift in density class is characterized by a transition from the Dense class to the Sparse (54.37%) and Moderate (42.58%) classes, accompanied by a 5.18% decrease in the total mangrove area. Conversely, the area occupied by shrimp ponds has continuously expanded, with a growth rate reaching 1.31 hectares per year. The expansion of shrimp ponds demonstrates a negative correlation with mangrove cover in the Bulaksetra mangrove area during the 2020 – 2024 period
Transformasi Model Bisnis Berbasis Business Model Canvas Pada PT Bintang Megah Jaya Perkasa Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Ekspor Perikanan
Full text linkPenurunan pendapatan yang dialami oleh PT Bintang Megah Jaya Perkasa (PT BMJP) sebagai konsekuensi dari implementasi regulasi ekspor baru mencerminkan urgensi untuk melakukan restrukturisasi model bisnis secara strategis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kelemahan struktural serta merancang transformasi model bisnis berbasis kerangka Business Model Canvas (BMC) yang lebih adaptif dan berdaya saing. Pendekatan BMC digunakan untuk menganalisis sembilan komponen utama model bisnis: mitra kunci, aktivitas kunci, proposisi nilai, hubungan pelanggan, segmen pelanggan, sumber daya kunci, saluran distribusi, struktur biaya, dan aliran pendapatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode kualitatif, mencakup wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, diskusi kelompok terfokus (FGD), serta telaah dokumentasi internal perusahaan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penyesuaian perlu difokuskan pada dimensi proposisi nilai, segmentasi pelanggan, dan strategi kemitraan. Perumusan strategi perbaikan mencakup penguatan hubungan pasokan dengan nelayan lokal, ekspansi pasar ke wilayah dengan permintaan tinggi seperti Jepang dan Malaysia, serta optimalisasi saluran digital. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan resiliensi dan daya saing PT BMJP, serta menawarkan pelajaran berharga yang dapat diadaptasi oleh pelaku usaha perikanan lainnya dalam merancang model bisnis yang tangguh dan responsif terhadap tantangan dinamis di pasar ekspor global. Title: Business Model Transformation Using the Business Model Canvas at PT Bintang Megah Jaya Perkasa to Enhance Export Competitiveness in the Fisheries SectorThe revenue decline experienced by PT Bintang Megah Jaya Perkasa (PT BMJP) following the enactment of new export regulations underscores the necessity for a strategic restructuring of its business model. This study aims to identify structural weaknesses and develop a more adaptive and competitive business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework. The BMC approach analyzes nine core components of business models: key partners, key activities, value propositions, customer relationships, customer segments, key resources, channels, cost structure, and revenue streams. A qualitative methodology was employed, incorporating in-depth interviews, direct observations, focus group discussions (FGDs), and internal document reviews. The analysis indicates that improvements are particularly needed in value propositions, customer segmentation, and partnership strategies. The proposed restructuring strategy includes strengthening supply partnerships with local fishers, expanding into high-demand markets such as Japan and Malaysia, and optimizing digital distribution channels. The findings contribute to enhancing the resilience and competitiveness of PT BMJP and offer valuable lessons that can be adopted by other fisheries enterprises in designing resilient and adaptive business models capable of addressing the evolving challenges of global export markets
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) AT DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES IN A POLYCULTURE SYSTEM WITH SEA GRAPE (Caulerpa sp.)
