Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan (Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Banjarmasin)
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Mercury Content in Well Water and Public Health Complaints: Study Around Small-Scale Gold Mining in Jember Regency
No full textSmall-Scale Gold Mining is a community activity that is generally without permits. This activity contributes to negative impacts on the environment and society due to the use of mercury in gold processing. Waste containing mercury is not processed and is immediately disposed of in the environment. This research aims to determine the mercury content in community well water around Small-Scale Gold Mining and public health complaints. This research is a descriptive study with the research variables being the mercury content of healthy water, the distance of the well to the source of pollution, the condition of the sound construction, the use of the well, and public health complaints. This research involved 13 wells and 46 communities as respondents. Based on the measurements, interviews, and observations that have been carried out, it was obtained that the mercury content in 13 community wells water showed where these results are below environmental quality standards according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017. Three community wells do not meet the requirements for good sanitation and healthy spacing, and several community wells need to meet the requirements, such as walls and floors that are not watertight. Health complaints people feel include itching, redness of the skin, and itching and burning in the eyes. A few respondents around Small-Scale Gold Mining only felt these health complaints. Research shows that Small Scale Gold Mining activities have not polluted community water sources, namely well water, and have not caused significant public health complaints.Small-Scale Gold Mining is a community activity that is generally without permits. This activity contributes to negative impacts on the environment and society due to the use of mercury in gold processing. Waste containing mercury is not processed and is immediately disposed of in the environment. This research aims to determine the mercury content in community well water around Small-Scale Gold Mining and public health complaints. This research is a descriptive study with the research variables being the mercury content of healthy water, the distance of the well to the source of pollution, the condition of the sound construction, the use of the well, and public health complaints. This research involved 13 wells and 46 communities as respondents. Based on the measurements, interviews, and observations that have been carried out, it was obtained that the mercury content in 13 community wells water showed where these results are below environmental quality standards according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017. Three community wells do not meet the requirements for good sanitation and healthy spacing, and several community wells need to meet the requirements, such as walls and floors that are not watertight. Health complaints people feel include itching, redness of the skin, and itching and burning in the eyes. A few respondents around Small-Scale Gold Mining only felt these health complaints. Research shows that Small Scale Gold Mining activities have not polluted community water sources, namely well water, and have not caused significant public health complaints
Sanitary Hygiene Practices and Escherichia coli Contamination in Snack Food at Elementary School Canteens in Nganjuk District
No full textSnacks served at schools that are contaminated with Escherichia coli germs run the risk of harming students' health. The World Health Organization states that around 70% of diarrheal disease cases are caused by food contaminated with Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli contamination in school snacks can be influenced by a lack of hygiene and sanitation aspects. This investigation aimed to establish a connection between good cleanliness habits and an E. coli infection in the cafeteria food at Nganjuk District's primary schools. This kind of study has an observational design and a cross-sectional study plan. The research sample consisted of 12 canteens selected through purposive sampling. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and laboratory tests, followed by univariate analysis with descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis with Fisher's exact test. Laboratory test results explained that of the 12 samples, there were 5 (41.7%) foods contaminated with Escherichia coli. The outcomes demonstrated a link between the handler's hygiene (p = 0.015), sanitation of equipment (p = 0.028), serving process (p = 0.010), peddler facilities (p = 0.045), and Escherichia coli contamination. While the quality of food ingredients (p = 0.222) and TPM sanitation (p = 1.000) do not correlate with Escherichia coli contamination, It can be concluded that personal hygiene of the handler, sanitation of tools, serving process, and poor peddling facilities can increase the contamination of hawker food by Escherichia coli bacteria.Snacks served at schools that are contaminated with Escherichia coli germs run the risk of harming students' health. The World Health Organization states that around 70% of diarrheal disease cases are caused by food contaminated with Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli contamination in school snacks can be influenced by a lack of hygiene and sanitation aspects. This investigation aimed to establish a connection between good cleanliness habits and an E. coli infection in the cafeteria food at Nganjuk District's primary schools. This kind of study has an observational design and a cross-sectional study plan. The research sample consisted of 12 canteens selected through purposive sampling. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and laboratory tests, followed by univariate analysis with descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis with Fisher's exact test. Laboratory test results explained that of the 12 samples, there were 5 (41.7%) foods contaminated with Escherichia coli. The outcomes demonstrated a link between the handler's hygiene (p = 0.015), sanitation of equipment (p = 0.028), serving process (p = 0.010), peddler facilities (p = 0.045), and Escherichia coli contamination. While the quality of food ingredients (p = 0.222) and TPM sanitation (p = 1.000) do not correlate with Escherichia coli contamination, It can be concluded that personal hygiene of the handler, sanitation of tools, serving process, and poor peddling facilities can increase the contamination of hawker food by Escherichia coli bacteria
