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Hybrid evaluation for yield and yield attributes in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) during monsoon season
Get PDFThe present investigation aimed to evaluate Okra hybrids for growth and yield characteristics during the monsoon season in the dry and humid regions of Telangana. The experiment was conducted under augmented design with nineteen numbers of checks over 335 okra hybrids. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the traits under adjusted and unadjusted treatment effect and moreover checks also, except the number of days for flowering. The comparative mean performance deduced the hybrids like 21A014, 21A046, 21A064, 21A077, 21A079, 21A095, 21A112, 21A121, 21A181, 21A235, 21A252 and Check-12 has performed well under monsoon condition for various characters. The genetic parameter revealed that the traits like number of branches, stem internode distance (cm), average fruit weight (g), seed count, yield per plant (g/plant) and yield per hectare (t/ha) resulted in moderate Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV), Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), with high broad sense heritability coupled with high Genetic Advance over Mean (GAM). The selected hybrids can be potentially evaluated for the summer season in various locations for yield prospective and viral tolerance
Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) based intercropping for higher system productivity of semiarid tropics of Northern Karnataka: Ajwain based intercropping
No full textField trials were executed at the University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka during the kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to study the growth and productivity of ajwain and leafy vegetables under intercropping system including economic profitability of such cropping systems in Northern Karnataka. The experiments were carried out with thirteen treatments comprising sole ajwain and sole crops of leafy vegetables (fenugreek, coriander, dill and amaranthus) and various combinations of ajwain and leafy vegetables in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios adopting randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the sole crop of ajwain exhibited superior growth and yield. However, in intercropping systems, the combination of ajwain and coriander at a 1:1 ratio demonstrated the highest growth and yield parameters. The sole crop of ajwain recorded the maximum plant height (84.64 and 84.55 cm), number of branches per plant (52.38 and 52.19), number of umbels per plant (166.54 and 164.93), number of umbellate per umbel (12.44 and 12.34), and seed yield (12.95, 12.88 q ha-1 during both the years, respectively). This performance was comparable to intercropping with ajwain + coriander (1:1). Sole crops of fenugreek, coriander, dill, and amaranthus yielded higher fresh market yields compared to different intercropping systems. Notably, growing ajwain as an intercrop with coriander at a (1:1) resulted in a significantly higher land equivalent ratio (1.61) and a higher benefit–cost ratio (2.99) followed by ajwain + fenugreek (1:1) (2.98)
Monitoring of crop water consumption changing based on remotely sensed data and techniques in North Sinai, Egypt
Get PDFThis paper aims to approximate and verify crop water use based on satellite results. Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used as the critical parameters derived from NOAA/AVHRR and landsat8 satellite data. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was determined using FAO-Penman-Monteith (FPM) agrometeorological data as a standard process. Based on data from remote sensing, the ETo was calculated based on the Hargreaves (Har) process. ETo-FPM has been used to calibrate ETo-Har under the same conditions for five years (2002-2006). Landsat8 data was obtained on 25 June 2013 and 28 June 2014 and used to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) based on satellite data (Kc-Sat). The LST was used to predict the maximum, minimum, and mean Tair (oC) levels in June 2013 and 2014. ETo was calculated using the expected maximum, minimum, and mean Tair according to the Har method and was used with Kc-Sat to estimate ETc-Har. ETo-FPM is used to measure ETc-FPM with Kc-Sat. LST and NDVI have been used to measure the Water Deficiency Index (WDI). WDI incorporated ETc to measure the actual evapotranspiration of the crop (ETa). ETa-FPM was used for the evaluation of ETa-Har. The relationship between ETa-FPM and ETa-Har was high, where R2 was 0.99 in 2013 and 2014. ETa determined by Hargreaves based on remotely sensed data was overestimated at about 0.8 (mm/day) compared to the FPM process
Eucalyptus and spearmint oils inhibit the biological activity of lesser grain borer and red flour beetles
Get PDFThe objective of this investigation was to assess the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils derived from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) against two species of stored-product insects. The process of Clevenger-type water distillation was employed to extract essential oils from two distinct plant species. Subsequently, the insecticidal properties of these oils were evaluated against specimens of the American wheat weevil (Rhyzopertha dominica) and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), belonging to the Coleoptera: Bostrichidae and Tenebrionidae families, respectively. Eucalyptus oil exhibited the highest level of inhibition of insects’ reproduction. Still, when tested on adults of both types of insects, eucalyptus and spearmint oils were more effective than the control treatment. A complete inhibition of egg-laying activity (100%) was achieved using a 7% concentration of eucalyptus oil. The trials were done within controlled laboratory settings, with a notable absence of tests conducted under authentic operational conditions. Researchers who want to learn more about using essential oils as insecticides in the future should focus on making pesticide formulations that work well in a wide range of production settings
First report of Brachymeria apicicornis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) on the curry leaf tortoise beetle Silana farinosa (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Cassidini)
Get PDFAbstract. Silana farinosa (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Cassidini) is reported as the first confirmed host of Brachymeria apicicornis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). This is the first report of a natural enemy of the curry leaf tortoise beetle S. farinosa in India
Performance of coconut hybrids and varieties in the East coast of Andhra Pradesh
