Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan (Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Banjarmasin)
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Analysis of Sanitation and Diarrhea Factors with The Incidence of Stunting in Indonesia: A Meta-Analysis Study
No full textStunting is a significant public health problem for toddlers in developing countries. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2018 was 30.8%. Referring to the target of the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) in 2019, the stunting rate of 28% has yet to be achieved. Determinants of stunting include direct and indirect factors. Direct factors are nutritional intake and infectious diseases. Indirect factors are food adequacy, parenting, sanitation, clean water, and essential health services. This study aims to summarize scientific evidence related to the relationship between sanitation and diarrhea factors and stunting in toddlers. This study uses meta-analysis, and article sources come from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Based on the inclusion requirements of the writing, namely informing about sanitation and diarrhea with stunting cases in toddlers, observational research designs, and publication years 2018–2022, 15 articles were obtained. Based on the meta-analysis results, sanitation (clean water) was the highest risk factor, with a pooled value of PR = 4.437 (95% CI 0.67–2.30). The lowest risk factor was latrines, with a pooled PR = 2.459 (95% CI -0.04–1.39). Analysis of diarrhea variables with pooled value PR = 1,404 (95% CI 0.12–0.56). It was concluded that the most significant risk was the clean water factor. Essential factors to control stunting risk are preparing the availability of clean water, advocating for local governments to take a leading role in providing clean water to areas in need, initiating behavior change, and increasing awareness about stunting risks as part of prevention programs.Stunting is a significant public health problem for toddlers in developing countries. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2018 was 30.8%. Referring to the target of the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) in 2019, the stunting rate of 28% has yet to be achieved. Determinants of stunting include direct and indirect factors. Direct factors are nutritional intake and infectious diseases. Indirect factors are food adequacy, parenting, sanitation, clean water, and essential health services. This study aims to summarize scientific evidence related to the relationship between sanitation and diarrhea factors and stunting in toddlers. This study uses meta-analysis, and article sources come from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Based on the inclusion requirements of the writing, namely informing about sanitation and diarrhea with stunting cases in toddlers, observational research designs, and publication years 2018–2022, 15 articles were obtained. Based on the meta-analysis results, sanitation (clean water) was the highest risk factor, with a pooled value of PR = 4.437 (95% CI 0.67–2.30). The lowest risk factor was latrines, with a pooled PR = 2.459 (95% CI -0.04–1.39). Analysis of diarrhea variables with pooled value PR = 1,404 (95% CI 0.12–0.56). It was concluded that the most significant risk was the clean water factor. Essential factors to control stunting risk are preparing the availability of clean water, advocating for local governments to take a leading role in providing clean water to areas in need, initiating behavior change, and increasing awareness about stunting risks as part of prevention programs
The EM4 Addition Affect Water Absorption Time and Compost Quality in Biopore Infiltration Hole
No full textA biopore infiltration hole can handle organic household waste for the composting process. It can be optimized by adding an Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) activator. This study aims to determine the effect of EM4 addition on water adsorption time, compost weight, and compost quality, according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Lamongan Islamic University's Laboratory of Environmental and Health Science determined the compost test's nutrient content. A cylindrical hole was drilled into the ground using a BIH drill with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 50, 75, and 100 cm, with a distance of 100 cm for each hole. The materials used in this study included domestic organic waste, leaves explicitly, and kitchen waste, a 50-ml liquid EM4 "Agriculture" activator diluted with 100 ml of distilled water, and 10 grams of granulated sugar. The experiment was conducted for 15, 30, and 45 days. To measure the water absorption time, a 2x1x1 m barrier is needed to accommodate 2 m3. The difference in BIH diameter can affect the infiltration rate at the Biopores Infiltration Hole (BIH). The measurement's highest water absorption occurred at the beginning of the 15th day. The addition of EM4 affects the decomposition process and can increase the water absorption rate for 45 days. The EM4 additions affect the decomposition process's timing. Additionally, the addition of EM4 impacts the nutrients in the compost. The addition of EM4 increased the value of C-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total potassium in the BIH compost.A biopore infiltration hole can handle organic household waste for the composting process. It can be optimized by adding an Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) activator. This study aims to determine the effect of EM4 addition on water adsorption time, compost weight, and compost quality, according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Lamongan Islamic University's Laboratory of Environmental and Health Science determined the compost test's nutrient content. A cylindrical hole was drilled into the ground using a BIH drill with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 50, 75, and 100 cm, with a distance of 100 cm for each hole. The materials used in this study included domestic organic waste, leaves explicitly, and kitchen waste, a 50-ml liquid EM4 "Agriculture" activator diluted with 100 ml of distilled water, and 10 grams of granulated sugar. The experiment was conducted for 15, 30, and 45 days. To measure the water absorption time, a 2x1x1 m barrier is needed to accommodate 2 m3. The difference in BIH diameter can affect the infiltration rate at the Biopores Infiltration Hole (BIH). The measurement's highest water absorption occurred at the beginning of the 15th day. The addition of EM4 affects the decomposition process and can increase the water absorption rate for 45 days. The EM4 additions affect the decomposition process's timing. Additionally, the addition of EM4 impacts the nutrients in the compost. The addition of EM4 increased the value of C-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total potassium in the BIH compost
Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in the Home and the Risk of Pneumonia in Toddlers in Indonesia: Systematic Study
No full textPneumonia is a respiratory disease that affects more than 287,000 children under five in Indonesia, with 444 deaths among those under five. One of the factors causing pneumonia is exposure to tobacco smoke in the home. This study aimed to describe the association between exposure to indoor tobacco smoke and the incidence of pneumonia among under-fives in Indonesia. This study method was a systematic review using articles from national and international journal databases. Databases used included Google Scholar, Garuda Portal, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Springer Link. Articles in this study used the case-control method, published between 2013 and 2023, and focused on the association between indoor tobacco smoke exposure and under-five pneumonia incidence. There were 15 articles reviewed in this study. From the review of 15 articles, factors of exposure to secondhand smoke found in the home include the smoking habits of family members, the presence of family members who smoke, the number of family members who smoke, the location of smoking in the house, the presence of secondhand smoke exposure in the house, the number of cigarettes consumed by family members, the togetherness of infants with smokers, and the smoking status of the father. Most articles show a significant association between exposure to tobacco smoke in the home and the incidence of under-five pneumonia, so it can be concluded that exposure to tobacco smoke in the house is associated with pneumonia in under-fives.Pneumonia is a respiratory disease that affects more than 287,000 children under five in Indonesia, with 444 deaths among those under five. One of the factors causing pneumonia is exposure to tobacco smoke in the home. This study aimed to describe the association between exposure to indoor tobacco smoke and the incidence of pneumonia among under-fives in Indonesia. This study method was a systematic review using articles from national and international journal databases. Databases used included Google Scholar, Garuda Portal, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Springer Link. Articles in this study used the case-control method, published between 2013 and 2023, and focused on the association between indoor tobacco smoke exposure and under-five pneumonia incidence. There were 15 articles reviewed in this study. From the review of 15 articles, factors of exposure to secondhand smoke found in the home include the smoking habits of family members, the presence of family members who smoke, the number of family members who smoke, the location of smoking in the house, the presence of secondhand smoke exposure in the house, the number of cigarettes consumed by family members, the togetherness of infants with smokers, and the smoking status of the father. Most articles show a significant association between exposure to tobacco smoke in the home and the incidence of under-five pneumonia, so it can be concluded that exposure to tobacco smoke in the house is associated with pneumonia in under-fives
Bacteriological Quality of Tableware in Culinary Tourism Centers
No full textCulinary centers should pay attention to washing tableware if it is not good enough to cause health problems. Microbiological preliminary tests in the culinary tourism center calculated the number of germs on 12 tableware traders and found that six tableware did not meet the requirements. This study aims to determine the process of washing tableware in culinary centers; this study was a descriptive study with purposive sampling. Data collection used observations and laboratory tests, which were analyzed descriptively using tables in the form of narrative; the examination of tableware in the form of plates, spoons, forks, and glasses found germ numbers. At the same time, the examination of the clean watered coliform total parameter was 48 CFU/m2. The washing process obtained results of 60% qualified and 40% did not qualify because it did not comply with the provisions; the conclusion of this study was found the number of germs on tableware, as well as clean water on the total coliform parameters were not qualified, in the washing process most of them were not competent, so the advice of the researcher was that traders must pay attention and increase knowledge about the technique of washing tableware and draining the watered reservoir regularlyments below. I thanked everyone for their suggestions on how to improve this converter.Culinary centers should pay attention to washing tableware if it is not good enough to cause health problems. Microbiological preliminary tests in the culinary tourism center calculated the number of germs on 12 tableware traders and found that six tableware did not meet the requirements. This study aims to determine the process of washing tableware in culinary centers; this study was a descriptive study with purposive sampling. Data collection used observations and laboratory tests, which were analyzed descriptively using tables in the form of narrative; the examination of tableware in the form of plates, spoons, forks, and glasses found germ numbers. At the same time, the examination of the clean watered coliform total parameter was 48 CFU/m2. The washing process obtained results of 60% qualified and 40% did not qualify because it did not comply with the provisions; the conclusion of this study was found the number of germs on tableware, as well as clean water on the total coliform parameters were not qualified, in the washing process most of them were not competent, so the advice of the researcher was that traders must pay attention and increase knowledge about the technique of washing tableware and draining the watered reservoir regularlyments below. I thanked everyone for their suggestions on how to improve this converter
