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Art and Museums in the Digital Age: An Overview of the Concepts and Spatial Design
Get PDFoai:acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr:11352/5150Starting in the 20th century, with the acceleration of technological developments, the increasing use of technology, and the change in social structures due to the computer or the internet, there has been a transition to the so-called 'technological age', or 'digital age'. With these technological developments, the products of the 'individual', whose perception has changed, define the past, culture, and future through art in order to exist in the society that surrounds it, to sustain its existence, and to internalize the culture of the society. Digital art is located at the intersection of culture, art, media, contemporary art, digitalization, and technology. Digital art enables both visual thinking and software skills to be learned together. At the same time, the process of creating dynamic images using digital applications requires a multifaceted design phase. Through digital art, the viewer who examines the work of art has become active. Digital art transforms the traditional understanding of art and changes the way artworks are created and experienced. By interacting with the artwork, viewers have become active participants and users of artwork. In the digital age, the exhibition of art on digital platforms enables art to reach wider audiences. This situation has made participants/users eager to visit. In addition, digital museums and digital exhibitions are attracting a lot of attention and their number is increasing every year. Digital art therapy is a rapidly growing practice in recent years. With the opportunities brought by the digital age, digital art brings along a new search for aesthetics and meaning in the art world. In this research, the concept of digital art in the digital age and the works published in this field are examined as an area that has been widely discussed and attracted attention in recent years. This research aims to contribute to the field by focusing on digital art, digital museums and digital exhibitions. In addition, in order to make the existing publications visible, the texts will be visualized to make them more effective for the reader
Advances in Sand Cat Swarm Optimization: A Comprehensive Study
No full textThis study provides an in-depth review and analysis of the nature-inspired Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO) algorithm.
The SCSO algorithm effectively focuses on exploring solution areas inspired by sand cat hearing and finding the most suitable
solutions for their hunting behavior. This algorithm is easily adaptable to various problems due to its stability, low-cost,
flexibility, simple implementation, simplicity, derivative-free mechanism, and reasonable computation time. For these reasons,
although it was published recently, it has begun to attract the attention of researchers. SCSO-based research has been
presented in prestigious international journals such as Elsevier, Springer, MDPI, and IEEE since its inception in 2022. The
studies cited in this paper are examined in three categories: improved, hybrid, and adapted. Research trends show that 39,
21, and 40% of SCSO-based studies fall into these three categories, respectively. Additionally, research on solving various
problems inspired by the SCSO algorithm is discussed from two different perspectives: global optimizations and real-world
applications. Analysis of the applications shows that 15 and 85% of the studies belong to these two fields, respectively
Advances in Drug Targeting, Drug Delivery, and Nanotechnology Applications: Therapeutic Significance in Cancer Treatment
Get PDFIn the 21st century, thanks to advances in biotechnology and developing pharmaceutical
technology, significant progress is being made in effective drug design. Drug
targeting aims to ensure that the drug acts only in the pathological area; it is defined as the
ability to accumulate selectively and quantitatively in the target tissue or organ, regardless
of the chemical structure of the active drug substance and the method of administration.
With drug targeting, conventional, biotechnological and gene-derived drugs target the
body’s organs, tissues, and cells that can be selectively transported to specific regions. These
systems serve as drug carriers and regulate the timing of release. Despite having many
advantageous features, these systems have limitations in thoroughly treating complex
diseases such as cancer. Therefore, combining these systems with nanoparticle technologies
is imperative to treat cancer at both local and systemic levels effectively. The nanocarrierbased
drug delivery method involves encapsulating target-specific drug molecules into
polymeric or vesicular systems. Various drug delivery systems (DDS) were investigated
and discussed in this review article. The first part discussed active and passive delivery
systems, hydrogels, thermoplastics, microdevices and transdermal-based drug delivery
systems. The second part discussed drug carrier systems in nanobiotechnology (carbon
nanotubes, nanoparticles, coated, pegylated, solid lipid nanoparticles and smart polymeric
nanogels). In the third part, drug targeting advantages were discussed, and finally, market
research of commercial drugs used in cancer nanotechnological approaches was included
A Novel Two-Stage Fuzzy Classification Method with Different Weight Permutations for Optimal Gis-Based Placement of Wellness and Sports Centers
No full textThe optimal placement of wellness and sports centers is critical to maximizing their accessibility, effectiveness, and impact on public health. Strategic location planning ensures that these facilities are conveniently accessible to the largest possible segment of the population, thereby encouraging higher participation rates. Accessibility is particularly crucial in urban areas where space is limited, and in rural or underserved regions where health and recreational services are often scarce. Moreover, the strategic placement of these centers can enhance community cohesion and stimulate local economies. This study develops a novel sorting Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method called fuzzy EDAS-Sort, a variant of the Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) ranking method through a fuzzy sorting with different weight permutations to address the optimal placement of wellness and sports centers through assigning alternatives to predefined and ordered classes. It aims to identify the best locations for wellness and sports centers in Ardabil, Iran by employing the fuzzy EDAS-Sort method which is the main contribution of this research combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). By integrating fuzzy set theory with EDAS-Sort and GIS, the inherent uncertainties are handled in performance evaluation and spatial data analysis. According to the findings, the fuzzy EDAS-Sort is computationally efficient and provide highly accurate classification results for the optimal placement of wellness and sports centers.
