Jurnal Online Universitas Katolik Parahyangan / Parahyangan Catholic University Journal
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IDENTIFIKASI STRUKTUR EKONOMI SEKTORAL DAN REGIONAL SELURUH PROVINSI DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS NETWORK
No full textThis study aims to identify key sectors in the economy of all provinces in Indonesia by network analysis using Indonesia\u27s Inter-Regional Input-Output (IRIO) tables. The results of this study show that the most sensitive sector and the sector with the highest ranking in terms of having relationships with other important sectors are the manufacturing industry and its region is dominated by provinces on the island of Java. Furthermore, the sectors with the highest ratings in terms of their ability to influence resources among other sectors are the manufacturing, construction, transportation, and warehousing industries, and financial services and insurance sectors. As well as the results of community detection show that sectors that are in the same province and have close geographical distances tend to interact more often. The results of this study also show that the highest rankings of the sector as a whole are dominated by provinces on the island of Java while the lowest is by the Eastern Part of Indonesia
Perwujudan Demokrasi Ekonomi Melalui Hyperlocal Tokopedia
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic has become a concern for all governments globally because it can affect the economy. In Indonesia, one of the government\u27s focuses is how to solve problems related to MSMEs facing the threat of bankruptcy and the government\u27s choice is to cooperate with e-commerce through hyperlocal. Hyperlocal for some researchers has the effect of changing the structure of cooperation and the logic of business organizations. However, the author himself argues that hyperlocal issues also have a role in identity transformation. This is based on the findings of several previous studies, that hyperlocal communication media influences the distribution of culture and the identity of certain community groups. By using the analytical framework of post-Fordism and constructivism, the author finds that Hyperlocal Tokopedia have influenced the identity of MSMEs in understanding "who am I?" and "what will I do?". In addition, the interaction between Tokopedia and MSMEs, which initially had different identities, showed the last optimistic result. This shows that the interaction between identities in constructivism can be intentional by external actors. While related to post-Fordism, the results of this study only strengthen that the transformation of economic society is not economic, political, and cultural. But there is also a transformation of understanding of themselves.
Keywords: Hyperlocal; Constructivism; Post-Fordism; Knowledge-Economy; Economic GlobalizationPandemi telah mendorong sektor ekonomi melakukan digitalisasi dalam kegiatannya. Indonesia sendiri, untuk mengikuti perkembangan tren digitalisasi dalam ekonomi masih dalam tahap pemerataan internet dan peningkatan edukasi tentang literasi digital. Pemerintah optimis untuk menegakkan digitalisasi ekonomi dalam negeri melalui strategi transformasi digital. Salah satu yang menjadi target pemerintah dalam transformasi digital 2021 ialah UMKM sebagai pelaku lokal. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan tersebut maka dijalinlah kerja sama dengan e-commerce. Tokopedia kemudian menawarkan strategi hyperlocal atau taktik pemasaran berbasis lokasi untuk digitalisasi UMKM. Mengingat UMKM mayoritas berasal dari kalangan menengah ke bawah yang masih berkemungkinan buta dengan digital, pemasaran digital berbasis lokasi dinilai lebih mudah diadaptasi. Mereka diajak untuk mengenal bagaimana proses penjualan secara digital dan menguasai pasar lokal. Jika berpotensi dikembangkan, Tokopedia akan memberikan kampanye untuk mempromosikan ke tingkat nasional. Dalam pandangan demokrasi ekonomi yang mengutamakan kesetaraan dan keadilan bagi rakyat di kegiatan ekonomi, hyperlocal mendorong kondisi seperti itu untuk UMKM. Dari digitalisasi hyperlocal, UMKM mendapatkan kesetaraan antar UMKM dan perusahaan asing dalam bersaing. Kemudian mereka juga berpotensi untuk memperluas potensi produk untuk dikenal secara nasional.
