Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan (Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Banjarmasin)
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Study of Microplastic Abundance in Animal Fish (Stolephorus Sp) With Microplastic Content in Stunting Clown's Breast Milk: Study in Kragan District, Rembang Regency
No full textThis study, conducted in Kragan District, investigated the prevalence of microplastics in Stolephorus sp. and their occurrence in the breast milk of stunted infants. Microplastics, emerging as a global oceanic pollutant, pose significant challenges due to their small size and potential impacts on marine and human health. The study focused on their possible transfer to infants via breast milk, raising concerns about associated health risks, including toxicity and infection. Stunting, a critical health issue affecting 14% of Rembang Regency's population, provided the backdrop for this research. The study included all Stolephorus Sp. Sold in Kragan Subdistrict and collected breast milk samples from 11 stunted infants. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design, the researchers utilized total sampling based on predefined criteria. Analysis revealed microplastics in both Stolephorus Sp. and breast milk, predominantly as fibers and filaments in black and blue colors. Particle sizes varied widely, with Stolephorus sp. containing 1.00–2.13 particles per specimen and breast milk containing 0.20–3.00 per milliliter. The study identified a correlation between microplastic abundance in Stolephorus sp. and its presence in breast milk among stunted infants. However, no correlation was found between Stolephorus sp. Consumption frequency and microplastic levels in breast milk. These findings underscore the potential pathways of microplastic exposure to infants and highlight the need for further investigation into their health impacts, particularly among vulnerable populations. Future research should continue exploring these dynamics to understand better and mitigate the risks associated with microplastic contamination in food chains and human health.This study, conducted in Kragan District, investigated the prevalence of microplastics in Stolephorus sp. and their occurrence in the breast milk of stunted infants. Microplastics, emerging as a global oceanic pollutant, pose significant challenges due to their small size and potential impacts on marine and human health. The study focused on their possible transfer to infants via breast milk, raising concerns about associated health risks, including toxicity and infection. Stunting, a critical health issue affecting 14% of Rembang Regency's population, provided the backdrop for this research. The study included all Stolephorus Sp. Sold in Kragan Subdistrict and collected breast milk samples from 11 stunted infants. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design, the researchers utilized total sampling based on predefined criteria. Analysis revealed microplastics in both Stolephorus Sp. and breast milk, predominantly as fibers and filaments in black and blue colors. Particle sizes varied widely, with Stolephorus sp. containing 1.00–2.13 particles per specimen and breast milk containing 0.20–3.00 per milliliter. The study identified a correlation between microplastic abundance in Stolephorus sp. and its presence in breast milk among stunted infants. However, no correlation was found between Stolephorus sp. Consumption frequency and microplastic levels in breast milk. These findings underscore the potential pathways of microplastic exposure to infants and highlight the need for further investigation into their health impacts, particularly among vulnerable populations. Future research should continue exploring these dynamics to understand better and mitigate the risks associated with microplastic contamination in food chains and human health
Management of the Work Environment to Reduce Blood Lead (BLL) Levels in the Assay Laboratory
No full textAssay Laboratory in PT Freeport Indonesia's Concentrating Division, especially for conducting fire assay. Litharge (lead oxide) is a reagent used to test mineral levels; the content of precious metals is called Au. Although lead exposure is low, prolonged exposure to lead could accumulate in the human system, resulting in poisoning or toxicity. This study aimed to determine the effect of work environment management in assay laboratories on reducing blood lead levels during fire assay analysis. This research is a quantitative cohort study. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques are used in different tests. Data collection was conducted using laboratory tests to take blood samples once a year regularly for every worker working in the assay laboratory. Based on the results of the different tests, a T value of 5,638 was obtained with a Sig value of 0.011 (α˂5%), so it can be concluded that there was a decrease in blood Pb levels in workers before and after managing the work environment. Recommended exposure standards are floor exposure values for laboratories (other than fire test laboratories) not to exceed 2.2 mg/m2 (200 μg/ft2) and surface in dining areas not to exceed 0.43 mg/m2 (40 μg/ft2). Improving working environment conditions by procuring a laundry system and lockers, procuring more than one laboratory coat, procuring sinks in every corner of the laboratory, and having special soap for washing hands has proven to be able to reduce Pb exposure rates in assay laboratories from 2019 to 2022.