Differences in the Variation of Silencer Media Thickness from Waste Patchwork And Plywood To Reduce The Noise Intensity
No full textOne of the most dangerous environmental factors is noise, which is crucial to control. This research aims to determine the differences in silencer media thickness between patchwork and plywood offsets to reduce noise intensity in cutting yarn engines. The method study characteristic experiment with design research conducted in this study used a design pretest-posttest without control. The population in this study is the whole room production source producing intensity noise by PT Trisula Textile Industries. Sample in the study This machine is cutting yarn, which produces the most noise. Purposive sampling is the technique used to conduct sample studies. e in six repetitions, with 36 temperature and moisture measurements. The measurement of the intensity of noise at the source of noise before being given treatment ranged from 97.26 to 97.43. The results of the decline in noise intensity after a given silencer show that variation 1 decreased the average by 5.66%, variation 2 decreased the average by 8.89%, and variation 3 lowered the average by 11.89% dB. We processed the data using the one-way ANOVA test, and the results showed a P value of 0.0001 (significant), which is less than 0.05, which indicates a significant difference in each variation of thickness. Industry can use thicker plywood thickness boards if applied in areas with a higher noise level and install a wheel on a tool reducer that can be used practically. Further, researchers can use different types of damping media and vary the thickness of the cloth patch.One of the most dangerous environmental factors is noise, which is crucial to control. This research aims to determine the differences in silencer media thickness between patchwork and plywood offsets to reduce noise intensity in cutting yarn engines. The method study characteristic experiment with design research conducted in this study used a design pretest-posttest without control. The population in this study is the whole room production source producing intensity noise by PT Trisula Textile Industries. Sample in the study This machine is cutting yarn, which produces the most noise. Purposive sampling is the technique used to conduct sample studies. e in six repetitions, with 36 temperature and moisture measurements. The measurement of the intensity of noise at the source of noise before being given treatment ranged from 97.26 to 97.43. The results of the decline in noise intensity after a given silencer show that variation 1 decreased the average by 5.66%, variation 2 decreased the average by 8.89%, and variation 3 lowered the average by 11.89% dB. We processed the data using the one-way ANOVA test, and the results showed a P value of 0.0001 (significant), which is less than 0.05, which indicates a significant difference in each variation of thickness. Industry can use thicker plywood thickness boards if applied in areas with a higher noise level and install a wheel on a tool reducer that can be used practically. Further, researchers can use different types of damping media and vary the thickness of the cloth patch
Effectiveness of Corn Shell Activated Carbon Filters in Reducing Iron (Fe) Levels in Clean Water
No full textCorn husk waste often accumulates and lacks optimal management, making its use as active carbon more valuable and beneficial to society. The principle of the activated carbon processing method involves adsorbing pollutants, thereby enhancing its capacity to absorb iron levels. Researchers must create filters using corn husk-activated carbon media to lower the iron levels in clean water. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the thickness of corn husk-activated carbon filtration media, which can reduce iron levels in clean water. The research design is a True Experiment with Pretest-Posttest and Control Group Design, incorporating four variations in activated carbon thickness and six repetitions. Variations in thickness of corn husk activated carbon are 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. Data analysis used the Kruskall-Wallis test. The research showed that the iron level before treatment was 1.71 mg/L. After treatment with activated carbon thicknesses of 0 cm (0%), 5 cm (67%), 10 cm (80%), and 15 cm (86%), the iron content decreased. The statistical test results obtained a p-value ≤ α (0.05), indicating that all data groups had significant differences. The public can use filters with an activated carbon thickness of more than 15 cm as an alternative for reducing iron levels in clean water.Corn husk waste often accumulates and lacks optimal management, making its use as active carbon more valuable and beneficial to society. The principle of the activated carbon processing method involves adsorbing pollutants, thereby enhancing its capacity to absorb iron levels. Researchers must create filters using corn husk-activated carbon media to lower the iron levels in clean water. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the thickness of corn husk-activated carbon filtration media, which can reduce iron levels in clean water. The research design is a True Experiment with Pretest-Posttest and Control Group Design, incorporating four variations in activated carbon thickness and six repetitions. Variations in thickness of corn husk activated carbon are 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. Data analysis used the Kruskall-Wallis test. The research showed that the iron level before treatment was 1.71 mg/L. After treatment with activated carbon thicknesses of 0 cm (0%), 5 cm (67%), 10 cm (80%), and 15 cm (86%), the iron content decreased. The statistical test results obtained a p-value ≤ α (0.05), indicating that all data groups had significant differences. The public can use filters with an activated carbon thickness of more than 15 cm as an alternative for reducing iron levels in clean water