Kata kunci : Hyperlocal Tokopedia, UMKM, Digitalisasi, Demokrasi Ekonomi, Transformasi Digita
Hostility vs. Reluctance: Implication of Nuclear Posture Adoption towards India\u27s Bilateral Relations with Pakistan and China
No full textThis paper examines India\u27s different nuclear posture adoption toward Pakistan and China. India has been developing its nuclear weapons to ensure its survival amidst ongoing tensions with Pakistan and China. However, India\u27s relationship with China tends to be cooperative, while Pakistan tends to be conflictual. Theoretically, the mutual accumulation of nuclear power will increase tension and further deteriorate bilateral relations. Through posture optimization theory and Jervis\u27 four worlds, this article qualitatively compares the two cases and its implication for their bilateral relations. The result shows that India\u27s adoption of an assured retaliation posture that directly deters Pakistan affects their relationship to be hostile and leaves no possibilities for cooperation. On the contrary, the existence of the United States as India\u27s strategic partner made China reluctant to be aggressive and opt for diplomatic settlements with India. India-Pakistani relations dynamics reflect Jervis\u27s doubly dangerous world, while Sino-Indian relations reflect the second world unaffected by the accumulation of power, although there is an intense security dilemma.
Keywords: India; Pakistan; China; Nuclear Posture; Nuclear PolicyArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan adopsi postur nuklir India terhadap Pakistan dan China. Untuk menjamin keberlangsungan hidupnya, India mengembangkan senjata nuklir ditengah peningkatan tensi yang terjadi dengan Pakistan dan China. Namun, hubungan bilateral India dengan China cenderung kooperatif, sedangkan dengan Pakistan cenderung konfliktual. Secara teoritis, akumulasi kekuatan nuklir akan meningkatkan tensi dan memperburuk hubungan bilateral negara terkait. Melalui teori posture optimization dan kategorisasi dunia Jervis, artikel ini membandingkan secara kualitatif konflik nuklir India dengan Pakistan dan China serta implikasinya terhadap hubungan bilateral mereka. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan adopsi postur assured retaliation membuat India mengimbangi kekuatan Pakistan secara langsung sehingga hubungan mereka agresif dan tidak memberikan kesempatan bekerjasama. Di sisi lain, keberadaan Amerika Serikat mempengaruhi China untuk enggan berperilaku agresif dan mengambil pendekatan diplomatik dengan India. Dinamika hubungan India-Pakistan memperlihatkan kesesuaian dengan dunia doubly dangerous Jervis, sedangkan hubungan India-China sesuai dengan dunia kedua yang tidak dipengaruhi akumulasi kekuataan walaupun ada dilema keamanan yang intens di belakangnya.
Kata Kunci: India, Pakistan, China, Pstur Nuklir, Kebijakan Nukli
INSTRUMEN RATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL: REZIM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 13/PUU-XVI/2018
No full textThe intrusive character inherent in international trade agreements makes the particular form of the treaty unique compared to other treaties. The trade agreements\u27 intrusiveness means the treaty impacts individual rights relatively more than other treaties on its implementation. Confirming such a particular character, the Indonesian Constitutional Court, via its Decision No. 13/PUU-XVI/2018, provides additional criteria for the treaty ratified through an act, in addition to the general forms of treaties. This study comprehensively discusses the consistency of the instrument form and the clarity of the reference regulations related to the procedure for ratifying the international trade agreement in Indonesia after the ruling of the 2018 Constitutional Court Decision. This study uses a normative juridical approach by making a library of data covering principles, laws, and regulations or legal theories relevant to research as the main material. The study shows that Constitutional Court Decision No. 13/PUU-XVI/2018 has allowed the international trade agreement to be ratified consistently using a legislative act replacing the past practice of using a presidential act. Moreover, the provisions on international trade agreements ratification under Indonesian trade law and Indonesian treaty law must be enforced using "lex specialis derogat lex generalis" principle. Although they share the same norms after the Constitutional Court\u27s Decision 13/2018, specific provisions under the trade law prevail over the general provisions of the Indonesian treaty law
PARADIGMA POLITIK HUKUM PENGUPAHAN INDONESIA: STUDI HAK ATAS UPAH LAYAK BAGI BURUH INFORMAL
