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Foliar supplementation of phosphorus and zinc enhanced the yield of Boro rice
Full text linkSupplying phosphorus and zinc through foliar supplementation can be beneficial for crops experiencing higher demand compared to supply from soil. Phosphorus and zinc, an important micronutrient significantly influence various yield components of Boro rice production. A research investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact of foliar application of phosphorus and zinc on the Boro rice yield. The research included two varieties cv. BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan89 and five treatments of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer management viz. F1 (Recommended dose of fertilizers, RDF), F2 (RDF + foliar supplementation of 1% P at panicle initiation stage), F3 (RDF + foliar supplementation of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at panicle initiation stage), F4 (RDF + foliar supplementation of both 1% P and 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at panicle initiation stage) and F5 (75% RDF + foliar supplementation of both 1% P and 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at panicle initiation stage). The study was conducted employing a randomized complete block design and it was replicated thrice. The application of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer through foliar supplementation significantly impacted the yield components of Boro rice. The highest plant height (96.60 cm), total tillers hill-1 (11.80), effective tillers hill-1 (11.50), panicle length (24.10 cm), grains panicle-1 (129.43), 1000-grain weight (25.12 g), grain yields (8.01 t ha-1), straw yields (8.04 t ha-1), biological yield (16.05) and harvest index (49.90 %) were resulted with BRRI dhan89 when applied with RDF + foliar application of both 1% P and 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at panicle initiation stage. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that BRRI dhan89 resulted in superior performance compared to BRRI dhan28 and RDF with a foliar application of both 1% P and 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at the panicle initiation stage performed best for BRRI dhan89
Response of tomato fruit to consecutive impact loading
Full text linkTomato fruits receive successive impacts during harvest and postharvest operations. This paper is a study of the response of tomato fruit to mono and multiple dynamic loadings and the ability to withstand consecutive impacts, which play the most critical role in downgrading and postharvest loss of fresh tomato fruits and designing harvest, and postharvest handling and processing equipment. The fruits were subjected to consecutive impacts by an instrumented pendulum one to three times successive impacts at the same location with the three different impact energy levels: 125, 250, and 500 mJ to establish a comprehensive model and refining by adding various groups of contributing factors to understand better and find out which parameters are more likely to cause and contribute in tomato mechanical damage. Twenty sub-models were evaluated using AIC and R2 values. The parameters of the preferred logistic model consist of response variables (peak contact force, contact time, and Elast), loading conditions (one, two, and three-times impact at the same location), and fruit quality parameter (total soluble solids). Also, another model was suggested for rapid assessment of bruise development
Carbon balance in Maize (Zea mays L.) with various combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers
Full text linkFertilization in agricultural cultivation has an important role in the carbon cycle. This study aims to evaluate using organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers that can produce high carbon sequestration with low CO2 emission levels in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation. There were seven combinations of NPK and organic fertilizers, namely ¼ NPK + 1 OF (C), ½ NPK + 1 OF (D), ¾ NPK + 1 OF (E), 1 NPK + 1 OF (F), ¾ NPK + ¼ OF (G), ¾ NPK + ½ OF (H), ¾ NPK + ¾ OF (I), and two controls, namely no fertilizer (A) and standard NPK (350 kg/ha, SP36 150 kg/ha, KCl 75 kg/ha) (B). Organic fertilizer was applied one week before planting, SP-36 and KCl fertilizer at planting, and urea fertilizer at 0, 14, and 28 HST. Maize was planted with a spacing of 20 x 70 cm. Parameters observed included CO2 emissions, soil pH, C-Organic, C-microbial, and plant growth parameters. The combined use of NPK and organic fertilizer significantly increased soil carbon stocks (33.25-64.04 Mg/ha) and carbon sequestration by plants (3.76-5.98 Mg/ha). Therefore, using organic and inorganic fertilizer can be considered more environmentally friendly and effective in managing carbon balance on farmland and has great potential to contribute to climate change mitigation through increased soil and plant carbon sequestration