Numerical results demonstrate that 20% of the studied locations belonged to the “Excellent and optimal area” class, 33.3% to the “Good area” class, and 53.3% to the “Above average area” class. Finally, sensitivity analysis reveals that the proposed method is stable against weight variations, with less than 2.78% fluctuation in the classification results, ensuring a high degree of robustness
Role of Weak Interactions and Steric Effect in Chemosensing Using Cyclodextrins
No full textCyclodextrins (CDs), a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, have garnered significant attention in chemosensing applications due to their unique ability to form inclusion complexes with various guest molecules. The hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic outer surface of CDs enable selective encapsulation of various guest molecules, including small organic compounds, ions, and biological entities. This selective binding is primarily driven by weak non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, and occasionally π-π stacking. These interactions make CDs an excellent molecular scaffold for designing chemosensors with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Chemosensing applications utilizing CDs exploit their ability to act as molecular hosts, which modulate optical or electrochemical signals upon guest binding. For example, CDs are often incorporated into fluorescence-based sensors, where the inclusion of a target molecule within the CD cavity can lead to changes in fluorescence intensity or wavelength. Similarly, CDs are used in electrochemical sensors to detect redox-active species by facilitating the selective binding of analytes in complex sample matrices. CDs also enhance the detection of pollutants, drugs, or biomarkers in environmental, clinical, and industrial settings through such interactions. A critical factor influencing the efficiency of these chemosensing systems is the steric effect, which refers to the spatial arrangement and size of guest molecules relative to the CD cavity. The three main types of cyclodextrins such as α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD differ in cavity size (with 6, 7, and 8 glucopyranose units, respectively), allowing for selective encapsulation based on the size and shape of the guest. Steric hindrance can either enhance or hinder the inclusion process depending on the degree of fit between the host and guest. Larger or irregularly shaped molecules may experience steric clashes with the CD cavity walls, reducing binding affinity or preventing complexation altogether. On the contrary, a well-fitting guest molecule can lead to strong binding and high selectivity. Moreover, the functionalization of cyclodextrins with various chemical groups can modulate their steric and electronic properties, enabling fine-tuning of guest selectivity and sensor performance. For instance, the introduction of bulky substituents or charged groups can create additional steric barriers or enhance electrostatic interactions, respectively, thus influencing the strength and specificity of binding. These steric considerations are crucial in designing CDs for chemosensing applications, as they govern both the recognition and transduction mechanisms underlying sensor functionality. In conclusion, cyclodextrin-based chemosensors are versatile platforms that rely on weak non-covalent interactions and steric effects to achieve high selectivity and sensitivity in the detection of a wide range of analytes. By optimizing the size and functionalization of CDs, researchers can develop advanced chemosensors with tailored properties for applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and industrial processes. This chapter explains the above-mentioned in a comprehensive manner. Graphical Abstract The image is a scientific figure illustrating various chemical structures and interactions. At the center, there is a 3D representation of a molecular complex on a platform, surrounded by chemical structures and diagrams. Labels include "Hydrophobic interactions and cavity," "Inclusion complex," "Hydrophilic interactions," "Van der Waals forces," and "Steric effects." The figure includes hexagonal and circular molecular diagrams, with arrows indicating interactions. The background is light blue, enhancing the visibility of the structures and text. The graphical abstract illustrating the role of weak interactions and steric effects in chemosensing using cyclodextrins