No full textIn developing countries, including Indonesia, majority of workers are informal with low wages. This situation occurs mainly because of the problems with their status as informal workers and how Indonesian labor law regulates on that matter. On this basis, this research was conducted by investigating labor law policies in the field of wages that do not protect informal workers, i.e., wage policy. There are two issues that are the focus of the study in this research. The first is: what is the paradigm of Indonesian wage policy? Second, what paradigm must be incorporated into wage policy in order to provide informal workers with decent wages? The research was conducted using a non-doctrinal research type supported by statutory and conceptual approaches. The conceptual approach is particularly based on Roscoe Pound’s conceptualization of sociological jurisprudence. The research resulted in the finding that Indonesian wage policy is based on the contractualism paradigm, which is rooted in the idea of neoliberalism and causes informal workers to receive low wages. The study also reveals that there is a need to incorporate a human rights paradigm into Indonesian wage policy so that Indonesian wage policy is able to provide a decent life for informal workers
PENGARUH PARKIR PADA BADAN JALAN TERHADAP KINERJA RUAS JALAN SULAWESI DI KOTA MAKASSAR
No full textAbstract
One of the causes of parking problems in Makassar City is the lack of adequate parking facilities in several commercial areas, such as what happened on Jalan Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to determine traffic performance and to analyze the effect of on-street parking on road performance on Jalan Sulawesi Makassar. In this study, a survey and field data collection were conducted at 3 observation points, in the form of data on vehicle volume, vehicle speed, road characteristics, and parking characteristics. This study shows that parking on street has an effect on the performance of Jalan Sulawesi. The high volume of parking is directly propor-tional to the increasing value of the degree of saturation, which causes a decrease in road capacity and results in a decrease in level of service of the road.
Keywords: parking on street; parking facilities; traffic performance; parking characteristics
Abstrak
Salah satu penyebab masalah parkir di Kota Makassar adalah tidak adanya fasilitas parkir yang memadai di beberapa daerah komersial, seperti yang terjadi di Jalan Sulawesi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kinerja lalu lintas dan menganalisis pengaruh parkir di badan jalan terhadap kinerja ruas jalan di Jalan Sulawesi Makassar. Pada studi ini dilakukan survei di 3 titik pengamatan dan pengambilan data lapangan, berupa data volume kendaraan, kecepatan kendaraan, karakteristik jalan, serta karakteristik parkir. Penelitian ini menunjuk-kan bahwa parkir di badan jalan berpengaruh pada kinerja ruas Jalan Sulawesi. Tingginya volume parkir ber-banding lurus dengan meningkatnya nilai derajat kejenuhan, yang menyebabkan penurunan kapasitas jalan dan berakibat pada turunnya tingkat pelayanan jalan.
Kata-kata kunci: parkir di badan jalan; fasilitas parkir; kinerja lalu lintas; karakteristik parki
PENGARUH BUKAAN RUANG TERHADAP SENSE OF SACRED SPACE JEMAAT (OBJEK STUDI: GEREJA ST. GABRIEL BANDUNG)
No full textAbstract - St. Gabriel\u27s Church is the house of God and a place for Catholics to worship Him. St. Gabriel Catholic Church has a concept that prioritizes the relationship between human and God; between human and other people; and between human and the environment. Spatial comfort is an important factor in supporting the atmosphere of worship, therefore St. Gabriel Church strengthens the concepts with the application of passive and ecological design. The concept is applied through transparency and openness of large church buildings to the environment, to optimize natural lighting and air conditioning. This makes the physical form of St. Gabriel Church looks different from the Catholic Church in general, which is relatively closed with limited openings, to minimize noise disturbances from outside in order to form a more sacred atmosphere of worship. The experience of the room in the church will affect the atmosphere of worship and the experience of spirituality of the congregation when carrying out worship activities. The atmosphere and use of space are not only perceived through visual sense, but also through auditory and olfactory sense. Therefore, this research is interesting to be conducted, in order to understand how a design opening in a sacred building can effecting the congregation’s sense of sacred space.