Assay Laboratory in PT Freeport Indonesia's Concentrating Division, especially for conducting fire assay. Litharge (lead oxide) is a reagent used to test mineral levels; the content of precious metals is called Au. Although lead exposure is low, prolonged exposure to lead could accumulate in the human system, resulting in poisoning or toxicity. This study aimed to determine the effect of work environment management in assay laboratories on reducing blood lead levels during fire assay analysis. This research is a quantitative cohort study. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques are used in different tests. Data collection was conducted using laboratory tests to take blood samples once a year regularly for every worker working in the assay laboratory. Based on the results of the different tests, a T value of 5,638 was obtained with a Sig value of 0.011 (α˂5%), so it can be concluded that there was a decrease in blood Pb levels in workers before and after managing the work environment. Recommended exposure standards are floor exposure values for laboratories (other than fire test laboratories) not to exceed 2.2 mg/m2 (200 μg/ft2) and surface in dining areas not to exceed 0.43 mg/m2 (40 μg/ft2). Improving working environment conditions by procuring a laundry system and lockers, procuring more than one laboratory coat, procuring sinks in every corner of the laboratory, and having special soap for washing hands has proven to be able to reduce Pb exposure rates in assay laboratories from 2019 to 2022.
Relationship of Water Media Characteristics (pH, Temperature, TDS) to Density of Aedes sp Mosquito Flars in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan District
No full textDHF (Dengue hemorrhagic fever) is a tropical endemic disease in Indonesia with a fluctuating trend in Lamongan. The main factor under control is the larval breeding habitat. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the water medium and the density of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan Regency. We conducted this quantitative study using a cross-sectional observational method on a sample of 80 houses in Karanggeneng Village, employing a straightforward random sampling technique. We recorded the data collection in the observation sheet and analyzed it with a chi-square test. The results showed that 37 houses were positive for Aedes sp. larvae based on HI (DF = 6), CI (DF = 6), and BI (DF = 7), so Karanggeneng Village has a high mosquito larval density. There is a significant relationship between water media and the presence of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae. The relationship between pH (p-value = 0.000), temperature (p-value = 0.000), and TDS (p-value = 0.000) is significant. We recommend regularly draining the water container weekly to prevent mosquito larvae from using it as a habitat.DHF (Dengue hemorrhagic fever) is a tropical endemic disease in Indonesia with a fluctuating trend in Lamongan. The main factor under control is the larval breeding habitat. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the water medium and the density of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan Regency. We conducted this quantitative study using a cross-sectional observational method on a sample of 80 houses in Karanggeneng Village, employing a straightforward random sampling technique. We recorded the data collection in the observation sheet and analyzed it with a chi-square test. The results showed that 37 houses were positive for Aedes sp. larvae based on HI (DF = 6), CI (DF = 6), and BI (DF = 7), so Karanggeneng Village has a high mosquito larval density. There is a significant relationship between water media and the presence of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae. The relationship between pH (p-value = 0.000), temperature (p-value = 0.000), and TDS (p-value = 0.000) is significant. We recommend regularly draining the water container weekly to prevent mosquito larvae from using it as a habitat
Effectiveness of Lime (Citrus amblycarpa) Solution in Improving the Bacteriological Quality of Tableware
No full textAccording to research on cutlery, it did not meet the bacteriological quality requirements for cleanliness because the disinfection process was not carried out. nfection process is necessary to enhance the cleanliness of cutlery, employing both chemical and natural methods. Lime zest is a natural ingredient that can be used for disinfection because it contains compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids that are antibacterial by damaging cell membranes. The study's goal was to determine the efficacy of lime (Citrus amblycarpa) solution in improving the bacteriological quality of cutlery. This research is experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The study included a total of 24 cutlery (plate) samples. We collected the data by examining the number of germs and Escherichia coli in each sample. Using Kruskal-Wallis, we analysed bacterial count data. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli could not be tested because all the samples were negative. The results showed that the cutlery (plate) before treatment did not contain Escherichia coli. By taking swab samples of the cutlery (plates), we found that the number of germs after disinfection treatment ranged from 1 to 33 colonies/cm2. Lime solution is ineffective at reducing the number of germs. It is recommended that the shop manager use running water and provide a place for draining and storing closed cutlery. Future researchers can conduct laboratory tests first to prove the effect of lime zest on Escherichia coli and carry out control treatments before concentration treatments.According to research on cutlery, it did not meet the bacteriological quality requirements for cleanliness because the disinfection process was not carried out. nfection process is necessary to enhance the cleanliness of cutlery, employing both chemical and natural methods. Lime zest is a natural ingredient that can be used for disinfection because it contains compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids that are antibacterial by damaging cell membranes. The study's goal was to determine the efficacy of lime (Citrus amblycarpa) solution in improving the bacteriological quality of cutlery. This research is experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The study included a total of 24 cutlery (plate) samples. We collected the data by examining the number of germs and Escherichia coli in each sample. Using Kruskal-Wallis, we analysed bacterial count data. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli could not be tested because all the samples were negative. The results showed that the cutlery (plate) before treatment did not contain Escherichia coli. By taking swab samples of the cutlery (plates), we found that the number of germs after disinfection treatment ranged from 1 to 33 colonies/cm2. Lime solution is ineffective at reducing the number of germs. It is recommended that the shop manager use running water and provide a place for draining and storing closed cutlery. Future researchers can conduct laboratory tests first to prove the effect of lime zest on Escherichia coli and carry out control treatments before concentration treatments
The Relationship between Noise Intensity and Blood Pressure in Communities Around Bangkal Village
No full textNoise is a serious problem because it can have an impact on health, one of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Noise can come from inside or outside the house. One source of noise from outside the house is traffic. Noise comes from the sound produced by motorized vehicles, especially from the engine, exhaust, and the interaction between the wheels and the road. This research aims to determine and analyze the relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure in the community around Bangkal Village. This research is observational analytic, using a cross-sectional design. Observations were made on 68 people, consisting of 40 people for the cluster on the side of the road and 28 people for the cluster 32 m from the road. Data were analyzed using the gamma correlation test. A sound level meter was used to collect noise data, a blood pressure meter was used to collect blood pressure data, and a questionnaire was used to collect respondent characteristics. The research results show that noise ranges between 46.6 dBA – 72.3 dBA. Twelve people (40%) suffered from high blood pressure, and 28 people (60%) had normal blood pressure. There is no significant relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure. This information is helpful for future researchers conducting further research by considering other variables or carrying out noise measurements in the house (indoors).Noise is a serious problem because it can have an impact on health, one of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Noise can come from inside or outside the house. One source of noise from outside the house is traffic. Noise comes from the sound produced by motorized vehicles, especially from the engine, exhaust, and the interaction between the wheels and the road. This research aims to determine and analyze the relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure in the community around Bangkal Village. This research is observational analytic, using a cross-sectional design. Observations were made on 68 people, consisting of 40 people for the cluster on the side of the road and 28 people for the cluster 32 m from the road. Data were analyzed using the gamma correlation test. A sound level meter was used to collect noise data, a blood pressure meter was used to collect blood pressure data, and a questionnaire was used to collect respondent characteristics. The research results show that noise ranges between 46.6 dBA – 72.3 dBA. Twelve people (40%) suffered from high blood pressure, and 28 people (60%) had normal blood pressure. There is no significant relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure. This information is helpful for future researchers conducting further research by considering other variables or carrying out noise measurements in the house (indoors)