Increasing Levels of Hypurat Acid in Urin Shoes Craftsmen Tambak Oso Wilangun, Surabaya
No full textThe home industry in the Tambak Oso Wilangun sub-district, Benowo District, Surabaya City was a center for producing shoes in Surabaya. From the entire production process there was a chemical used as a shoe adhesive, namely glue. Toluene contained in the glue used as an adhesive was very volatile so easily inhaled and enters the respiratory tract of workers. The liver and kidneys had an important role in producing toluene metabolites, namely hippuric acid, which were then excreted very quickly into the urine. Urinary hippuric acid is the main metabolite of toluene and has long been considered a biomarker of toluene exposure. The study is based on observational analytical research method while the design uses a cross-sectional study in 2 populations consisting of the exposed group and the unexposed group. The sample size for two groups is 22 people. Measurements of hypuric acid levels using HPLC-UV. The level of hypuric acid in the exposed group had mean value 9,23 mg/g of creatinine was higher than the unexposed group has mean 8,21 mg/g of creatinine. The characteristics respondent related to the levels hypuric acid was the length of work and smoking habits. Conclusion: The level of hypuric acid were higher in the exposed group than the unexposed group.The home industry in the Tambak Oso Wilangun sub-district, Benowo District, Surabaya City was a center for producing shoes in Surabaya. From the entire production process there was a chemical used as a shoe adhesive, namely glue. Toluene contained in the glue used as an adhesive was very volatile so easily inhaled and enters the respiratory tract of workers. The liver and kidneys had an important role in producing toluene metabolites, namely hippuric acid, which were then excreted very quickly into the urine. Urinary hippuric acid is the main metabolite of toluene and has long been considered a biomarker of toluene exposure. The study is based on observational analytical research method while the design uses a cross-sectional study in 2 populations consisting of the exposed group and the unexposed group. The sample size for two groups is 22 people. Measurements of hypuric acid levels using HPLC-UV. The level of hypuric acid in the exposed group had mean value 9,23 mg/g of creatinine was higher than the unexposed group has mean 8,21 mg/g of creatinine. The characteristics respondent related to the levels hypuric acid was the length of work and smoking habits. Conclusion: The level of hypuric acid were higher in the exposed group than the unexposed group
Analysis of the Influence of Tambakrigagadung Landfill Leachate Characteristics on Water Quality and Heavy Metal Contamination of Reservoirs, Tikung District, Lamongan Regency
No full textThe Final Disposal Site (TPA) of Tambakrigadung Village, Lamongan Regency, implements a semi-sanitary landfill system in which waste processing still piles up piles of waste with soil for a certain period, causing a foul odor due to the leachate that collects. Leachate that is not managed correctly is feared to flow into reservoirs as irrigation and productive land that is used by local communities for rice fields or ponds around the Tambakrigadung TPA so that it can disrupt workers, reduce the quality and yield of rice fields, and affect the development of pond fish around the Tambakrigadung landfill. This research aims to test the quality of reservoir water, which refers to the leachate water quality standards of PermenLHK RI No. P.59 Tahun 2016. It analyzes the influence of leachate on reservoir water around Tambakrigadung. The method used in this research is grab sampling. Analysis of pH, BOD, COD, and TSS parameters using simple linear regression quantitative analysis. Quantitative parameter analysis shows that TPA Tambakrigadung leachate influences the pH and TSS parameters of reservoir water in Tikung District, Lamongan Regency, which is indicated by a significance value of <0.05. The analysis of heavy metal parameters shows that the leachate does not meet quality standards, with a total N of 187.7 ppm and cadmium of 0.15 ppm. The mercury parameter meets quality standards, namely 0.00065 ppm. Meanwhile, heavy metal parameters in reservoir water have met quality standards based on PP No. 22 of 2021.The Final Disposal Site (TPA) of Tambakrigadung Village, Lamongan Regency, implements a semi-sanitary landfill system in which waste processing still piles up piles of waste with soil for a certain period, causing a foul odor due to the leachate that collects. Leachate that is not managed correctly is feared to flow into reservoirs as irrigation and productive land that is used by local communities for rice fields or ponds around the Tambakrigadung TPA so that it can disrupt workers, reduce the quality and yield of rice fields, and affect the development of pond fish around the Tambakrigadung landfill. This research aims to test the quality of reservoir water, which refers to the leachate water quality standards of PermenLHK RI No. P.59 Tahun 2016. It analyzes the influence of leachate on reservoir water around Tambakrigadung. The method used in this research is grab sampling. Analysis of pH, BOD, COD, and TSS parameters using simple linear regression quantitative analysis. Quantitative parameter analysis shows that TPA Tambakrigadung leachate influences the pH and TSS parameters of reservoir water in Tikung District, Lamongan Regency, which is indicated by a significance value of <0.05. The analysis of heavy metal parameters shows that the leachate does not meet quality standards, with a total N of 187.7 ppm and cadmium of 0.15 ppm. The mercury parameter meets quality standards, namely 0.00065 ppm. Meanwhile, heavy metal parameters in reservoir water have met quality standards based on PP No. 22 of 2021.