Chemical composition of essential oil from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl
Full text linkIn the present study, the chemical composition of Cinnamomum camphora leaves collected from Algeria was studied. The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of C. camphora, collected from Skikda (North Eastern Algeria), was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil showed the presence of 17 major compounds representing 93.57% of total essential oil and the major compounds were camphor (36.81%), α-Pinene (9.91%), D-Limonene (8.63%) and Camphene (6.99%)
An overview on Azelaic Acid: Biosynthesis, signalling and the action under stress conditions in plants
Full text linkPlants are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stress factors throughout their lives. For this reason, they have developed some defense mechanisms. They can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting protection against diverse pathogen attacks. In recent years, several chemical inducers (salicylic acid, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, azelaic acid, pipecolic acid, and dehydroabietic acid) have been determined to play roles in this mechanism. The transfer of these signal molecules from infected tissue to non-infected tissues through phloem provides potent defence communication. Azelaic acid is a well-known molecule that triggers salicylic acid accumulation under biotic stress as a priming factor to induce SAR, although little is known about its role under abiotic stress. Here, this review aims to call attention to the effects of AzA under abiotic stress conditions as well as biosynthesis, transport and signalling
Postharvest treatment of navel oranges with fluroxypyr, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acids, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic maintains physiological quality during ambient storage
Full text linkTwo batches of Green mature Navel oranges with calyxes attached were obtained from a farmer from Juaben Municipality in the Ashanti region of Ghana and were dipped for 2 minutes with fluroxypyr, and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), were assessed against the commercial 2,4-D at 0.1 and 0.2 mmol L-1 stored under ambient conditions (24±2 °C and 55-60% RH) for 4 weeks. The results showed that pre-storage dipping with fluroxypyr was the most effective in suppressing endogenous ethylene production and respiration rate, reduced calyx changes, and fruit rot, and retained fruit sensory attributes compared with MCPA 2,4-D, or untreated fruit at the end of storage life of four weeks. The effect of 2,4-D and MCPA on fruit rot, calyx browning, abscission, and fruit internal quality, was similar; which was not significantly different during storage. Dipping fruit with 0.1 mmol L-1 fluroxypyr was more effective in maintaining the quality of oranges and could be a substitute for current commercial 2,4-D
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles improved morpho-physiological characters and DNA content in Swietenia macrophylla an IUCN red listed endangered plant species
Full text linkThere is a great need to improve plant resilience to unpredictable environmental stresses; therefore, understanding the leading role of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in alleviating plant stress is crucial for the development of abiotic stress-tolerant endangered plant species. Recently, many new methods have emerged to synthesize nanoparticles, among which the biosynthesis method deserves more attention due to its features such as being eco-friendly, and cost-efficient. The aim of the present study is to perform green synthesis of nanoparticles from extracts and investigate the effect of these nanoparticles on plants. The complete shape and size of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Particle Size Analysis (PSA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) modern instruments. The absorption peak at 310 nm wavelength obtained from UV–Visible spectroscopy analysis confirmed the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The presence of strong and broad peaks in FTIR indicated the presence of phytochemicals functional groups and the presence of NPs. SEM result showed that most of the synthesized nanoparticles had spherical angular structure and their size was 75 nm. The effects of TiO2 NPs on Swietenia macrophylla L. an endangered plant species listed in IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) showed that seed germination and plant survival rates were higher than control plants and there was also significant variation in root and shoot development and growth of leaves. The growth rate of the plants was significant compared to control and the chlorophyll pigments content was also recorded significant in the treated plants. The 21 phytochemicals were identified in the plant leaves analyzed with GC-MS. The ISSR analysis result showed polymorphic DNA a band which was as mutants in phenotypic characters of plants. Flow cytometric results had shown that DNA replicate content was increased due to TiO2 NPs effect in plants treated with 200 mgL-1 showed the higher plant growth efficiency