Get PDFCoconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the plantation crops with more life span, so suitability of a variety or hybrid for particular region may improve the productivity of the coconut. An experiment was carried out with seven hybrids and two varieties viz. Chandra Sankara (COD × WCT), Chandra Laksha (LCT x COD), VHC1 (ECT × MGD), VHC-2 (ECT × MYD), Kera Ganga (WCT × GBGD), Laksha Ganga (LCT × GBGD), Godavari Ganga (ECT x GBGD), Kera Chandra (Double Century) and Chandra Kalpa at Dr.YSRHUHorticultural Research Station, Ambajipeta, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema Dist., Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was initiated in 2002, in Randomized Block Design in three replicated blocks. The compiled data for six years (2015- 2021) revealed that, Godavari Ganga recorded significantly highest nut yield /palm/year (144.40 nuts) followed by VHC-2 (134.93 nuts) and Kera Ganga (133.33 nuts). Godavari Ganga recorded maximum copra yield of 3.20 t/ha and oil yield of 2.20 t/ha. Tender nut water quantity was recorded more (322.5 mL) in VHC-2 and Godavari Ganga. Due to its superior nut, copra and oil yield, Godavari Ganga and VHC-2 can be recommended for cultivation Andhra Pradesh
Floral biology insights into essential oil yield and chemical composition in davana (Artemisia pallens Bess), a high-value aromatic plant of India: Floral biology of davana
No full textFloral organs are identified as the major source of essential oil production in some prime aromatic plants. The quality and quantity of the essential oil are also influenced by the floral developmental stages. The present study was undertaken in A. pallens Bess (davana) with respect to its floral biology and floral sequence in relation to the essential oil yield and its chemical constituents for industrial extraction. The findings revealed that floral (inflorescence) biomass is the primary source of essential oil yield in davana, with the highest oil yield (0.90 ml/100 g) recovered during the blooming stage, followed by herbage (stems and leaves) biomass. Furthermore, cis-davanone, the major chemical constituent of davana essential oil, was recorded at a higher percentage in the bud stage (66.36±0.60%) followed by the blooming stage (60.56±0.20%) and the seed setting stage (40.54±0.80%). These findings can be used to optimize harvest timing in order to obtain higher quality and quantity of davana essential oil
Performance of African marigold (Tagetes errecta) cultivars for vegetative, flower and chemical traits at different locations of Ethiopia
Get PDFDespite the African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is one of the most commercially exploited flower and medicinal crops in the world and have received great attention in scientific research in the recent past, the plant has never been tested under Ethiopian condition for its agronomic and chemical traits. Thus, the present study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the growth, yield and quality attributes of three introduced African marigold cultivars. The experiments were conducted at six locations in Ethiopia using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on vegetative growth, flower characteristics, inflorescence yield, and xanthophyll content were collected and statistically tested. Significant variation (P < 0.01) was observed among cultivars across the tested locations for all the studied parameters. Overall higher values of plant height (65.48 cm), branch number plant-1 (89.09), inflorescence number plant-1 (76.89), inflorescence weight (25.48 g), inflorescence yield plant-1 (560.77 g) and inflorescence yield ha-1 (18 t) were obtained in AVT001 cultivar and flower xanthophyll content (27.6 mg g-1) in AVT540 cultivar; while lowest values were rerecorded for all characters in Hewoyde cultivar. Inflorescence yield ha-1 was found positively and significantly correlated with all parameters except xanthophyll content. Xanthophyll content was found positively and significantly correlated with flower weight. As the cultivars AVT001 and AVT540 are adapted very well and gave comparable and/or higher yields with the other marigold growing countries, the two cultivars can be recommended for commercial cultivation of their inflorescence and extracted pigments in Ethiopia
Exploration for analysis of medicinal foods used to manage dyslipidaemia in Sri Lankan traditional medicine
Get PDFThe medicinal foods used to manage non-communicable diseases in Sri Lankan traditional medicine are slowly but steadily disappearing from the country due to many reasons. This study is the first stage of the research project aimed to explore and analyze the medicinal foods used to manage dyslipidaemia in traditional medical practices of Sri Lanka. A qualitative study covering the whole island was conducted cross-sectionally, supplemented by a document review including ancient textbooks and talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera) leaf manuscripts. The study included all the registered traditional medical practitioners of the country, more than 55 years of age. Practitioners with poor memory and feeble health and those who were not in current practice were excluded. The first participant was selected purposively and the rest by using the snowball sampling technique. The investigator administered, validated, open-ended, semistructured questionnaire was the tool used, and the interviews were conducted face to face or using either telephone, zoom, or WhatsApp technology. The saturation was achieved by the 25th participant and data were analysed using the framework analysis technique. Nine medicinal foods including three herbal congees, one herbal beverage, one green leaf salad, and four curry preparations with antidyslipidaemic effects were explored. Sri Lankan native medicine possesses many medicinal foods with antidyslipidaemic effects and they should be explored, scientifically studied, and used as evidence-based management for the smooth control of diabetes mellitus
Comparative study between biological and chemical agents for control sheath blight disease of rice
Get PDFBiological control measures are indispensable to sustain global food security, due to it being economically profitable and environmentally sound. A comparative study was conducted to know the effectiveness of biological control measures compared with contact fungicide. Trichoderma spp. based bio fungicides Bioquick and Biospark were applied as preventive measures and contact fungicide as a curative measure for controlling sheath blight disease in rice varieties BR 71 and IR 24. Biospark and Bioquick were applied before disease development while, contact fungicide was used after the initiation of sheath blight disease. At the early stage of disease development, the effect of Bioquick, Biospark, and fungicide in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height and percent tiller infection are comparable. At 14 DAI and 18 DAI, contact fungicide performed best among the three control measures based on the two parameters. The genotypes of the rice accessions used in the study also appeared to be a factor in disease development, as evidenced by higher horizontal and vertical disease severity in BR71 than in IR24. Between comparison of Bioquick and Biospark in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height, percent tiller infection, and percent disease control, appeared to be higher in Biospark in both varieties. From this study, we can conclude that farmers can use Biospark as a biofungicide to get maximum benefit considering rice yield and ecology. However, its efficacy is slightly lower than chemical fungicides for controlling sheath blight disease of rice