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Multi-environmental evaluation of wheat tetraploid genotypes for agronomic traits under rainfed conditions in Syria
Get PDFThis study was conducted at Homs, Al-Swaida and Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria during 2016/2017 season. Seven wheat genotypes were planted under rainfed conditions in randomized complete block design with three replications. Studied traits were days to maturity, plant height, number of grain per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 kernal weight and grain yield per plant to evaluate variance between genotypes and locations. Results showed existence of high variance between studied genotypes in all traits especially plant height. It resulted that genotype W45193 was significantly superior in grain yield per plant with an increasing rate of 69.62% comparing to control Sham 5. Also, it was significantly superior in spike numbers with an increasing rate of 53.53%, 57.24% compared to both controls Sham 3 and Sham 5, respectively. Genotype W45064 was significantly superior in grain weight per spike and 1000 kernal weight compare to both controls Sham 3 and Sham 5. W 45194 was significantly superior in 1000 kernal weight comparing to control Sham 5 (36.34, 31.16 g), respectively. Furthermore, all studied traits (except spike number per plant) were more significant in Tartous compare to both Homs and Al-Swaida
Development of a profused In vitro shoot multiplication using leaf explants of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell
Get PDFBacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell is an important medicinal plant used for the preparation of medhyarasayan (rasayana). Leaf explants of field grown young plants of B. monnieri was used to establish an efficient regeneration protocol with cytokinin (BAP) and auxin (IAA). The highest multiplication, i.e. (220 shoots/leaf, a cumulative of 2200 shoots from 10 explants) were noticed after 45 days of culture in MS medium supplemented with BAP(1.5mg/L) and IAA(0.5mg/L). The optimum concentration of growth regulator for shoot elongation and rooting was recorded in MS+GA3(0.25mg/L) and MS+IBA(1.5mg/L) respectively. The rooted plantlets were successfully established in green house conditions
First report on phytoplankton communities of Barishal City, Bangladesh
Get PDFPhytoplanktons, also called microalgae, are microscopic photosynthetic living organisms that generally found in aquatic environments. Although they are considered as the most important primary producers and bioindicators of aquatic ecosystems, there was no previous report found for Barishal City about these tiny organisms. Consequently, the present study selected 10 freshwater reservoirs from the city to investigate phytoplankton communities and listed 110 taxa under 4 phyla, 7 classes, 18 orders, 24 families and 49 genera. The distribution of Chlorophytes was abundant relatively in terms of species number (45 taxa) followed by Euglenophytes, Chlorophytes and Cyanophytes in this area. Only Euglenaceae possessed one-third of the total species of this report. Among all stations, the highest number of taxa was recorded from station 2 and according to nine biodiversity indices, the station 2 and 9 showed comparatively good results. All of the recorded taxa were previously mentioned by different authors from Bangladesh
What Motivates Teachers to Stay Faithful to the Teaching Profession?
