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Marketing of sweet jelly seeds of palmyra fruit: A study covering the tribal region of South Gujarat, India
No full textPalmyra is a naturally occurring vegetation in Gujarat’s southern region, spread randomly overall soil and land types. The major produce utilized from palmyra palm for a livelihood by the tribal community, contributing considerably to their income, is through sales of the immature soft jelly seed nuts of the fruit called “galeli”. The present investigation was carried out to study the marketing cost, margin, and price spread in galeli marketing. Primary data for the period initiating from 2015-16 to 2017-18 were pooled from 50 palmyra palm growers selected randomly representing five tribal villages of Mahua taluka of Surat district in the South Gujarat region. Two marketing channels viz., Channel-I: producer-consumer and Channel-II: producer - retailer - consumer were observed, and the marketing cost incurred on galeli marketing in these channels was worked out, which was `51.64 and 33.94 per hundred galeli, respectively. The highest producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was worked out in channel-I. The study showed that the major constraint faced by 78 per cent of the palmyra palm growers in the marketing of galeli was the poor functioning of the climber equipment and non-remunerative prices for galeli in the local market
Concurrent emergence of exotic whitefly incursions on arecanut (Areca catechu L.) in India
Get PDFField incidence of exotic whitefly complex comprising two Neotropical nesting whiteflies viz., Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi and Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino, in association with invasive rugose spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin and native areca whitefly, Aleurocanthus arecae David & Manjunatha, on arecanut was reported from Karnataka, India during 2020. These arecanut palms were previously infested by A. arecae which was earlier reported from Karnataka during 2003. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the infestation of P. bondari and P. minei on arecanut as highlighted in this current investigation. Morphological identification based on pupal taxonomy and male genitalia as well as molecular characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene confirmed the identity of nesting whiteflies. The Bondar’s nesting whitefly, P. bondari is the most predominant whitefly species with 87.5 per cent active colonies followed by the nesting whitefly, P. minei (13.64%) and the rugose spiralling whitefly, A. rugioperculatus (6.25%). Co-occurrence of these three non-native whitefly species on arecanut in synergy with the native A. arecae indicates a kind of competitive regulation of one species over the other upsetting biodiversity. Due to the polyphagous nature of the pest coupled with increased trade and transport in a climate change scenario, this whitefly complex may become a serious threat to arecanut production in India and elsewhere. This requires strict quarantine protocols to avert its spread to other arecanut growing areas
Incorporation of coconut milk residue in pasta: Influence on cooking quality, sensory and physical properties
Get PDFA study was conducted to explore the potentiality of coconut milk residue (CMR) for cold extrusion (pasta preparation). Proximate analysis revealed that coconut milk residue is a rich source of crude fibre (24.03%) in addition to crude fat (41.55%), crude protein (5%), total carbohydrates (26.24%) and ash content (0.97%) at 2.23 per cent moisture. The effect of coconut milk residue upon replacing durum wheat semolina on cooking qualities, colour parameters, textural property and overall sensory acceptability of pasta samples were evaluated. Incorporation of coconut milk residue significantly influenced the observed parameters (P<0.01). Cooking time was unaffected by incorporating milk residue up to 10 per cent (P<0.05). Though the addition of residue increased the gruel loss (0.84 to 1.34%), the per cent loss was below the technologically acceptable limit (<8%). A similar effect was visualized in water absorption. Conversely, the firmness gets reduced with an increased concentration of coconut milk residue beyond 10 per cent. Pasta with 5 per cent and 10 per cent coconut milk residue were accepted as that of control by the sensory panel. Free fatty acid content was not affected by the period of storage (P>0.05). Thus, the study recommends incorporating 10 per cent coconut milk residue in durum wheat semolina for pasta preparation. Moreover, the entrepreneurs engaged in the coconut milk/milk powder and virgin coconut oil industry would be benefitted by adopting this venture, wherein they would be able to fetch huge additional income by placing their residue product on an upgraded fast-moving consumer good (FMCG) value chain
Soil fertility, system productivity and economic viability of coconut based high density multi species cropping system in Tamil Nadu, India
