Update Publishing (E-Journals)
Not a member yet
5528 research outputs found
Sort by
Prevalence of insect pests in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) and evaluation of bio-rationals for the management of major pests under organic agro-ecosystem of Sikkim: Bio-rationals for the management of major pests of large cardamom
No full textLarge cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is one of the important cash crops of Sikkim and Darjeeling areas of West Bengal. In this study, a fixed plot survey on insect pests of large cardamom was conducted and found that stem borer (Glyphipterix spp., Lepidoptera: Glyphiperidae), shoot fly (Merochlotops dimorphus Cherian, Diptera: Chlororpidae), leaf eating caterpillar (Artona chorista Jordon, Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, Hemiptera: Miridae) are the major pests of the crop. Eco-friendly organic treatments like neem-based oil, petroleum-derived horticultural oil, spinosad and different formulations of entomopathogens were tested against these major insects. Among all, application of spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml L-1 was found effective followed by neem-based oil (Azadirachtin 0.15% EC) 1500 ppm @ 3 ml L-1 at three different time intervals (first application in February-March, second application in June-July and third application in October-November) against all insects. Moreover, entomopathogenic bio-control agents (Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 ml L-1, Metarhizium anisopliae@ 5 ml L-1 and Beauveria bassiana @ 5 ml L-1) were on par with neem-based oil for the management of stem borer. Considering the economic importance of the crop and absence of valid technology for management of insect pests in large cardamom through organic options, application of either of them could be helpful in organic management of insect pests in Sikkim
Incidence and severity of major diseases of coffee in highland of eastern Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study was conducted with the objective to assess the incidence and severity of coffee berry disease (CBD) and coffee leaf rust (CLR) in the highland of Eastern Ethiopia. In the east Hararge Zone of Eastern Ethiopia, coffee was grown by 331,651 holders on 7,584 ha with a production output of 3,722 tons and a yield of 0.5 ton/ha in 2017. Bedeno is the leading coffee producer district in the Zone followed by Melka-ballo, Deder and Meta districts. In Bedeno, coffee is mainly grown in altitudes ranging from 1690 to 2260 masl. Coffeeberry disease and leaf rust are the two major diseases of coffee in the area. A total of 34 representative coffee farms at nine study sites (3-4 coffee farms at the interval of 3-5 kilometers) were selected through discussion with Bedeno district’s coffee experts. The study sites were selected using sequential sampling techniques through discussions with the district’s coffee experts. Incidence of coffee berry disease and leaf rust was determined as percentage of diseased trees. Disease severity was determined as percentage of diseased coffee berries per plot. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study revealed the incidence of CBD in Bedeno district ranged from 30.0 to 93.3% with a mean of 70.19%. The severity of the CBD was from 13.3% to 44.4% with an average severity of 28.53%. Both incidence and severity of CBD were high at Barkalle followed by Barakat and Hindhessa areas. On the other hand, the incidence of coffee leaf rust varied from 18.9 to 87.4% with a mean of 52.7%. The high mean incidence of CLR at highland areas of eastern Ethiopia is clear evidence for the occurrence of climate change in the area. Hence, it is advisable to introduce improved coffee varieties that are resistant to coffee berry disease and leaf rust for production in the area. Training farmers to implement proper cultural disease management practices such as prunning and sucker management will also help alleviate the constraint
Radioprotection by curcumin: A mini review: Radioprotection – Curcumin
No full textIonizing radiations are detrimental to the biological system. Exposure to ionizing radiations results in many chronic diseases including cancer. It may cause dysfunctions to almost all organs of the body depending on the total dose, duration and site of irradiation. Apart from its bad effect, radiotherapy is now extensively used for the treatment of several kinds of cancers. Still, the key disadvantage in the procedure is that normal cell, in the surrounding area of the tumor, also receiving radiation doses similar to the tumor, leads to undesirable side effects and risk to patients. Curcumin has been found to protect harmful effects of ionizing radiation. So, it can be beneficial during radiotherapy of cancer. Curcumin helps to kill tumor cells effectively by enhancing the effect of radiation. It also protects normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation. Pre clinical studies are expected to lead to clinical trials to prove the potential of this age-old golden spice for treating cancer patients. This review summarizes the protective effect of curcumin against harmful radiations
Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on ginger productivity: Foliar application of micronutrient on ginger productivity
No full textGinger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) is cultivated in different agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Correction of deficiency of nutrients through foliar application of micronutrients is imperative to maintain the growth and development of the crop. Hence, large scale demonstrations were conducted and the impact analysis of crop specific ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode-micronutrient formulation (released as “Ginger Special”) on productivity and profitability of ginger in Southern Transitional Zone of Karnataka was carried out during 2016- 19 by involving 429 farmers in an area of 133.20 ha. Foliar application of ginger special (5 gl-1), 45 days after planting up to six months at an interval of 45 days showed significant increase in fresh yield (23.94 t ha-1), higher returns ha-1 (Rs.9,80,300) and higher BCR (2.89). The test farmers who used ginger special obtained a mean additional fresh yield (2.44 t ha-1), additional return (Rs. 99,500 ha-1) besides providing additional employment to the farm workers (12 ha-1). Use of ginger special, created a good impact on productivity and profitability of ginger cultivation and the technology has spread in an area of 500 ha in Shivamogga district of Karnataka
Effect of boron on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under center pivot sprinkler irrigation system in the West Desert of Iraq
Get PDFTwo field experiments were conducted under field conditions under a sprinkler irrigation system in the West desert of Iraq, Al-Qaim Area, 400 km west of Baghdad. Underground water was used as a source of irrigation water to study the effect of different rates and different times of boron application on wheat cv. Ibaa99. RCBD with five treatments and three replications was used in this study. Boron dose was 2 kg/ha for soil application method and 0.30 kg/ha for foliar application method. Boron treatments were: 0 (control T1), 2 kg B ha-1 at sowing time (T2), 2 kg B ha-1 at 30 days after sowing (T3), 0.3 kg B ha-1 foliar application at 60 days after sowing (T4) and 0.3 kg B ha-1 for foliar application at 90 days after sowing (T5). Most boron treatments gave a significant increase as compared with control in morphological, physiological and productivity characters of wheat crop. The results revealed that B application treatment at 30 days after sowing time increased significantly the 1000 grains weight (17.6%) while T5 treatment increased significantly the chlorophyll content (12.41%) over control. In most cases, B application treatment at 60 days after sowing time showed the best results and increased significantly the plant height (5.24%), leaf area (9.18%), number of grains spike-1 (30.9 %), number of spike m-2 (18.8%), spike length (65.6%), Grains yield (34.6%) over control. There was evidence that the best dose of boron was 0.3 kg B ha-1 and the best time of B application to the foliage was at 60 days after sowing
Assessment phenotypic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes by multivariate analysis
Get PDFAn efficient way to achieve superior productivity is to determine the genetic variation of the various rice genotypes. This research was aimed at estimating potential variations between rice genotypes and identifying each trait contribution in total variation and classifying superior genotypes. The experiment was performed at the Rice Research and Training Centre, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheik, Egypt. Twenty-two genotypes of rice were analyzed using seven agronomic traits. Multivariate approaches were utilized including principal components and cluster analysis. Results showed that PC1 and PC2 represented 66.1% of the variation between studied genotypes, mainly 48% because of grain yield per plant variation in PC1 followed by the characteristics of its components i.e., number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. The three Egyptian rice genotypes Giza 181, Giza 178, and Giza 177 were the best genotypes for grain yield. Cluster results revealed that the majority of genotypes originated from one source (except for Indian variety IET1444) or belonged to one classification were clustered together. Multivariate analytical approaches are ideal instruments for providing information on agronomic character variations. Consequently, the results of the current study should be taken into account when developing new rice varieties.