Utilization of Banana Peels as Active Carbon for Pollutant Removal in Wastewater: Review Analysis
No full textPollutants from human activities released into the environment, including heavy metals, dyes, and chemicals, can harm the environment and living organisms. One solution offered to treat these pollutants is an adsorption technique using activated carbon from banana peel waste. The research aims to review the potential of banana peel waste as active carbon to remove various contaminants in wastewater and highlight the opportunities and challenges. This research uses a systematic literature review method, or what is usually called a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), to collect data from the Google Scholar online article database and E-Journal at SSO Undip (Single Sign On). The results of the literature review show that active carbon from various types of banana peels, such as Musa Acuminata, Musa sp., Musa paradisiaca L., and Musa Acuminatabalbisiana has been proven to be able to remove organic materials, inorganic anions, heavy metals, dyes, and chemical compounds from wastewater.Pollutants from human activities released into the environment, including heavy metals, dyes, and chemicals, can harm the environment and living organisms. One solution offered to treat these pollutants is an adsorption technique using activated carbon from banana peel waste. The research aims to review the potential of banana peel waste as active carbon to remove various contaminants in wastewater and highlight the opportunities and challenges. This research uses a systematic literature review method, or what is usually called a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), to collect data from the Google Scholar online article database and E-Journal at SSO Undip (Single Sign On). The results of the literature review show that active carbon from various types of banana peels, such as Musa Acuminata, Musa sp., Musa paradisiaca L., and Musa Acuminatabalbisiana has been proven to be able to remove organic materials, inorganic anions, heavy metals, dyes, and chemical compounds from wastewater
Variations of Gadung Tuber Extract (Discorea hispida) and Boric Acid in Gel Form as Cockroach Bait (Blatella germanica)
No full textCockroaches are disease vectors that pose health and aesthetic problems. Traditional control methods use insecticides, which are becoming ineffective and environmentally harmful due to residue. An alternative method involves gel bait with plant-based insecticides, such as grading tubers, which are toxic to insects. This research aims to determine the optimal combination of grading tuber extract and boric acid in gel bait by calculating LC50 and LT50. Conducted at the Yogyakarta Health Polytechnic Vector and Animal Control Laboratory in February-March 2023, the study used a proper experimental design with a post-test-only control group. Five treatments were tested with five repetitions each, using 125 female cockroaches (Blatella germanica) selected via purposive sampling. Mortality data were analyzed using One Way Anova, LSD tests (p-value < 0.05), and probit regression. Results showed significant differences in mortality rates among treatments (p-value = 0.000). Variation C had the highest mortality rate, while variation B was the most effective, with an LC50 of 7.227 g. LT50 values were 99.237 hours for 5 g, 93.797 hours for 10 g, and 73.463 hours for 15 g. This study concludes that gel bait with grading tuber extract and boric acid is a promising alternative for cockroach control.Cockroaches are disease vectors that pose health and aesthetic problems. Traditional control methods use insecticides, which are becoming ineffective and environmentally harmful due to residue. An alternative method involves gel bait with plant-based insecticides, such as grading tubers, which are toxic to insects. This research aims to determine the optimal combination of grading tuber extract and boric acid in gel bait by calculating LC50 and LT50. Conducted at the Yogyakarta Health Polytechnic Vector and Animal Control Laboratory in February-March 2023, the study used a proper experimental design with a post-test-only control group. Five treatments were tested with five repetitions each, using 125 female cockroaches (Blatella germanica) selected via purposive sampling. Mortality data were analyzed using One Way Anova, LSD tests (p-value < 0.05), and probit regression. Results showed significant differences in mortality rates among treatments (p-value = 0.000). Variation C had the highest mortality rate, while variation B was the most effective, with an LC50 of 7.227 g. LT50 values were 99.237 hours for 5 g, 93.797 hours for 10 g, and 73.463 hours for 15 g. This study concludes that gel bait with grading tuber extract and boric acid is a promising alternative for cockroach control
Abilities of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) as Bait in a Rat Trap