Level of Knowledge and Hygiene Practices of Food Handlers and Escherichia Coli Contamination of Food in “B” Catering
No full textA food handler is a person who performs food processing activities, ranging from raw materials to food served. Knowledge of food hygiene and the attitude of food stewards will certainly influence sanitary hygiene practices, especially when processing food, resulting in foods not contaminated by physical, chemical, or biological substances. The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and hygiene practices among food stewards and the presence of Escherichia coli in the food at “B” Catering in Samarinda City. The research method was quantitative with a descriptive approach, a total sampling technique for food handler samples, and then, for food samples, the menu of interest was selected. Results The knowledge level of food stewards was 83.3%, comparable to 13.3%, while less than 3.3% possessed this level of knowledge. Food inspectors who practiced good hygiene accounted for 66.7%, those who practiced sufficient hygiene accounted for 30.0%, and those who practiced less hygiene accounted for 3.3%. Additionally, laboratory tests revealed that food samples in the excellent quality category, with a 0 CFU/gr value, were not contaminated with Escherichia coli. The conclusion of the knowledge level overview, the hygiene practices of food handlers, and the contamination of food by Escherichia coli all yielded positive results.A food handler is a person who performs food processing activities, ranging from raw materials to food served. Knowledge of food hygiene and the attitude of food stewards will certainly influence sanitary hygiene practices, especially when processing food, resulting in foods not contaminated by physical, chemical, or biological substances. The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and hygiene practices among food stewards and the presence of Escherichia coli in the food at “B” Catering in Samarinda City. The research method was quantitative with a descriptive approach, a total sampling technique for food handler samples, and then, for food samples, the menu of interest was selected. Results The knowledge level of food stewards was 83.3%, comparable to 13.3%, while less than 3.3% possessed this level of knowledge. Food inspectors who practiced good hygiene accounted for 66.7%, those who practiced sufficient hygiene accounted for 30.0%, and those who practiced less hygiene accounted for 3.3%. Additionally, laboratory tests revealed that food samples in the excellent quality category, with a 0 CFU/gr value, were not contaminated with Escherichia coli. The conclusion of the knowledge level overview, the hygiene practices of food handlers, and the contamination of food by Escherichia coli all yielded positive results
Relationship between Knowledge and Working Period with Compliance with the Use of Pesticide Spray PPE by Farmers in Triyagan Village
No full textIn 2019, there were 147 cases of agricultural pesticide poisoning in Indonesia. Preventing pesticide poisoning requires a high knowledge of personal protective equipment (PPE) and extensive work experience among farmers. This helps farmers become more skilled and aware of the risks, making them more careful and compliant with PPE usage. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and years of service with compliance in using PPE when spraying pesticides. The research is analytical and observational with a cross-sectional design. Respondents were 57 farmers from Triyagan Village, all members of farmer groups. Total sampling was used to select participants. The research instruments included a questionnaire to assess farmers' knowledge and years of service and an observation sheet to evaluate PPE compliance. Data were analyzed using the gamma test and logistic regression. Bivariate analysis with the gamma test revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and years of service with PPE compliance among farmers in Triyagan Village (p = 0.033; r = 0.525; p = 0.037; r = 0.402). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression further confirmed the significant relationship, indicating that knowledge had a greater influence on PPE compliance than years of service (p = 0.033; OR = 3.319; p = 0.037; OR = 1.708). In conclusion, knowledge and tenure are significantly related to PPE compliance among farmers in Triyagan Village. Enhanced knowledge appears to be the critical factor in properly using PPE when spraying pesticides.In 2019, there were 147 cases of agricultural pesticide poisoning in Indonesia. Preventing pesticide poisoning requires a high knowledge of personal protective equipment (PPE) and extensive work experience among farmers. This helps farmers become more skilled and aware of the risks, making them more careful and compliant with PPE usage. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and years of service with compliance in using PPE when spraying pesticides. The research is analytical and observational with a cross-sectional design. Respondents were 57 farmers from Triyagan Village, all members of farmer groups. Total sampling was used to select participants. The research instruments included a questionnaire to assess farmers' knowledge and years of service and an observation sheet to evaluate PPE compliance. Data were analyzed using the gamma test and logistic regression. Bivariate analysis with the gamma test revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and years of service with PPE compliance among farmers in Triyagan Village (p = 0.033; r = 0.525; p = 0.037; r = 0.402). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression further confirmed the significant relationship, indicating that knowledge had a greater influence on PPE compliance than years of service (p = 0.033; OR = 3.319; p = 0.037; OR = 1.708). In conclusion, knowledge and tenure are significantly related to PPE compliance among farmers in Triyagan Village. Enhanced knowledge appears to be the critical factor in properly using PPE when spraying pesticides
Effect of Adding Local Microorganisms in Pineapple Skin (Ananas comosus l. merr) on NPK Levels in The Manufacture of Liquid Compost Based on Tofu Waste
No full textTofu industry liquid waste can be used as a base ingredient in making liquid compost. Liquid compost is made from liquid organic materials/waste by adding a compost activator. One effective activator is local microorganisms (MOL) derived from the fermentation of easily found materials, which decompose organic compounds and can substitute for the EM-4 decomposer. This research aims to determine the effect of adding pineapple peel MOL on the N, P, and K levels of liquid compost based on tofu waste. This experimental research used a Pretest-Posttest with Control Group design. The population and sample were liquid waste from the Dinanti Banjarbaru Tofu Factory. Data analysis utilized the Kruskal-Wallis’s test and simple regression test. Results showed that adding pineapple peel MOL increased N, P, and K levels in liquid compost made from tofu waste. The optimal dose for adding pineapple peel MOL has not been established, but a 200 ml dose showed a statistically significant difference. Pineapple peel MOL can be used as a decomposer to create liquid compost from tofu waste as a substitute for EM-4. However, additional organic materials are needed to enhance the N, P, and K nutrients to meet quality standards. Future research should explore combining starter/decomposer compositions with organic materials to achieve optimal liquid organic fertilizer quality according to compost quality standards.Tofu industry liquid waste can be used as a base ingredient in making liquid compost. Liquid compost is made from liquid organic materials/waste by adding a compost activator. One effective activator is local microorganisms (MOL) derived from the fermentation of easily found materials, which decompose organic compounds and can substitute for the EM-4 decomposer. This research aims to determine the effect of adding pineapple peel MOL on the N, P, and K levels of liquid compost based on tofu waste. This experimental research used a Pretest-Posttest with Control Group design. The population and sample were liquid waste from the Dinanti Banjarbaru Tofu Factory. Data analysis utilized the Kruskal-Wallis’s test and simple regression test. Results showed that adding pineapple peel MOL increased N, P, and K levels in liquid compost made from tofu waste. The optimal dose for adding pineapple peel MOL has not been established, but a 200 ml dose showed a statistically significant difference. Pineapple peel MOL can be used as a decomposer to create liquid compost from tofu waste as a substitute for EM-4. However, additional organic materials are needed to enhance the N, P, and K nutrients to meet quality standards. Future research should explore combining starter/decomposer compositions with organic materials to achieve optimal liquid organic fertilizer quality according to compost quality standards
Impact of Risks Due to Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) on Communities Around the Medang Prabumulih River TPA