Analysis Factor of Diarrhea with Latrine Ownership and Clean Water Availability in Indonesia: Meta Analysis 2016-2021
No full textThe study examines the relationship between Diarrhea, Latrine Ownership, and Clean Water Availability in Indonesia, specifically focusing on 2016 to 2021. According to the 2018 RISKESDAS, the age group with the highest diarrhea prevalence, as health workers diagnosed, was 1 to 4 years (1.5%), followed by infants (9%). West Java Province had the highest prevalence of diarrhea by province, with a rate of 186.809. The purpose is to analyze data related to latrine ownership and the availability of clean water about the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia. The method is meta-analysis. We used a cross-sectional approach to collect secondary data from articles from March to April 2023. The results show that ownership of a latrine that does not meet the requirements is 2,013 times more likely to cause diarrhea than ownership of a latrine that meets the requirements. From the results of the meta-analysis of the variable availability of clean water, it is known that the availability of clean water that does not meet the requirements is 1,858 times more at risk of causing diarrhea than the availability of clean water that meets the requirements. The conclusion is that the variable that has the most significant influence on latrine ownership and the availability of clean water is latrine ownership. We suggest minimizing risk factors by counseling the community, emphasizing the importance and benefits of having healthy latrines that meet requirements and the availability of clean water to prevent diarrheal disease.
The study examines the relationship between Diarrhea, Latrine Ownership, and Clean Water Availability in Indonesia, specifically focusing on 2016 to 2021. According to the 2018 RISKESDAS, the age group with the highest diarrhea prevalence, as health workers diagnosed, was 1 to 4 years (1.5%), followed by infants (9%). West Java Province had the highest prevalence of diarrhea by province, with a rate of 186.809. The purpose is to analyze data related to latrine ownership and the availability of clean water about the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia. The method is meta-analysis. We used a cross-sectional approach to collect secondary data from articles from March to April 2023. The results show that ownership of a latrine that does not meet the requirements is 2,013 times more likely to cause diarrhea than ownership of a latrine that meets the requirements. From the results of the meta-analysis of the variable availability of clean water, it is known that the availability of clean water that does not meet the requirements is 1,858 times more at risk of causing diarrhea than the availability of clean water that meets the requirements. The conclusion is that the variable that has the most significant influence on latrine ownership and the availability of clean water is latrine ownership. We suggest minimizing risk factors by counseling the community, emphasizing the importance and benefits of having healthy latrines that meet requirements and the availability of clean water to prevent diarrheal disease.
Use of Paci and Alum to Reduce Tss Levels in People's Rubber Soaking Liquid Waste
No full textThe coagulants used are PACl and alum because, in addition to their low price, PACl and alum are also proven to reduce turbidity and TSS levels in wastewater. This study aimed to determine the effect of PACl and alum on reducing TSS levels in people's rubber bath waste. This type of research is classified as an actual experiment, utilizing a pretest and posttest design with a control group. Integrated sampling was the sampling technique used in this study. Statistical analysis is performed using the normality test, and if the data is normally distributed, it is continued with the one-way ANOVA test. The normality test results showed average distributed TSS level data. They continued the Anova test (p = 0.005 < ɑ = 0.05), which found a difference between PACl and alum coagulant in reducing TSS levels in people's rubber immersion liquid waste. A PACl dose of 1200 mg/L lowered TSS levels by 46%. While the alum dose of 3000 mg/LL has not been able to reduce TSS levels, The variation in the dose of PACl and alum coagulants should be reduced again to be optimal for reducing TSS levels in liquid waste. To meet the quality standards of rubber immersion waste by reducing TSS levels, liquid waste with acidic or alkaline properties needs a neutralization process by adding lime.The coagulants used are PACl and alum because, in addition to their low price, PACl and alum are also proven to reduce turbidity and TSS levels in wastewater. This study aimed to determine the effect of PACl and alum on reducing TSS levels in people's rubber bath waste. This type of research is classified as an actual experiment, utilizing a pretest and posttest design with a control group. Integrated sampling was the sampling technique used in this study. Statistical analysis is performed using the normality test, and if the data is normally distributed, it is continued with the one-way ANOVA test. The normality test results showed average distributed TSS level data. They continued the Anova test (p = 0.005 < ɑ = 0.05), which found a difference between PACl and alum coagulant in reducing TSS levels in people's rubber immersion liquid waste. A PACl dose of 1200 mg/L lowered TSS levels by 46%. While the alum dose of 3000 mg/LL has not been able to reduce TSS levels, The variation in the dose of PACl and alum coagulants should be reduced again to be optimal for reducing TSS levels in liquid waste. To meet the quality standards of rubber immersion waste by reducing TSS levels, liquid waste with acidic or alkaline properties needs a neutralization process by adding lime
Implementation of WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) with Stunting Incidents in Pujer District, Bondowoso Regency