Get PDFThis descriptive research inquired on the motivational factors that made teachers stay faithful to the teaching profession. There were 18 teacher–participants from the public and private basic education and secondary school of the City Schools of Dasmarinas. The qualitative part was done through triangulation and was participated by 18 teachers or significant others whose responses shed light on the prime question: ”what made teachers stay faithful to the teaching profession” asked through- narrative inquiry. However, in the journey of searching for the best motivational factors, some weak areas were discovered that paved the way to the formulation of an effective framework of analysis that would help address the not so strong points that hamper teaching effectiveness. Findings revealed that as to personal attributes, the teacher-participants served their schools for more than 6 years; working at their best always; recognition and prestige matters a lot for them; remuneration/ and other benefits were essential for them and equally important was, whatever they will be getting after retirement; with very satisfactory teaching performance; undoubtedly satisfied of the teaching profession, and did find teaching as a stable job. Conversely, there were some factors that teacher-participants were not so happy about and so the framework of analysis was formulated striking the balance between the strong and weak points. The framework has a universal C that stands for competence. C serves as the overall environment of the school with the strong motivational factors under its umbrella that must be sustained/fostered for the teachers to stay faithful to the teaching profession such as prestige and recognition; accountability and remuneration and other benefits. For the teacher-participants, these factors were all significant. The same factors motivated them to stay dedicated to the teaching profession. However, there were found motivational factors considered weak points that hamper teaching effectiveness and forwarded the following recommendations: (a) strengthen the policy on workload reduction and preparation time for learning materials hence, reduce stress; (b) provision for recreational activities that can foster greater camaraderie among employees; (c) provision for a more objective criteria on selection of teachers to participate in seminars funded by the school which must be related to the discipline they teach; (d) review seminar re-echo policy; offer strategic career development plans deemed needed for teachers’ continual improvement; and (e) provision for scholarships programs that can further enhance the potentials of teachers. Toward the end, this study hopes to open doors of improvement and encouragement that could add more flavor to the noblest profession
Fatty acid desaturases modulated octadecanoid pathway in Sesame
Get PDFOmega 3 fatty acid desaturases are involved in the production of α-linolenic acid (LNA) an essential omega 3 fatty acid, which is present in only traces in sesame seeds. LNA is the precursor for jasmonic acid which is the end product of octadecanoid pathway. This study was undertaken to analyze the key components of octadecanoid pathway and its relationship with fatty acid content in sesame. Fatty acid desaturation and membrane fluidity are modulated differentially in various stresses. Sesame seedlings were subjected to transient stress to analyse the octadecanoid pathway and its impact on fatty acid desaturation. The mRNA levels of omega 3 desaturases and LNA content were higher in cold stressed sesame seedlings than heat, drought and salinity stresses. The LOX activity and MDA content were higher in heat stressed sesame seedlings. Jasmonic acid content was higher in salinity stressed seedlings while abscisic acid registered the highest in drought stressed seedlings. Chloroplast fatty acid desaturase genes expression was found to increase the LNA content in cold stressed seedlings. The level of membrane damage measured by lipid peroxidation in terms of LOX activity and MDA content were found to be minimal in cold stressed seedling. This suggests a possible role of LNA in membrane fluidity and cold acclimation in sesame. A synergistic role of JA and ABA is also suspected in abiotic stress tolerance in sesame
Infectivity and management of dry rot, eye rot and soft rot of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Get PDFDry rot and eye rot of ginger are post-harvest infections noticed as caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. To investigate whether these pathogens cause damage to the crop only during the cropping period and then remain latent, or are purely post-harvest in nature, an experiment was undertaken by artificially inoculating the pathogens and comparing them with soft rot caused by Pythium myriotylum. The results of the study indicate that M. phaseolina could infect ginger plants during the cropping period and cause rhizome infection, manifested as yellowing of the pseudostem and the pathogen reside inside the rhizome and develop latent infection as dry rot during storage. The pathogen could be re-isolated and proved Koch’s postulates. However, none of the Fusarium challenged plants showed symptoms either manifested as yellowing or rotting of the pseudostem. In Macrophomina-challenged plants, the infection appeared only during the post-monsoon period that coincides with the yellowing of the leaves during maturity. This observation was supported by the occurrence of natural infection by Macrophomina