No full textSungai Medang Landfill in Prabumulih City manages waste through the sanitary landfill method, though not optimally. Waste undergoes anaerobic decay by microorganisms, producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. Low concentrations of H2S can irritate the eyes, nose, or throat. This study aimed to analyze the environmental health risks of H2S exposure to communities around the Medang Prabumulih River landfill. The Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) method with a deterministic approach was used. The study sampled 92 people living within a radius of 250 meters and ±500 meters, using purposive sampling techniques. Results showed the highest concentration of H2S at 0.0015 μg/m3 and the lowest at 0.0001 μg/m3. The average intake value (real time) was 0.00053 μg/m3, with a risk level of 0.267 RQ (<1). These results indicate that the current risk level due to H2S exposure is safe and does not pose non-carcinogenic health risks. However, future increases in H2S concentrations may occur due to the rising amount of waste from increased population and urbanization. It is recommended to install air purifiers in homes and plant barrier plants like Liriope spicata (lilyturf/monkey grass) around residences to reduce odors from the landfill.Sungai Medang Landfill in Prabumulih City manages waste through the sanitary landfill method, though not optimally. Waste undergoes anaerobic decay by microorganisms, producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. Low concentrations of H2S can irritate the eyes, nose, or throat. This study aimed to analyze the environmental health risks of H2S exposure to communities around the Medang Prabumulih River landfill. The Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) method with a deterministic approach was used. The study sampled 92 people living within a radius of 250 meters and ±500 meters, using purposive sampling techniques. Results showed the highest concentration of H2S at 0.0015 μg/m3 and the lowest at 0.0001 μg/m3. The average intake value (real time) was 0.00053 μg/m3, with a risk level of 0.267 RQ (<1). These results indicate that the current risk level due to H2S exposure is safe and does not pose non-carcinogenic health risks. However, future increases in H2S concentrations may occur due to the rising amount of waste from increased population and urbanization. It is recommended to install air purifiers in homes and plant barrier plants like Liriope spicata (lilyturf/monkey grass) around residences to reduce odors from the landfill
Analysis of River Water Pollution on the Population of Tin Head Fish (Aplocheilus panchax) in an Islamic Perspective
No full textThe community's disposal of various types of waste leads to a high level of water pollution, which in turn causes a decline in both water quality and quantity. Pollution is the entry or containment of living things through human activities, resulting in a decrease in quality to a certain level, which leads to the environment not operating as specified. Various types of waste contribute to pollution, creating chemical and organic compounds that pose a threat to living organisms. This study aims to record and provide information on the effect of river water pollution on the population of tinhead fish (Aplocheilus panchax) in the river Jl. Purworejo, Central Java. The research methodology was carried out on the river Jl. Purworejo, Central Java, with the tools and materials used in the form of GPS smartphones, cameras, stationery (field books, pens), fish, and garbage in the research location. We conducted descriptive exploratory research, literature reviews, and library studies. We once collected data from a garbage-covered river. Observations confirmed that there were as many as seven species of tinhead fish in river waters. The findings indicate that the presence of organic and inorganic waste in polluted waters has an impact on the quantity of tinhead fish inhabiting clean waters with lush vegetation. This report is the first piece of information regarding the influence of river water quality on Jl. Purworejo, Central Java. Other parts of the river require research and cleanup efforts.The community's disposal of various types of waste leads to a high level of water pollution, which in turn causes a decline in both water quality and quantity. Pollution is the entry or containment of living things through human activities, resulting in a decrease in quality to a certain level, which leads to the environment not operating as specified. Various types of waste contribute to pollution, creating chemical and organic compounds that pose a threat to living organisms. This study aims to record and provide information on the effect of river water pollution on the population of tinhead fish (Aplocheilus panchax) in the river Jl. Purworejo, Central Java. The research methodology was carried out on the river Jl. Purworejo, Central Java, with the tools and materials used in the form of GPS smartphones, cameras, stationery (field books, pens), fish, and garbage in the research location. We conducted descriptive exploratory research, literature reviews, and library studies. We once collected data from a garbage-covered river. Observations confirmed that there were as many as seven species of tinhead fish in river waters. The findings indicate that the presence of organic and inorganic waste in polluted waters has an impact on the quantity of tinhead fish inhabiting clean waters with lush vegetation. This report is the first piece of information regarding the influence of river water quality on Jl. Purworejo, Central Java. Other parts of the river require research and cleanup efforts