No full textThe Government of Indonesia is working with the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to support a development program for the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector. Globally, access to WASH is still inadequate, and diseases resulting from poor WASH contribute to 13% of under-five deaths. Poor sanitation can cause various diseases, including nutritional problems such as stunting. In 2021, Bondowoso will become one of the 10 regencies or cities with the most considerable prevalence of stunting under five in East Java. Therefore, it is essential to research and examine the link between the success of WASH implementation and the stunting rate in Pujer District, Bondowoso Regency. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted in the Pujer District with 67 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. The study used several variables, including the hygiene behaviour of mothers under five, the ownership of access to family sanitation, the physical quality of family drinking water, the incidence of infectious diseases (diarrhoea) in children, and the nutritional status of children based on height and age (TB/U). The analyses were univariate, crosstab, and scoring. There were 16 families (24.4%) with an unsuccessful WASH assessment but no stunting below five, and 33 families (49.25%) with a successful WASH assessment but no stunting below five. It was concluded that the better the WASH was applied, the better the nutritional status of the toddlers; conversely, the worse the WASH was implemented, the worse the nutritional status of the toddlers.The Government of Indonesia is working with the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to support a development program for the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector. Globally, access to WASH is still inadequate, and diseases resulting from poor WASH contribute to 13% of under-five deaths. Poor sanitation can cause various diseases, including nutritional problems such as stunting. In 2021, Bondowoso will become one of the 10 regencies or cities with the most considerable prevalence of stunting under five in East Java. Therefore, it is essential to research and examine the link between the success of WASH implementation and the stunting rate in Pujer District, Bondowoso Regency. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted in the Pujer District with 67 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. The study used several variables, including the hygiene behaviour of mothers under five, the ownership of access to family sanitation, the physical quality of family drinking water, the incidence of infectious diseases (diarrhoea) in children, and the nutritional status of children based on height and age (TB/U). The analyses were univariate, crosstab, and scoring. There were 16 families (24.4%) with an unsuccessful WASH assessment but no stunting below five, and 33 families (49.25%) with a successful WASH assessment but no stunting below five. It was concluded that the better the WASH was applied, the better the nutritional status of the toddlers; conversely, the worse the WASH was implemented, the worse the nutritional status of the toddlers
Evaluation of Community Participation in Community-Based Drinking Water and Sanitation Programs
No full textThe availability of clean water plays a significant role in fulfilling the need for drinking water and sanitation, which are absolute necessities in human life. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to reduce the proportion of the population without access to safe and sustainable drinking water and basic facilities by half. Access to clean water and sanitation facilities is still tricky in some areas, triggering the implementation of the PAMSIMAS Program. Community involvement is critical to the program's sustainability. This study analyzes the forms and factors supporting and hindering community participation in the PAMSIMAS Program and the environmental benefits of areas that receive the program in Rantau Jaya Ilir village. Central Lampung Regency. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, incorporating a SWOT analysis. Planning for community participation in the PAMSIMAS Program is underway. The study shows that community participation can adequately manage the program and meet water needs. Age, gender, level of education, type of work, income, and knowledge are all internal factors. Government policies and regulations play a crucial role as external factors. Based on the research, stakeholders were told to invite the community to each socialization meeting and give suggestions. This way of developing the PAMSIMAS Program community empowerment can be copied and used to create infrastructure development programs in other places. This will help the regional government even more, and the government program for drinking water infrastructure and sanitation is expected to continue and be sustainable so that the infrastructure is kept up and working.The availability of clean water plays a significant role in fulfilling the need for drinking water and sanitation, which are absolute necessities in human life. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to reduce the proportion of the population without access to safe and sustainable drinking water and basic facilities by half. Access to clean water and sanitation facilities is still tricky in some areas, triggering the implementation of the PAMSIMAS Program. Community involvement is critical to the program's sustainability. This study analyzes the forms and factors supporting and hindering community participation in the PAMSIMAS Program and the environmental benefits of areas that receive the program in Rantau Jaya Ilir village. Central Lampung Regency. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, incorporating a SWOT analysis. Planning for community participation in the PAMSIMAS Program is underway. The study shows that community participation can adequately manage the program and meet water needs. Age, gender, level of education, type of work, income, and knowledge are all internal factors. Government policies and regulations play a crucial role as external factors. Based on the research, stakeholders were told to invite the community to each socialization meeting and give suggestions. This way of developing the PAMSIMAS Program community empowerment can be copied and used to create infrastructure development programs in other places. This will help the regional government even more, and the government program for drinking water infrastructure and sanitation is expected to continue and be sustainable so that the infrastructure is kept up and working.