in harvested fresh rhizomes during 2018 and manifested as scattered elongated streaks with black mycelia inside the rhizomes, which extended from the cut end to the tip. But Pythium inoculated plants succumbed to infection as rotting of the basal portion of the pseudostem and yellowing of the lower leaves. The intensity of infection varied from 0-63 per cent. In vitro testing of seven fungicides in four different concentrations showed that metalaxyl-Mz, copper oxychloride (COC), and mancozeb even at 500 ppm are not inhibitory to M. phaseolina. But carbendazim and carbendazim-mancozeb were highly effective, giving complete inhibition even at 50 ppm. In the case of P. myriotylum, metalaxyl-Mz, COC, and Bordeaux mixture showed >70 per cent inhibition at 500 ppm. Mancozeb alone at 500 ppm was not effective against Pythium. In planta evaluation was done with fungicides individually and in combinations along with a systemic insecticide, dimethoate. Most of these treatments resulted in reduction of Macrophomina infection, of which metalaxyl-Mz alone or in combination with carbendazim (0.2%) and dimethoate (0.05%) showed 100 per cent reduction in infection. Metalaxyl-Mz (0.125%) with dimethoate (0.05%) was highly effective in reducing the infection caused by P. myriotylum
Hybrid vigour and variability for key growth characters and yield in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Get PDFHybrid vigour and assessment of genetic variability for important growth characters and yield traits in cashew were studied in eight cashew hybrids.The analysis of variance for the phenotypic data for 12 characters revealed significant variation among the genotypes except for tree spread, flowering laterals per m2, non-flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio.The highest nut weight was observed in H-125 (12.07 g) whereas the lowest was in H-2452 (5.08 g).The maximum nut yield was noticed in hybrid H-126 with 5.96 kg tree-1 while NRCC Selection-2 recorded lowest with 0.53 kg tree-1. The standard heterosis over two checks, bold nut check (NRCC Sel-2) and high yielding check (Bhaskara) and variability parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were estimated. For nut weight, standard heterosis over bold nut check varied from -34.54 to 55.54 per cent and six out of eight hybrids viz., H-43, H-66, H-68, H-125, H-126 and H-2473 showed significant and positive standard heterosis. Standard heterosis over the high yielding check, varied from -38.93 to 300 per cent and it was significant and positive in two hybrids viz., H-126 and H-125 with 300 per cent and 214.09 per cent, respectively.The hybrid vigour was not significant for trunk girth, tree height, tree spread, number of flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio. Notably, five hybrids presented more than 20 per cent standard heterosis for nut weight over bold nut check which may serve as a useful source of breeding material. Two hybrids viz., H-125 and H-126 showed good hybrid vigour for nut weight and yield over two checks and thus have been inducted into multi-location trials and also under consideration for release
Discrimination of a selected set of turmeric, ginger, fenugreek and coriander varieties using ISSR markers
Get PDFDNA fingerprints are unique to individuals and can be used to identify individuals as in the case of conventional fingerprints. Plant DNA fingerprinting make use of various molecular markers for identifying newly released crop varieties and are all the more important in plant variety registration under the PPV&FR Act of 2001. The trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) and the convention on biological diversity (CBD) insist on the establishment of identity and ownership of genotypes for enforcement of their provisions for securing protection to plant varieties as well as for regulating access to germplasm resources. DNA fingerprints, along with morphological markers, can be efficiently utilized for plant varietal identification, detection of duplicates and adulterants. Here in this particular study, the spice samples received at the DNA fingerprinting facility (DNAFF) of ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research (ICAR-IISR) from various centres of All India Coordinated Project on Spices (AICRPS) were DNA fingerprinted using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The DNA profile of a candidate variety vis-a-vis check variety is an essential prerequisite during submission of proposal for release of crop variety to central sub-committee on crop standards notification and release of varieties. The new varieties of turmeric, ginger, coriander and fenugreek were compared with the closely resembling check varieties for establishing distinctness for varietal registration. A total of 118 ISSR primers were screened in the above-given crops, to identify the distinct markers identifying the candidate from the check varieties. Using this technique, the DNAFF at ICAR-IISR could facilitate registration of turmeric varieties, Roma, Rasmi and Suroma; ginger varieties Suruchi, Suravi and Suprabha; coriander varieties, Suguna, Susthira and Suruchi, while varieties of turmeric, Uttara Rupanjana and Uttara Ranjini; fenugreek variety Ajmer fenugreek (AFg-5); coriander varieties Ajmer coriander (ACr-2) and Chhattisgarh Shri Chandra Hasini dhaniya-2 (ICS-4) are in the process of getting registration. ISSR markers were found to be appropriate for establishing distinctness of the new varieties of spices for securing varietal registration