Get PDFMonocropping of coconut is no longer viable in the context of price aberrations of copra, debilitating pests and dreadful diseases and intercropping turned out to be an inevitable venture. A research experiment was pursued at the AICRP (Palms) centre, Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar, Tamil Nadu, India during 2013-18 to assess the impact of coconut based High Density Multi Species Cropping System (HDMSCS) with cocoa (CCRP accessions), banana (var. Nendran) and pineapple (var. Kew), on soil fertility, system productivity and economic viability. The experiment was conducted in a sandy clay loam soil taxonomically classified as Typic Haplustepts. Four treatments viz., T1: 75 per cent recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) as chemical fertilizers 25 per cent RDN through organic recycling with vermicompost, vermiwash application, biofertilizer application and green manuring with gliricidia loppings; T2: 50 per cent RDN as chemical fertilizers with 50 per cent RDN through organic sources, T3: 100 per cent RDN through organic sources and T4: sole chemical fertilization were imposed in blocks comprising of 25 coconut palms per block. Results revealed that integration of 75 per cent recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) through chemical fertilizers and 25 per cent through organic sources (T1) resulted in increased nut yield of coconut, dry bean yield of cocoa and fruit yield of banana and pineapple. Nut yield was conspicuously lower in monocropping compared to HDMSCS. Soil organic carbon (SOC), earthworm count and microbial population were higher in the treatment, which received 100 per cent RDN through organic sources (T3). Net Returns, B: C ratio and employment generation potential were higher in HDMSCS than coconut monoculture. Partitioning of the recommended dose of nutrients through 75 per cent chemical fertilizers and 25 per cent organic manures for coconut based high density multi species cropping integrated with cocoa, banana and pineapple paved the way for enhanced soil fertility, system productivity, profitability and sustainability of coconut system in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Optimum planting date for the maximum tuber yield of tropical sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes in the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain
No full textPlanting dates for a crop is a non-monetary input but plays a significant role in increasing the yield crop. Therefore, identifying genotype-specific planting dates is essential for obtaining the economic yield of tropical sugar beet. From this perspective, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University in Bangladesh, from November 2015 to April 2016. Five sugar beet genotypes: Shubhra, Cauvery, EB-0616, EB-0626, and EB-0809 planted on four dates: 10, 20, 30 November, and 10 December. Treatments were laid out in a split-plot design replicated three times. Data revealed that planting on 10 November date, genotype EB-0809 produced the highest tuber yield, which was significantly superior to any other genotype combined with other planting dates. It was found that every ten days delay of planting from 10 November to 30 December reduced the tuber yield by 30, 43, and 55%, respectively. Results confirmed that planting the EB-0809 genotype on 10 November is ideal to obtain the highest tuber yield of tropical sugar beet in Bangladesh
The nexus of energy resources and the environment
Get PDFCurrently, every country is striving to realize development for its people. Thus, to achieve this there is a need for ensuring access to reliable energy at all levels. The world is currently relying on the use of non-renewable energy such as fuels, and coal. However, these sources are not environmental friendly. Thus, renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar energy, geothermal, and biofuels must be emphasized to replace the use of non-renewable energies. People need to understand well the relationship between energy resources and the environment. This paper, therefore, aims at providing the nexus of energy resources and the environment. To achieve this, the author has explained well the concept of energy and energy resources; energy uses and energy efficiency and energy security. Moreover, the author has discussed the impact of energy resources on the environment. Finally, energy savings and practices to best energy use; use of technologies to reduce the pollutant emissions in the atmosphere; and investment in renewable technologies are needed for attaining sustainable energy and environment