The Effect of Stop Motion Video as An Examination Media on The Knowledge and Safe Behavior of PT. X Metal Casting Industry Workers in Klaten
No full textA work accident is one of the risks that can occur in the metal casting industry. Workers' unsafe behavior is the primary cause of occupational accidents. The definition of unsafe behavior is any human behavior that can allow work accidents to occur to oneself or others. The preliminary study results found that 100% of workers had work accidents due to unsafe behavior, and out of 19 workers, 47.3% had insufficient knowledge about unsafe behavior. Counseling using video stop motion is one effort that can be used to overcome. This research aims to investigate the impact of counseling using video stop motion media on enhancing workers' knowledge and safety practices in the metal casting industry. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The experimental group consisted of the workers in the finishing section, while the control group consisted of the workers in the induction section. The Wilcoxon test analysis reveals a significant difference in knowledge and behavior values between the pre-test and post-test, resulting from the use of video stop motion media. Media. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the mean value of differences in knowledge and behavior in the pre-test and post-test between the experimental and control groups with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Video stop motion has the effect of increasing the value of knowledge and safe action among industry workers.A work accident is one of the risks that can occur in the metal casting industry. Workers' unsafe behavior is the primary cause of occupational accidents. The definition of unsafe behavior is any human behavior that can allow work accidents to occur to oneself or others. The preliminary study results found that 100% of workers had work accidents due to unsafe behavior, and out of 19 workers, 47.3% had insufficient knowledge about unsafe behavior. Counseling using video stop motion is one effort that can be used to overcome. This research aims to investigate the impact of counseling using video stop motion media on enhancing workers' knowledge and safety practices in the metal casting industry. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The experimental group consisted of the workers in the finishing section, while the control group consisted of the workers in the induction section. The Wilcoxon test analysis reveals a significant difference in knowledge and behavior values between the pre-test and post-test, resulting from the use of video stop motion media. Media. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the mean value of differences in knowledge and behavior in the pre-test and post-test between the experimental and control groups with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Video stop motion has the effect of increasing the value of knowledge and safe action among industry workers
Analysis of Environmental Management at the Container Terminal of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Pelindo) III Semarang
No full textThis study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. Primary data is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, while secondary data is derived from environmental management implementation reports. The data collected is then evaluated for compliance with environmental management regulations, including Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, Government Regulation No. 101 of 2014 on the Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste Materials, and ISO 14001:2015 on Environmental Management Systems. According to the research findings, environmental management at PT Pelindo III Container Terminal in Semarang is supervised by a certified ecological expert within the HSSE (Health et al.) department. The company manages hazardous liquid waste, air emissions, and hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste. However, non-hazardous liquid waste and dust emissions have not been monitored and managed. The company received a PROPER certification in 2018 and an ISO 14001:2015 certification in 2015 for its environmental management.This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. Primary data is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, while secondary data is derived from environmental management implementation reports. The data collected is then evaluated for compliance with environmental management regulations, including Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, Government Regulation No. 101 of 2014 on the Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste Materials, and ISO 14001:2015 on Environmental Management Systems. According to the research findings, environmental management at PT Pelindo III Container Terminal in Semarang is supervised by a certified ecological expert within the HSSE (Health et al.) department. The company manages hazardous liquid waste, air emissions, and hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste. However, non-hazardous liquid waste and dust emissions have not been monitored and managed. The company received a PROPER certification in 2018 and an ISO 14001:2015 certification in 2015 for its environmental management