Investigation of Opinions of Teachers, School Principals and Academicians on the Reports Prepared by Foreign Experts after the Proclamation of The Republic
No full textAraştırmada, Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra ülkemize davet edilen yabancı eğitim
uzmanlarından John Dewey, Beryl Parker ve Kate V. Wofford’un raporlarına ilişkin sınıf
öğretmeni, okul yöneticisi ve akademisyen görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında
öncelikle yabancı uzmanların ilkokul kademesine ilişkin sundukları görüş, tespit ve
önerilerinde ortak ve farklı olan noktalar belirlenmiş, daha sonra belirlenen noktalara ilişkin
öğretmen, okul müdürü ve akademisyenlerin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Araştırmada
betimsel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri kaynaklarını; yabancı uzman raporları,
Avnkara’nın köy/mahalle, ilçe merkezi ve şehir merkezindeki okullarda görev yapmakta
olan sınıf öğretmenleri ve okul müdürleri ile üniversitelerde görev yapan akademisyenler
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, doküman incelemesi, anket ve görüşme yoluyla
toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri betimsel istatistikler (frekans, yüzde, aritmetik
ortalama ve standart sapma) kullanılarak, nitel verileri ise içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Doküman incelemesi sonuçları, Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra ülkemize
davet edilen yabancı eğitim uzmanlarının raporlarında öğretim programları, sağlık
uygulamaları, okul sistemi, okulun fiziki koşulları, öğretme-öğrenme süreci ve ölçmedeğerlendirme
boyutlarına değinildiğini göstermektedir. Bu boyutlara yönelik sınıf
öğretmeni, okul müdürü ve akademisyenlerden elde edilen veriler ise, yabancı uzman
görüş, tespit ve önerilerinin günümüzde bazı açılardan halen geçerliğini koruduğunu ve
eğitim sistemimizde iyileştirilmesi gereken noktalar olduğunu göstermektedir.This study examines the opinions of classroom teachers, school administrators, and
academicians based on the reports of foreign education experts such as John Dewey,
Beryl Parker, and Kate V. Wofford, who were invited to the Republic of Turkey shortly
after its establishment. Firstly, in the study, the common and different views, findings,
and recommendations of foreign experts on primary education were identified. Secondly,
opinions of teachers, school principals, and academicians regarding the identified points
were consulted. The research employs a descriptive method. The data sources of the
research were the reports of foreign experts, classroom teachers and school principals
working at schools in villages/neighborhoods, district centers and city centers in Ankara,
as well as the academicians working at different universities. The research data was
collected through document review, surveys and interviews. The quantitative data of
the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, arithmetic
mean, and standard deviation), while the qualitative data were analyzed using content
analysis. The results of the document review indicate that the reports of foreign education
experts who are invited to the Republic of Turkey point out teaching programs, health
practices, the school system, the physical conditions of schools, the teaching-learning
process and the measurement-evaluation dimensions. The data obtained from classroom
teachers, school principals and academicians regarding these dimensions show that some
opinions, findings, and recommendations proposed by the foreign experts are still valid
today, which highlights the areas that need improvement in our education system
Research Methodology in the Science of Usul al-Fiqh and its Benefit to Human and Social Science
No full textيُعَدُّ علم أصول الفقه أيقونه العلوم الشرعية؛ ولذا اعتنى الأصوليُّون بذكر منهج
البحث فيه، والتركيزِ على مقتضيات هذا البحث، ولوازمه، وعلى الرَّغم من تعدُّد المدارس
الأصولية واختلافها، لكنَّها اشتركت في منهج البحث في هذا الفنِّ، على وَفْق الضوابط
والقواعد التي قعّدها أئمَّة الفن.َ
يُمكن للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية الاستفادةُ من منهج البحث العلمي عند الأصوليِّين،
وذلك من خ لل أساسيَّات البحث التي ذكرها الأصوليُّون، من باب الاستمداد والإمداد ا
بين العلوم.