Detection and Analysis of melanin pigment in the edible seed coat of some plants
Full text linkMelanin is a dark phenolic substance present in plants, animals, and microorganisms. The role of melanin in plants is to offer protection against biotic and abiotic conditions. The other possible functions in plants are unknown. Studying the occurrence of melanin in plants is essential to understand the taxonomic evolution of plants and its application in different fields. The deposition and distribution of Phytomelanin in the seed coat was studied using a light microscopy The seed coats of Phaselous vulgaris (Leguminaceae), Vigna mungo (Fabaceae), Linum usitatissimum (Linaceae), Cicer arietinum (Fabaceae), Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae), Sesamum indicum (padaliaceae) and Macrotylama uniflorum (Fabaceae) showed the presence of melanin. Among the plant studied, S. indicum and V. mungo had a higher yield of melanin per 5 g of seeds. Melanin was extracted, purified and a confirmatory test was also conducted. UV and FT-IR studies were carried out with purified melanin. V. mungo and P. vulgaris showed no absorbance in the UV spectrum. The Maximum absorbance was found at 276 nm for S. indicum, M. uniflorum at 283 nm, L. usitatissimum at 276.5 nm, and V. unguiculata at 286 nm. It is evident from the study that phytomelanin is present in higher concentrations in S. indicum followed by V. mungo
Growth and biomass yield responses of Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Harms accessions to waterlogging stress
Full text linkEffects of waterlogging on the growth of six accessions of Sphenostylis stenocarpa were investigated. There accessions were TSs-5, TSs-7, TSs-8, TSs-9 TSs-10 and TSs-11. After growing S. stenocarpa for 4 weeks, results indicated that waterlogging significantly (p=0.05) reduced its growth parameters of S. stenocarpa. For shoot length; TSs-9 recorded the highest value (48.27±2.92 cm) above its control while TSs-11 (17.96±1.13 cm) had the lowest value. For petiole length, TSs-9 (3.62±0.33 cm) recorded the highest value while TSs-8 (0.93±0.93 cm) recorded the lowest value. Internode length had TSs-7 (6.10±0.78 cm) had the highest value while TSs-8 (2.87±2.87 cm) had the lowest value. The total photosynthetic pigment measurement showed that TSs-5 (45.0±0.65 mg/kg) with the highest value and TSs-8 (33.37±14.00 mg/kg) had the lowest value. For leaf area, TSs-7 (25.73±4.21 cm2) had the highest value while TSs-11 (16.13±2.82 cm2) recorded the lowest value. Total Fresh Weight (TFW), TSs-7 recorded the highest value (4.96 g) while TSs-8 recorded the lowest value (1.75 g). Root Fresh Weight (RFW), Tss-5 was observed to have the highest value (1.44 g) while Tss-11 recorded the lowest value (0.56 g). However, at 2 weeks after planting the effect of waterlogging stress on the growth parameter was not significant. The reduction in the growth of S. stenocarpa as a result of waterlogging stress might be due to the detrimental effect of flooding on O2 availability for plant cells and other plant metabolic activities of the plant. In areas with waterlogged soil conditions, S. stenocarpa should not be cultivated as it has poor and relatively low tolerance towards withstanding the impact of waterlogging; however, accession TSs-9 showed promising waterlogging tolerance ability
Exploring diverse aspects of celiac disease - A review
Full text linkCeliac disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in genetically susceptible individuals. This multifactorial disease has both genetic and environmental components, with gluten serving as the environmental trigger and specific genetic variations in the major histocompatibility complex region contributing to the genetic predisposition. Contrary to previous assumptions, celiac disease is not a rare disorder, with a global prevalence estimated at approximately 1%. However, it often remains under-recognized because many affected individuals do not exhibit the classic gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the condition. Instead, they may present with nonspecific manifestations of nutritional deficiencies or may be entirely asymptomatic. Celiac disease is associated with an increased incidence of autoimmune disorders, and its identification in asymptomatic or silent cases is crucial for managing associated conditions and preventing long-term complications such as lymphoma. The relationship between celiac disease and other autoimmune disorders, particularly type 1 diabetes, suggests a potential trigger role for gluten. In this article we review the development of celiac disease, including its types, pathogenesis, clinical features, and associated diseases or complications. We will also discuss available tests, treatments, and preventive approaches related to this subject