 
Dual-purpose ability of barley and wheat at drought and heat stress conditions
Get PDFDual-purpose barley and wheat production is a valuable resource to fill feed gaps and grain production, but availability at drought and heat stress conditions is still not clearly studied. Two experiments were conducted at semi-controlled green house to determine biomass production at vegetative stages, chlorophyll content and grain yield. Experiment 1 consists of four clipping treatments on wheat, i.e. one, two, three times clipping and un-clipping control. Experiment 2 combined two clipping treatments (one clipping and un-clipping) and two levels of water (low: 40 % of field capacity; normal: 85 % of field capacity) on barley. Wheat grain yield was severely affected by increasing clipping number under heat stress. Total biomass at one clipping was the same level as control treatment. Although physiological maturity was delayed 8 days from control to 3 times clipping application, biomass and yield remained below the control application due to shrinkage in plant height and other organs size. Clipping and water levels at barley significantly impacted biomass and plant height, but all traits were not related by interactions clipping x water level. The clipping application in heat stress reduced total biomass by 21.3 and 30.4 % in well-watered and dry conditions, respectively. Contrary to what is expected, it seems clear to obtain satisfactory forage and grain yield by optimizing the management technique, growing in dual-purpose production in wheat and barley in warm environments
In vitro salt tolerance induced secondary metabolites production in Abrus precatorius L.
Get PDFThe white seeded Abrus precatorius L. is an important herbaceous medicinal plant with broad range of therapeutic effects. In the present study, the internode was selected as explant for in vitro salt tolerance analysis. For callus induction, MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of BAP, KIN and IBA were used. Better callus Fresh Weight and Dry Weight observed on MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5mg/l and KIN 1mg/l. To detect the in vitro salt tolerance potential of calli, NaCl at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mM) were supplemented on MS+BAP0.5mg/l+KIN1mg/l of which 40mM NaCl induced better callus proliferation. The callus grown without NaCl stress showed the presence of eight phytochemical compounds in GC-MS analysis. While the NaCl stress tolerant callus exhibited the presence of seventeen phytochemical compounds. All these analyzed compounds were with antimicrobial / anti-oxidant properties. The present work will be very much helpful to ameliorate the production of medicinally significant compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.
GC-MS and FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.
Get PDFThe current analysis was carried out to determine the chemical components in the leaves of R. minima (L.) DC. The GC-MS analysis of methanolic leaves extract of R. Minima indicated the presence of 19 compounds. The prevailing compounds of R. minima leaves were 1Pentadecene (14.31), alpha. Bisabolol (10.39%), 1Heptadecene (9.78%), Cyclohexene,4 (1,5dimethyl1,4hexadienyl (7.06%), 3Hexadecene (Z) (8.10%), Caryophyllene (6.58%), Neophytadiene (5.16%), Humulene (1.91%), Naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8 a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl (3.72%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (2.09%), Pentadecanone (3.13%), 8-Octadecanone (4.02%),1-Nonadecene (4.16%), Spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one,1,7-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl (2.97%), Neophytadiene (2.24%),(E)-. beta.-Famesene (1.92%), Cyclohexene,4-[(1E)-1,5-dimethyl-1,4-hexadien (1.80%), Cyclohexane,octyl (1.45%), beta Bisabolene (9.21%). These compounds have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hemolytic, insecticidal, and lubricant activity. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) leaf anlysis of R. minima shows lipid, protein, phosphate ion, carboxylic acid, hydroxy compound, aliphatic bromo compounds. The present study revealed that R. minima leaves represent various types of bioactive compounds. 1-Heptadecene with antibiotic activity, 8-Octadecanone shows antimicrobial activity and hexadecanoic acid, nematicide, antibiotic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic production of methyl ester
Anatomical studies on the leaf and stem of Tinospora formanii Udayan & Pradeep (Menispermaceae), an endemic species to Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Get PDFThe anatomical studies on leaf and stem of T. formanii Udayan & Pradeep an endemic species to southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India was carried out focusing on its macroscopic, microscopic, maceration along with organoleptic evaluation. Distinguishing characters of the stem revealed the presence of calcium oxalate crystals, simple and compound starch grains and pitted lignified fibers. Leaf anatomy showed the anomocytic and paracytic stomata, pitted lignified fibers, spiral vessels, non-glandular small trichomes, C or half-moon shaped vascular bundle, surrounded with sclerenchymatous tissues and rosette and prism shaped calcium oxalate crystals. Whereas, maceration studies revealed the presence of spiral and scalar form vessel, fibers, calcium oxalate crystals, simple starch grains. These anatomical studies are vital in the present-day trade scenario not only helpful in the proper identification of the genuine materials in use but also to distinguish different species of Tinospora, where the stem and leaf are often admixed with other species of Tinospora in the crude drug markets