حاولت هذه الدراسةُ استظهار أهمِّ معالم منهج البحث، على وَفْق المنهج الوصفيِّ
التحليلي، بتحليل أهمِّ قضايا منهج البحث العلمي، ثمَّ المنهج الاستنباطي باستنباط المنهج
العامِّ عند الأصوليِّين، ولذا قُسِّم البحث إلى مقدِّمة، ومبحثين، أوَّلُهما لبيان نشأة منهج
البحث عند الأصوليِّين، والثاني لبيان أهمِّ القضايا المنهجيَّة التي تطرَّق لها الأصوليُّون في
منهج بحثهم في هذا الفنِّ، مع ذكر الخاتمة التي تضمَّنت أهمَّ النتائج، والتوصيات، ثمَّ
فِهْرس المصادر.Usul al-Fıkıh, İslami ilimlerin temel taşı olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle, usulcüler, bu ilimde araştırma yöntemine büyük önem vermiş, araştırmanın gerekleri ve esaslarına odaklanmışlardır. Usul al-Fıkıh'taki ekoller arasındaki farklılıklara rağmen, bu alandaki araştırma yöntemi konusunda ortak bir anlayış benimsemişler ve bu ilmin büyük imamları tarafından belirlenen kurallar ve esaslara sadık kalmışlardır.
Beşeri ve sosyal bilimler, usulcüler tarafından sunulan temel araştırma kavramlarından faydalanarak, bu bilimler arasında karşılıklı bir alışveriş sağlayabilir. Bu çalışma, araştırma yöntemlerinin en önemli yönlerini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmada, bilimsel araştırma yöntemlerinin ana meseleleri betimleyici-analitik bir yaklaşımla incelenmiş ve usulcülerin genel metodolojisi tümdengelim yöntemiyle çıkarılmıştır.
Araştırma, bir giriş ve iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, usulcülerin araştırma yönteminin gelişimi ele alınırken, ikinci bölümde bu alanda ele alınan en önemli yöntemsel konular açıklanmıştır. Çalışma, ana sonuçlar ve önerilerle son bulmakta, ardından kaynakça ile devam etmektedir.Usul al-Fiqh (the principles of Islamic jurisprudence) is considered the cornerstone of the Islamic sciences. Thus, scholars of Usul have dedicated significant attention to discussing its research methodology, focusing on the requirements and essentials of such research. Despite the variety of schools of thought within Usul al-Fiqh and their differences, they share a common methodology in this field, adhering to the principles and rules laid down by the prominent scholars of Usul.
The human and social sciences can benefit from the scientific research methodology of the Usul scholars by drawing from the fundamental research concepts they presented, fostering a relationship of exchange between these disciplines. This study attempts to highlight the key aspects of the research methodology using a descriptive-analytical approach by analyzing the main issues in scientific research methodology. Furthermore, an inductive method is applied to deduce the general methodology adopted by Usul scholars.
The research is divided into an introduction and two main sections. The first section explains the development of the research methodology among Usul scholars, while the second outlines the most significant methodological issues addressed by them in this field. The study concludes with the key findings and recommendations, followed by a bibliography
Corrosion and Wear Properties of Building Direction Dependent as-Built AlSi10Mg Aluminium Alloy Printed by Selective Laser Melting
No full textIn this study, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber scaffolds reinforced with synthesized nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) were fabricated through electrospinning to enhance their potential for applications in bone tissue engineering. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) was utilized as a surfactant to achieve a uniform distribution of particles and improve the structural integrity of the scaffolds. PMMA solutions were prepared at concentrations of the addition of STTP effectively stabilized n-HA dispersion, leading to enhanced fiber morphology, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PMMA_10_HA_S nanofibers demonstrated a homogeneous fiber distribution with an average diameter of 345.40 ± 53.55 nm and a calcium content of 7.1%. Mechanical testing revealed that adding STTP enhanced the mechanical properties, with the n-HA-reinforced 10 wt.% PMMA nanofibers achieving a maximum tensile stress of 4.16 ± 2.13 MPa and an elongation of 7.1 ± 1.95%. Furthermore, cell cytotoxicity assays of different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL) using L929 fibroblast cells demonstrated no cytotoxic effect of PMMA_10_HA_S nanofibers. These findings, reinforced by STTP and n-HA, highlight the potential of PMMA_10_HA_S nanofiber scaffolds as promising candidates for bone tissue application
Hankel Operators Between Köthe Spaces
