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The Primitive Accumulation of Capital and the Experiences of the Soviet Industrialization. Part 2 (2)
Get PDFFor a long time until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the orthodox
interpretation of the collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union was
that the mass collectivization movement from below frustrated the
resistance of the kulaks, the capitalist forces in the countryside, and
collectivization was achieved. The reality, however, was quite the opposite.
Collectivization was driven by the policy of “extermination of the kulaks as
a class,” which targeted the “kulaks,” the core rural businessmen and the
relatively wealthy peasantry, as its decisive leverage. This was the key to
unraveling Fitzpatrickʼs paradox that collectivization “not only drove the
peasants to the kolkhoz, but also drove them from the countryside. The
“extermination of the kulaks as a class” was indeed the stateʼs repression of
the peasantry through sheer violence. The “extermination of the kulaks as
a class” was indeed a state repression of the peasantry by outright
violence, which tore millions of peasants and their families from their
native land and exiled them to the harsh natural conditions of the Soviet
North, where few people lived. The collectivization of agriculture, using
this repression as a lever, devastated the Soviet peasantry, agriculture, and
farming villages as a whole. The peasants who had lost their business
prospects left their villages for the cities and industry if they did not join
the kolkhoz. The years of collectivization were at the same time years of
mass peasant migration to the cities, known as the Exodus.departmental bulletin pape
Comparative Study of the Environmental Advantages of EVs and Gasoline Vehicles
Get PDFAs global environmental issues are attracting attention, EVs are
generally considered to play a major role as a zero carbon solution because
they do not emit carbon dioxide when they run.
However, the environmental impact of EVs cannot be ignored from the
standpoint of the electricity they use when driving, and this point has also
been attracting attention in recent years. In other words, the use of
electricity supplied by fossil fuel power generation, as typified by coal-fired
power generation, is not only ineffective in terms of environmental impact,
but may even have a negative impact. Therefore, it is necessary to fully
consider whether EVs can make a significant contribution to environmental
measures when the environmental impact of EVs is considered as a whole.
In this paper, we would like to compare the life cycle assessment (LCA)
of EVs and gasoline-powered vehicles to comprehensively determine their
environmental advantages.
In other words, the purpose is to discuss the overall environmental
advantages of EVs and gasoline-powered vehicles by comparing the
environmental impacts of EVs and gasoline-powered vehicles in all
processes of their sequence of flow, including procurement of raw
materials, manufacture of parts and finished vehicles, delivery, sales, after-sales service, and disposal.departmental bulletin pape
How are the Living Conditions of Middle Age People who are Living Alone in Urban Area?
Get PDFNow the number of middle age people who are living alone in urban area
is increasing, although little study has been done about the living conditions
of them. How are middle age people who are living alone in urban area
living?
This paper describes how their social relation, time, satisfaction are in
comparison with other family types, using Kawasaki, Kobe, Fukuoka
survey 2019. The result shows following. First, middle age men live alone
are isolated from social relation, compared with same age men living in
other family types and women. Second, in income working and household
working time, the differences between men and women are living alone are
smaller, and Third, their feelings of satisfaction are lower than people who
are living in other family types.
In addition, it is showed the difficulty for capturing the reality of middle
age people live alone using survey data, because they have large number of
people who are uncooperative with survey and do not answer some
questions of the questionnaire. We need accumulating the data of them and
developing new social survey skills for the research of them. The further
study about the living conditions of middle age people live alone would be
of a value to the studies for exploring our new solidarity beyond familism.departmental bulletin pape
Developing a Local Brand Strategy from a Consumer Perspective : The Case of Shatian Youzi in Rong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Get PDFIn recent years, local brand formation has been attracting attention in
China as an important means of promoting local agriculture, forestry, and
fisheries industries and local specialties, as well as regional revitalization.
Unlike marketing that focuses on services and sales, regional brands are
characterized by the fact that the basis of value is the connection with the
region, including the nature, history, social, climate, and cultural symbolic
elements unique to the region. New brand and marketing development is
then required.
In this paper, after analyzing the background of regional brands, we first
investigated consumer trends regarding regional brands. It also examines
the formation and development process of the regional brand of Shatian
Youzi in Rong County. Finally, we summarize the efforts that have been
made to build a regional brand for Rong Countyʼs Shatian Youzi and
present the challenges that need to be addressed.departmental bulletin pape
Labor Theory of Value in a Non-Fixed Coefficient Multi-Sector Model
Get PDFIn a narrow sense, the labor theory of value is the theory that relative
prices（exchange ratios）are determined by the ratio of the amount of
labor invested in each commodity. To give an example of Adam Smithʼs
explanation, the amount of labor to catch a beaver is twice the amount of
labor to catch a deer, then the exchange ratio would be１beaver＝２deer.