Verification of phosphorus critical level for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Kofole District of West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFVerification of phosphorus critical level for bread wheat was conducted in Kofole District in 2019 cropping season with the objectives to verify phosphorus critical (Pc) level and determined during soil test crop response based phosphorus fertilizer calibration and to create awareness on soil test crop response based fertilizer recommendation. Composite soil samples at the depth of 0-20 cm in the zigzag method were collected from 10 farmers’ fields for Eutric Vertisols. Likewise, soil samples analyses were made to identify available P in the level of the required phosphorus in the select crop fields for the actual experiment. The treatments included (1) soil test based phosphorus calibration result; (2) farmers’ practice in the area which was assessed by the surrounding farmers’ and (3) no fertilizer application (control) and each treatment was planted on 10*10m experimental plot & the design was randomized complete block design replicated over farmers. Bread wheat, Ogolcho variety, was used with seed rate of 150 kg ha-1and other cultural practices such as weed and rust management were used from which had been recommended for the area. The partial budget analysis showed that the highest net income (71630.48 ETB) was from the soil test based recommended and the lowest net benefit (44378.55 Birr ha-1) was obtained from control treatment with a marginal rate of return (653.38%) which is greater than the minimum rate of return (MRR) 100%. The result showed that the average grain yield of 4745 kg ha-1 was obtained from the application of soil test based phosphorus calibration (Pc and Pf) followed by blanket recommendation (3853 kg ha-1) and 2778 kg ha-1 for the control treatment. The recommended N rate, 69 kg N ha-1 with soil test based phosphorus critical level gave a 58.54% grain yield advantage over the control. In general, soil test and crop response based fertilizer recommendation for crops increases crop yields through the application of adequate nutrient rates for the identified soil nutrient deficiencies in specific locations
Indoor phytoremediation using decorative plants: An overview of application principles
Get PDFA healthy and sustainable indoor space was one of the goals of a building, which was an important concern of architects in designing and using it. Design arrangements can be approached physically, such as the use of air vents, lighting, and layout arrangements. However, now the paradigm of using a natural approach has been intensive. In this regard, this paper focuses on the greening of indoor spaces, both for the prevention and restoration of indoor room quality. The study methodology was a survey of existing research results in many countries, and a selection of up-to-date, current data. The results of the literature research obtained are related to the purpose of indoor greening, which is none other than to achieve the goal of green building. Its main target was biodiversity in the prevention of negative health effects and indoor phytoremediation
Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and biological activity of synthesized Silver and Rajat Bhasma nanoparticles using Clerodendrum inerme
Get PDFBhasmais Metallo-medicine and made from metals and minerals. Rajatbhasma or Silver Bhasma belongs to a group of nanoparticles that have medicinal values and are used in Ayurveda as Drugs against various ailments. Clerodendrum inermea traditionally well-accepted plant is used extensivelyin ayurvedic therapeutic formulations, but till date no major steps have been carried out to validate the scientific relevance of synthesized nanoparticles from Rajatbhasma using C. inerme. Therefore, in the present study biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FESEM and EDX analysis whereas, a comparative study has also been made to check the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver and rajatbhasma nanoparticle. The SEM and FESEM analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are well shaped and the average particle size ranges between 30–90 nm and 10-50 nm respectively. In the case of EDX analysis, the highest peak at ~3Kev in the case of synthesized silver and rajatbhasma nanoparticle supports the formation of silver nanoparticles. Subsequently, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the synthesized nanoparticles showed excellent results when compared to the standard. The obtained results may provide support in the field of therapeutics and drug delivery and might prove beneficial as a novel drug candidate against bacterial infection in the future
Morphological, anatomical and preliminary phytochemical characterization of Buddleja madagascariensis Lam.
Get PDFBuddleja madagascariensis Lam. is a perennial invasive shrub distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The present study was conducted on morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characterization of Buddleja madagascariensis and the results revealed that plant height varied from about 188-191 cm, and the whole plant was covered with trichome which may be glandular and eglandular and unicellular or, multicellular. Inflorescence was terminal and axillary in position, thyrsoid panicle. Anatomical and histo-chemical studies of the transverse section of various parts of the plant revealed the presence of steller tissues, starch in cortical and pith region. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins. But alkaloids, glycosides and free amino acids were absent. Thus, characterization of plants on the basis of these parameters could be used as tools to distinguish the crude drugs of plants from adulterants, used in the preparation of traditional medicines and used as diagnostic keys. Also, it is useful in the future for revealing the importance of plants and phytochemical resources for the conservation of resources