No full textThis paper is about the operators defined between Köthe spaces whose associated matrix
is a Hankel matrix. After demonstrating how these operators are defined, the conditions
for their continuity and compactness are given. It is shown that the backward and forward
shift operators are mean ergodic and Cesáro bounded by establishing a relationship
between the backward and forward shift operators and Hankel and Toeplitz operators on
power series spaces
Some line examples of geometric internal tiles
No full textGeometrik Geçmeli Çinilerden Bazı Hat Örnekleri başlıklı bu tezde, İstanbul'daki cami ve türbelerde yer alan çinili hat örnekleri, çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. İncelenen eserler; çini yüzeylere uygulanmış, geometrik tezyinat esasına göre tasarlanmış ve hat sanatıyla bütünleştirilmiş süsleme örneklerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmamız kapsamında toplam on altı yapı incelenmiştir. Tespit edilen eser sayısı otuz sekizdir. Bunlardan on iki tanesi merkez kurgusu örgü motifli, on altısı merkez yıldız motifli, ikisi ise aynı kurguda tasarlanmış özgün panolardır. İstanbul dışında incelenen yapılarda ise aynı şekilde kurgulanmış sekiz pano yer almaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, başta Süleymaniye, Hadım İbrahim Paşa, Kadırga Sokullu Mehmed Paşa, Kılıç Ali Paşa ve Beylerbeyi camileri olmak üzere İstanbul'daki bazı camiler analiz edilmiştir. Özellikle yazı çeşidinin celî sülüs olduğu, kurgu ve tasarımlarının ise büyük ölçüde benzerlik gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Panoların çoğu İznik üretimi olup sıraltı tekniğiyle yapılmış; renk olarak ise en çok lacivert tercih edilmiştir. Süleymaniye Camii'nde Fatiha Suresi, iki pano hâlinde yazılmış ve simetrik biçimde yerleştirilerek mihrap duvarını süslemiştir. Hadım İbrahim Paşa Camii'nin son cemaat yerinde, Esmâ-i Hüsnâ yazılı iki pano; Kadırga Sokullu Mehmed Paşa Camii'nde ise mihrapta yer alan İhlâs Suresi yazılı simetrik panolar ve pandantiflerde bulunan altı adet Esmâ-i Hüsnâ panosu dikkat çekmektedir. Kılıç Ali Paşa Camii'nde, mihrap üzerinde Esmâ-i Hüsnâ yazılı bir pano; Beylerbeyi Camii'nde ise İhlâs Suresi yazılı bir pano yer almaktadır. Ayrıca Eyüp Sultan, Şehzade Mehmed ve III. Murad türbeleri ile Topkapı Sarayı'nda da benzer tasarıma sahip çini panolar görülmektedir. İstanbul dışındaki bazı yapılar da araştırmaya dâhil edilerek örnek çeşitliliği artırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çini Sanatı, Hat Sanatı, Geometrik Süsleme, Desen, MotifIn this thesis titled "Some Calligraphic Examples from Geometric Interlocking Tiles," the calligraphic examples on tiles found in mosques and tombs in Istanbul constitute the focus of the study. The examined works consist of decorative examples applied to tile surfaces, designed based on geometric ornamentation principles, and integrated with the art of calligraphy. Within the scope of our research, a total of sixteen structures were examined. The identified number of works is thirty-eight. Among these, twelve feature a central design with a lattice motif, sixteen with a centralstar motif, and two are original panels designed with the same composition. Outside Istanbul, eight panels with similar compositions have also been found in the examined structures. As part of the research, some mosques in Istanbul were analyzed, primarily Süleymaniye, Hadım İbrahim Paşa, Kadırga Sokullu Mehmed Paşa, Kılıç Ali Paşa, and Beylerbeyi mosques. It was observed that the predominant script type is celî sülüs, and the compositions and designs show a significant degree of similarity. Most of the panels are İznik productions made with the underglaze technique, with navy blue being the most preferred color.Süleymaniye Mosque, the Al-Fatiha Surah was written on two panels, symmetrically placed to decorate the mihrab wall. At Hadım İbrahim Paşa Mosque's last congregation area, two panels inscribed with the Esmâ-i Hüsnâ stand out; at Kadırga Sokullu Mehmed Paşa Mosque, symmetrical panels with the İhlâs Surah on the mihrab and six Esmâ-i Hüsnâ panels located on the pendentives attract attention. At Kılıç Ali Paşa Mosque, a panel with Esmâ-i Hüsnâ is located above the mihrab; at Beylerbeyi Mosque, there is a panel inscribed with the İhlâs Surah. Additionally, similar tile panels are observed in the tombs of Eyüp Sultan, Şehzade Mehmed, and Sultan Murad III, as well as in Topkapı Palace. Some structures outside Istanbul have also been included in the research to increase the diversity of examples. Keywords: Tile Art, Calligraphy Art, Geometric Ornamentation, Pattern, Motif