Adam Smith believed that this would only be possible in the early
uncivilized state. In contrast, as time went by, with Ricardo and Marx, the
scope of the labor theory of value became wider, including economies in
which capital existed. However, it cannot be said that almost all goods are
produced directly by labor alone in the present age, because an extremely
wide variety of goods are input into the economy. Under these production
conditions, it is by no means obvious that the exchange ratio is determined
by the ratio of the amount of labor invested.
In defense of the labor value theory, “in a real economy, fixed coefficients
are more realistic.”Neoclassical production functions, such as the CobbDouglas model, are unrealistic. This is one of the most powerful
counterarguments. However, there is another possible counterargument.
“Even if we adopt the neoclassical production function, the labor value
theory still holds. This is a more powerful counterargument. This is
because it argues that the labor value theory is valid even if we adopt the
position of modern economics.
The case of two sectors is treated in Onishi［2019］［2020］. However, it is
not easy to determine whether it is valid in three or more sectors. In this
paper, we show that the amount of invested labor is proportional to the
amount of output under a multisector model with a Cobb-Douglas type production function. In doing so, we consider a flow economy in which the
capital stock does not exist. This is because the existence of a capital stock
implies that a portion of the labor input in the current period remains as a
stock and is not fully embodied in output.
In this paper, by showing that the amount of labor invested in each good
is proportional to the amount of production, the labor value theory is
interpreted to mean that the exchange ratio of each good is determined by
the amount of labor invested in the good.departmental bulletin pape
ヒューマンライブラリーにおける 偏見低減に効果的な実践要素 ――精神障害当事者の語りに基づく講義形式の比較を通して――
Get PDFThe Human Library method is an attempt to reduce social prejudice against social
minorities. Challenges emerged in the author’s own research practice in which people
with mental disabilities told their stories at volunteer training seminars and social welfare
courses at school. Such storytelling practices surely have had a certain effect on the
receiving audience in challenging the stereotypes of the mentally disabled; yet it became
clear that the storytelling in a lecture format tended to be formulaic and one-sided. The
Human Library, a method born at a Denmark music festival in 2000, creates a library
space where a person becomes a “book” while other “readers” engage in a “dialogue” called
“reading” with the “book.” The dialogue resolves the challenges of lecture-style storytelling
and reveals the following elements of effective practices for reducing the readers’
prejudice against the book. They are 1. the reader’s signing of a pledge/agreement before
a dialogue participation, 2. the reader’s selection of the book, and 3. the dialogue between
the “book” and the “reader” called “reading.” These are expected to bring balance to the
power imbalance between the book as a minority with mental disabilities and the reader
as a majority without them. The reader as a social majority can reduce their prejudice
while showing some interests in the selected book and can become aware of their own
prejudice against the book as a minority. It is necessary to further clarify the training
procedures, such as how and who should carry out the roles of the “library director,”
“librarian,” “dictionary,” … etc. This study aims to reduce the prejudice of the social
majority against the minority with the Human Library practice.departmental bulletin pape
Decline in Youth Suicide Rate and its Background from 2010 to 2015
Get PDFFrom the 1990s to 2010, the suicide rate among young people has been on the rise, and
its impact on suicide trends in Japanese society as a whole has been significant. The rise
in the suicide rate among young people has been due to an increase in the unemployment
rate and suicides among unemployed people. Since 2010, the suicide rate among young
people has been declining. However, the factors that led to the decline in the suicide
mortality rate after 2010 have not been clarified.
In this paper, we analyzed official statistical data to examine which demographic groups’
suicide trends had a significant impact on the decline in the suicide rate between 2010
and 2015 by undertaking data decompositions in terms of household, employment status,
and household-employment status. The analysis revealed that the suicide rate among
young people has decreased due to the following three factors: （1） the decrease in the
suicide rate of people living others （two or more person household）, （2） the decrease in
the suicide rate among unemployed people, （3） the decrease in the suicide rate among
unemployed people living with others （two or more person household）.
Thus, the suicide trend among young people in Japan is strongly influenced by the
suicide trend among unemployed people. The next task is to identify the factors that
have reduced the suicide rate among unemployed people. For this purpose, further public
disclosure of official statistical data is desirable. It was also found that the suicide trends
of high-risk groups, such as unemployed people living alone have a small impact on the
suicide trends of young people. In addition to identifying high-risk groups for suicide,
research is also needed to clarify the factors that affect the suicide risk of demographic
groups that have a large impact on suicide trends.departmental bulletin pape
Vital Points and Limitations of Online Classes: Lessons from Support Classes for Job-Hunting
Get PDFMost classes at universities have been forced to change from face-to-face to an online
format due to the coronavirus pandemic. While many online classes have been just as
effective as face-to-face classes, it seems to be more difficult for some classes, specifically
those involving active learning, to be managed effectively. The purpose of this paper is
to analyze the vital points and limitations of online classes. For this purpose, the author
compared face-to-face classes and online classes for job-hunting support from several
viewpoints, and found effective differences between the two types of classes. Additionally,
the author also discusses the vital points and limitations of online classesdepartmental bulletin pape