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Price transmission behaviour of major seed spices in Rajasthan: Price behaviour of seed spices in Rajasthan
No full textThe present study was based on secondary price information. The study period from January, 2011 to December 2021 was chosen to analyse the price behaviour of major seed spice markets in Rajasthan. The data was analysed using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and Vector Error Correction Model to accomplish the objectives of the study. ADF test results showed that price data for coriander, cumin, fenugreek, and fennel were non-stationary at the level and stationary at the first difference level. Values of trace and maximum Eigen of Johansen multiple co-integration tests revealed three co-integration equations in cumin and coriander crops, but only one co-integration equation in fennel prices. Prices of coriander, cumin, and fennel in selected KUMS (Krishi Upaj Mandi Samiti) were primarily influenced by the one-month and two-month lag prices of respective market in the long run. The prices of coriander, cumin and fennel demonstrated one-way co-integration in KUMS, Merta City→KUMS, Jodhpur and Ramganj Mandi→Baran while combination of Baran↔Kota, Ramganj Mandi↔Kota and Merta City↔Niwai showed bi-directional co-integration. Fenugreek prices in selected KUMS did not move in tandem over a long period of time. We find that the prices of coriander, cumin and fennel in Rajasthan's selected markets moved in lockstep over time and were influenced by one month or two months lag price of other respective markets
Morphological and biochemical characterization of Alpinia calcarata rhizomes: characterization of Alpinia calcarata rhizomes
No full textLesser galangal rhizomes are well known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the variability in morphological and biochemical characters of lesser galangal, Alpinia calcarata accessions collected from various South Indian states. The results revealed that accession IC373608 was significantly superior with respect to yield contributing traits including the rhizome length, width, fresh yield and dry recovery (6.02 cm, 2.40 cm, 14.63 g tiller-1 and 33.26% respectively) among the eighteen accessions studied. The biochemical analysis of rhizomes revealed that the maximum volatile oil and oleoresin content were found in the accession IC468880 (0.75%) and IC373608 (34.20%) respectively. The highest values for total phenols, total flavonoids and starch were observed in the accessions IC373608 (115.25 mg GAE.g-1), IC582825 (55.65 mg QE. g-1) and IC210656 (44.05 mg. g-1) respectively. The accession IC550112 (7.90%) recorded the lowest crude fibre content, whereas the highest total terpenoid content was noticed in accession IC210421 (20.25%). The GCMSMS profiling of volatile oil of A. calcarata rhizome showed the presence of 28 compounds in it. Considering all economically important characters, accessions IC373608, IC582825 and IC210421 were found to be superior and can be utilized in future crop improvement programmes
The economic landscape of clove production in India: challenges and opportunities: Challenges and opportunities for clove production in India
No full textClove is a valuable spice commodity with high demand in India, yet domestic production has remained stagnant, leading to import dependency. This study analyzed the clove economy in India, focusing on production trends, trade patterns, cost of production, and returns from clove farming. The data from primary survey of 40 clove plantations from five clove growing regions of Kerala (Idukki, Kozhikode and Kollam districts) and Tamil Nadu (Kanyakumari and Tenkasi districts) were used to estimate the cost of production and profitability of clove farming. The cost of production was estimated to be Rs 581 per kilogram of dry clove. The study reveals that clove cultivation faces challenges such as low genetic variability, poor agronomic practices, inadequate soil fertility management, biotic stress factors, senile plantations, unorganized markets, and labour shortages during harvest. These challenges constrain domestic production and hinder profitability. Intervention opportunities include developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties, enhancing extension services and training, strengthening disease and pest control measures, encouraging replanting and rejuvenation of senile plantations, establishing organized markets and price stabilization mechanisms, and addressing labour shortages during harvest. Addressing these challenges and implementing suggested interventions can increase domestic clove production, reduce import dependency, and improve the profitability and sustainability of clove farming in India
Virus-mealybug relationship in the transmission of piper yellow mottle virus: Virus-mealybug relationship
No full textIn the current study, the piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV)-mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) relationship in the transmission of PYMoV in black pepper was determined. The mealybug F. virgata collected from healthy black pepper plants was reared on a pumpkin in the laboratory and used to determine the acquisition access period (AAP), retention period (RP) and inoculation access period (IAP) for the transmission of PYMoV. The crude extract isolated from black pepper plants and mealybugs were tested through PCR using PYMoV-specific primers. The study determined 30 min, 8 h, and 30 min as the AAP, RP, and IAP respectively, indicating the semipersistent type of transmission of PYMoV
Modern GPS diagnostic technique to determine and map soil hardpan for enhancing agricultural operation management
Get PDFAmong the undesirable effects of soil compaction is a measurable reduction in plant growth and crop yield. The prevailing belief is that compacted tillage pans are caused by repetitive farming practices, heavy tractors, tillage tools, and field traffic. This experiment was conducted to determine and map the hardpan layers across an agricultural field through advanced technologies of precision agriculture. These valuable techniques such as data logger, yield map, and data analysis of performance indicators were linked with accurate global positioning systems (GPS) datasets. These important technologies provided the farmers and helped them to identify and manage areas of the fields with higher compacted layers. Three ground speeds 4.3, 5.2, and 6.4 km h-1 were performed with two tillage depths 25 and 40 cm of a chisel plow. The effects of these two factors were studied to determine slippage percentage, field productivity, traction power, and fuel consumption. For the first shallow 25 cm depth, the results showed that increasing the speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 7.22 to 10.35 and then to 12.63%, respectively. Increasing the speed increases field productivity from 0.547 to 0.663 then to 0. 749 ha hour-1, and tractive power increases from 9.44 to 11.74, then to 13.24 hp. As a result, there was a significant increase in the fuel consumption rate from 18.44 to 20.15, then to 22.27 L hour-1, respectively. Changing the depth from 25 to 40 cm and increasing the practical speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 10.14 to 12.77 and then to 15.27%, and a significant increase in field productivity from 0.446 to 0.568 and then to 0.640 ha hour-1, respectively. This led to a significant increase in traction power from 12.72 to 13.36, then to 15.87 hp. Increasing the speed also brought a significant increase in fuel rate from 22.14 to 23.54 and then to 26.14 L ha-1, respectively. Based on this study, it was concluded that the use of this powerful approach was a useful methodology to reflect, determine, specify, and manage the regions of induced and hardpan zones by means of dataset analyses provided by the GPS for the desired field
Photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange dye using SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposite particles synthesised by Ultrasonic Assisted Co-Precipitation Method
Get PDFThe ultrasonic-aided co-precipitation method was used to create SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposite particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanocomposite particles. XRD patterns revealed the crystalline structure of particles and the average particle size determined by Debye Scherrer’s equation was found to be 11.355, 4.9577, and 4.333 nm for TiO2 nanoparticles, SnO2 nanoparticles, and SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposites, respectively. The Ti, Sn, and O species were confirmed to exist by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The UV absorption peaks at 288, 305, and 350 nm were attributed to SnO2, TiO2-SnO2, and TiO2 respectively. The photocatalytic aspect was investigated in a model organic contaminant (methyl orange). Data obtained by the above-mentioned characterization methods confirmed the superior photocatalytic activity of SnO2-TiO2 nanostructure than SnO2 or TiO2 alone
Feasibility study on formulation of cutting fluid from waste palm oil
Get PDFFrom an industrial, environmental, and scientific standpoint, the creation of renewable and sustainable products to replace fossil fuels is an important concern in this decade. Due to the growing use of different lubricant types, the majority of which are mineral-based, there is an unavoidable flow of mineral-based lubricants into the environment. Another issue is using cooking oil that pollutes the environment when discarded. Both of these issues can be resolved by creating bio-based lubricants from discarded cooking oil. This article discusses formulating a green cutting fluid made from used cooking oil. This enables the use of waste oil as a cutting fluid while retaining its tribological and environmental characteristics. In order to compete in the market, biodegradable cutting fluid might gain from decreased costs for used natural oils. The many components and trends that make up this topic are briefly covered in this article, along with waste cooking oils’ potential application as a bio-based lubricant
Ethnomedicinal practices in the arid zone of India: A study in urban and semi-urban areas of Bhuj, Gujarat
Get PDFPlants are a vital and life-sustaining natural resource as they provide many ecosystem services and supply food, fibre, fuel, medicine, etc. They are distributed heterogeneously in different ecosystems. With the increasing urbanization in all parts of the world, the vegetation overlapped with urban localities like parks, gardens, roadsides, wasteland and other human habitations. Among this vegetation, many of them are used in ethnomedicine or in ayurvedic medicine by people for a long period of time. These valuable plant resources are now under threat due to various anthropogenic activities in the urban landscape. Bhuj is a small historic city in the arid zone of India with a rich diversity of medicinal plants. With the increasing human population and associated developmental activities within the city, many of these plants are under threat of extinction. Therefore, an attempt was made to document these medicinal plants distributed in different parts of the city and their uses for ethnomedicinal purposes. The plants were intensively surveyed and documented using a questionnaire survey, discussion and cross-checked with available literature. A total of 123 species of ethnomedicinal plants were documented and analysed for their uses in curing different health problems and conservation purposes in the urban landscape
Morpho-agronomic variability, traits association and path analysis in Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Schleid.) genotypes from Ethiopia
Get PDFForty-five rosemary genotypes collected from different parts of Ethiopia were evaluated for quantitative morphological traits to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and association of characters. The genotypes displayed significant differences for all of the studied traits, showing the presence of wide variability among the tested genotypes. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were found to be medium and high for all growth and yield traits except for leaf length. Moderately high to high broad-sense heritability (0.66 -0.97) coupled with moderate to high genetic advance as a percent of the mean (10.37 -79.14) values were found for all traits. Correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis revealed that characters vis. branch number plant-1, fresh leaf weight plant-1, dry leaf weight plant-1, fresh leaf yield ha-1, and essential oil content had a high positive direct effect and significant positive association with essential oil yield ha-1. Thus direct selection for these traits would be quite effective for essential oil yield enhancement in rosemary. In general, the studied accessions were diverse in nature and could be exploited in the conservation, breeding and commercialization of the crop
Effect of media and gelling agents on shoot organogenesis of Liriope platyphylla
Get PDFLiriope platyphylla can be multiplied either by planting seeds or dividing its tuberous roots. In this study, a method for L. platyphylla plant shoot organogenesis from meristem explants was developed employing medium and gelling agents. For the selection of optimal medium conditions for shoot organogenesis, the effects of full- and half-strength B5, SH, and MS media were examined. Different concentrations of the gelling agents such as phytagar (6, 7, 8, and 9 g L-1) and gellan gum (2, 3, 4, and 5 g L-1) were examined for efficient shoot formation. The results revealed the superiority of half-strength MS basal medium in shoot organogenesis and growth of Liriope platyphylla. But the half-strength B5 media performed poorly. Compared to plant agar, gellan gum performed well in terms of shoot regeneration and shoot length. When gellan gum was used at 3 g L-1 the maximum number of shoots explant-1 (5.8) and longest shoot (45.8 mm) was observed but the lowest number of shoots explant-1 (3.2) and shortest shoot (21.4 mm) was registered with 5 g L-1. It is proposed from our study that half-strength MS media and gellan gun gelling agent at 3 g/l could be applied in shoot organogenesis and growth of L. platyphylla