No full textRats are rodents that harm humans and carry diseases, so it is necessary to control rats by using bait traps to trap rodents. The community commonly uses dried fish as bait, but the nature of rats necessitates other variations. s. The purpose of using tomatoes was to determine the ability of tomatoes and dried fish to act as bait in rat traps. This type of research uses a quasi-experiment. This study employed the post-test-only control group design method, implementing three bait installation treatments: tomato, dried fish, and control. We conducted this research at the Bauntung market in Banjarbaru, repeating it 27 times with three treatments: tomato bait, dried fish, and no bait. The statistical tests revealed no significant difference in the average number of rats trapped in the bait between tomatoes and dried fish. This was because the number of mice trapped between tomato bait and dried fish bait did not show a significant difference. We expect the results of this study to provide valuable suggestions for Bauntung Market managers and future researchers on rat control using tomato bait traps.Rats are rodents that harm humans and carry diseases, so it is necessary to control rats by using bait traps to trap rodents. The community commonly uses dried fish as bait, but the nature of rats necessitates other variations. s. The purpose of using tomatoes was to determine the ability of tomatoes and dried fish to act as bait in rat traps. This type of research uses a quasi-experiment. This study employed the post-test-only control group design method, implementing three bait installation treatments: tomato, dried fish, and control. We conducted this research at the Bauntung market in Banjarbaru, repeating it 27 times with three treatments: tomato bait, dried fish, and no bait. The statistical tests revealed no significant difference in the average number of rats trapped in the bait between tomatoes and dried fish. This was because the number of mice trapped between tomato bait and dried fish bait did not show a significant difference. We expect the results of this study to provide valuable suggestions for Bauntung Market managers and future researchers on rat control using tomato bait traps
Room Air Quality at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province
No full textThe microbiological quality of the air in the NICU and surgical rooms exceeds standards. The physical quality of the NICU and operating room exceeds the standard. This study aimed to determine the microbiological and physical quality of hospital room air (NICU room and surgical rooms) at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province. This research design was descriptive. Observation, field measurements, and laboratory tests collected data. The measurement results will be compared with RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 for 2023. The results of air microbiology sampling in the NICU, surgical room 1, and surgical room 2 still need to meet the requirements. The results of physical air quality measurements, namely temperature in the three rooms, humidity in the NICU room, lighting, and ventilation rate in the three rooms, must meet the requirements. The variables that meet the requirements are humidity in both operating rooms and lighting in the surgical room (Table 2). The condition of hospital facilities and buildings in the three rooms has met the requirements. The conclusion is that the room's air quality at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province, did not meet the criteria. The condition of the facilities and buildings was good. The hospital is advised to clean and repair air conditioners regularly, use humidifiers to maintain humidity in the room and increase or decrease lighting according to each room's needs.The microbiological quality of the air in the NICU and surgical rooms exceeds standards. The physical quality of the NICU and operating room exceeds the standard. This study aimed to determine the microbiological and physical quality of hospital room air (NICU room and surgical rooms) at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province. This research design was descriptive. Observation, field measurements, and laboratory tests collected data. The measurement results will be compared with RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 for 2023. The results of air microbiology sampling in the NICU, surgical room 1, and surgical room 2 still need to meet the requirements. The results of physical air quality measurements, namely temperature in the three rooms, humidity in the NICU room, lighting, and ventilation rate in the three rooms, must meet the requirements. The variables that meet the requirements are humidity in both operating rooms and lighting in the surgical room (Table 2). The condition of hospital facilities and buildings in the three rooms has met the requirements. The conclusion is that the room's air quality at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province, did not meet the criteria. The condition of the facilities and buildings was good. The hospital is advised to clean and repair air conditioners regularly, use humidifiers to maintain humidity in the room and increase or decrease lighting according to each room's needs