Full text linkThis study evaluated the growth performance, survival rate, and water quality improvement in a polyculture system integrating whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and sea grapes (Caulerpa sp.) with different shrimp stocking densities. This study employed a completely randomized design with three treatments, each at three levels of shrimp densities (15, 30, and 45 individuals per tank with a capacity of 0.06 m³), integrated with sea grape (50 g) for 60 days. During maintenance, shrimp were fed commercial feed, and no water changes were performed. The results showed that the highest shrimp growth and survival were obtained at a density of 15 individuals per tank, with growth rates of 6.54% day-1 and survival rates of 98% for the shrimp, resulting in optimal growth in Caulerpa sp. In contrast, a higher stocking density (45 individuals per tank) was associated with lower observed growth and survival rate of whiteleg shrimp throughout the culture period. Water quality showed favourable conditions for both, with pH levels (6.5–9.4), dissolved oxygen concentrations (5.0–8.2 mg L-1), and temperatures (26–38°C) within the optimal range. The polyculture system facilitated nutrient recycling, where shrimp waste was utilized by Caulerpa sp., effectively reducing nitrate and phosphate concentrations and preventing eutrophication in all treatments with increased stocking density. The conclusion of this study highlighted the potential of the polyculture system to improve ecological balance and productivity in aquaculture. Lower shrimp stocking densities resulted in high growth and survival, while integrating Caulerpa sp. contributed to environmental sustainability. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan perbaikan kualitas air dalam sistem polikultur yang mengintegrasikan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan anggur laut (Caulerpa sp.) dengan kepadatan tebar udang yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan, yaitu tiga tingkat kepadatan udang (15, 30, dan 45 ekor per wadah berkapasitas 0,06 m³), masing-masing diintegrasikan dengan anggur laut (50 g) selama 60 hari. Selama pemeliharaan, udang diberi pakan komersial dan tidak dilakukan pergantian air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang tertinggi diperoleh pada kepadatan 15 ekor per wadah, masing-masing sebesar 6,54% per hari dan 98%, serta menghasilkan pertumbuhan Caulerpa sp. yang optimal. Sebaliknya, kepadatan tebar yang lebih tinggi (45 ekor per wadah) menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname yang lebih rendah selama masa pemeliharaan. Kualitas air menunjukkan kondisi yang mendukung untuk keduanya, dengan pH (6,5–9,4), oksigen terlarut (5,0–8,2 mg L-1), dan suhu (26–38°C) berada dalam kisaran optimal. Sistem polikultur ini memfasilitasi daur ulang nutrien, di mana limbah udang dimanfaatkan oleh Caulerpa sp., secara efektif mengurangi konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat serta mencegah eutrofikasi pada semua perlakuan, bahkan dengan peningkatan kepadatan tebar. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menyoroti potensi sistem polikultur dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan ekologis dan produktivitas di bidang akuakultur. Kepadatan tebar udang yang rendah menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup yang tinggi, sementara integrasi dengan Caulerpa sp. berkontribusi terhadap keberlanjutan lingkungan
EFFECT OF DIETARY BANANA PSEUDO-STEM SIMPLICIA, COMMERCIAL VACCINE, AND THEIR COMBINATION ON THE GROWTH, HEALTH STATUS, AND IMMUNITY PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA AGAINST Aeromonas hydrophila
Full text linkThe sustainability of Nile tilapia production faces challenges from motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS), caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. The use of antibiotics to control MAS has negative impacts on aquatic environments and consumer health. As alternatives, plant-based treatments and vaccination have been increasingly applied to replace antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of banana pseudo-stem (BS), a commercial vaccine (CV), and their combination (BS+CV) on the growth, health status, and immune performance of Nile tilapia against A. hydrophila. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments: a negative control (C−), a positive control (C+), BS, CV, and BS+CV—each coated onto feed. Each treatment had three replications. Fish were reared in 36-L aquaria for 42 days to evaluate growth performance, followed by a challenge test with A. hydrophila on day 43. Survival was monitored for 14 days post-challenge. The highest growth performance was observed in the BS treatment compared to the other treatments. Meanwhile, survival rate (SR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not show significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments. After the challenge, survival rates in the BS (96.67%), CV (73.33%), and BS+CV (76.67%) groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the positive control group (50.00%). The BS group did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from the negative control group (100.00%). These findings indicate that BS, CV, and BS+CV enhance the immune response of Nile tilapia against A. hydrophila, with BS being the most effective in improving both growth and disease resistance
STUDY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF GMP AND SSOP OF YELLOWFIN SOLE (Limanda aspera) SANDWICH PRODUCTS AT PT BUMI MENARA INTERNUSA SURABAYA
Full text linkFish is a food source rich in nutritional value, yet highly perishable and susceptible to rapid quality deterioration. The aim of this research was to evaluate the implementation of GMP and SSOP in the processing of sandwich yellowfin sole products, and the basic feasibility of the fish processing unit at PT Bumi Menara Internusa Surabaya. This study used qualitative descriptive method through a gap analysis of the application of GMP, SSOP, and basic feasibility. The results showed that, according to the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 17 of 2019, the implementation of GMP and SSOP has been carried out effectively and met the required standards for basic feasibility, with no critical, serious, minor, or major findings, earning the Excellent (A) rating. The production process of frozen sandwich yellowfin sole at PT Bumi Menara Internusa Surabaya includes raw material receiving, thawing, weighing 1, washing 1, skinning, filleting, V cutting, trimming, bone and parasite control, washing 2, joining married portion, layering, IQF freezing, sorting and sizing, weighing 2, glazing, metal detecting, polybag packaging, MC packaging, weighing 3, frozen storage, and stuffing, all of which have effectively implemented the cold chain system, as demonstrated by the temperature observation table for the products, room, and water (good cold chain). The yield obtained after the skinning process of yellowfin sole was 90%