This study applies qualitative – descriptive approaches. The data was collected by field observation, literature studies, and disseminating questionnaires to church congregations. The data is analyzed in accordance with the theoretical studies used and also from the results of questionnaires regarding the sense of sacred space of the congregation concerning the design of openings at St. Gabriel\u27s Church. The results showed that the sense of sacred space of the congregation can be formed, with a calm and conducive atmosphere of worship space. The building openings have an important role in shaping that atmosphere. Therefore, it can be concluded that the visual and audial quality resulting from the openings, whereas their role as role as an audio – visuals buffer are greater than the role as a light filter, will create congregations’ sense of sacred space in the St. Gabriel’s Church.
Keywords: Building Openings, Catholic Church, Sense of Sacred Space.
Abstrak - Gereja St. Gabriel adalah rumah Allah dan wadah bagi umat Katolik beribadah. Gereja Katolik St. Gabriel memiliki konsep yang mengutamakan keterhubungan antara manusia dengan Tuhan, manusia dengan manusia, dan juga manusia dengan lingkungan. Kenyamanan ruang merupakan faktor penting dalam mendukung suasana beribadah, sehingga Gereja St. Gabriel memperkuat konsepnya dengan konsep desain pasif dan ekologis. Konsep tersebut diwujudkan melalui transparansi dan keterbukaan bangunan gereja yang besar terhadap lingkungannya, untuk mengoptimalkan pencahayaan dan penghawaan alami. Hal tersebut yang membuat wujud fisik Gereja St. Gabriel memiliki perbedaan dengan Gereja Katolik pada umumnya, yang relatif tertutup dengan bukaan terbatas, untuk meminimalisasi gangguan suara dari luar guna membentuk suasana ibadah yang lebih sakral. Pengalaman ruang dalam gereja akan mempengaruhi suasana ibadah dan pengalaman spiritualitas jemaat saat melaksanakan kegiatan ibadah. Suasana dan pemaknaan ruang yang tidak hanya dipersepsikan secara visual saja, namun dapat dipengaruhi juga dengan indera pendengaran bahkan hingga ke indera penciuman. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menarik untuk dilakukan, untuk memahami bagaimana sebuah bukaan ruang di bangunan ibadah membentuk sense of sacred space bagi jemaat nya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang disampaikan secara deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, studi literatur, dan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada jemaat gereja. Data dianalisis sesuai dengan kajian teori yang digunakan dan juga dari hasil kuesioner mengenai sense of sacred space jemaat terhadap bukaan di Gereja St. Gabriel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sense of sacred space jemaat dapat terbentuk jika suasana ruang ibadah tenang dan kondusif. Bukaan ruang memiliki peranan penting dalam membentuk suasana tersebut. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui kualitas visual dan audial yang dihasilkan dari bukaan, yang memiliki perbandingan peranan sebagai penyangga audio – visual lebih besar dibandingkan peranan sebagai penyaring cahaya, akan menciptakan sense of sacred space jemaat dalam Gereja St. Gabriel.
Kata Kunci: Bukaan Ruang, Gereja Katolik, Sense of Sacred Space
KAJIAN KARYA ARSITEKTUR C.P. WOLFF SCHOEMAKER DAN HENRI MACLAINE PONT DITINJAU DARI PRINSIP ARSITEKTUR NUSANTARA
No full textAbstract - Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker and Henri Maclaine Pont are two Dutch Architects who worked in the Dutch East Indies in 1900 – 1940 period. In this period, architectural identity of Nusantara is being sought by some Dutch architects due to the development of new architectural thinking that involve localities. This thought arises because the old idea doesn’t fit with the geographical context, that the Dutch or “western” architectural thinking still dominating the design. Those two architects, Schoemaker and Pont are two figures that loud enough sounding their toughts and idealism about Nusantara architecutal identity until they often arguing at several forums and papers, initiating their own ideas for developing Nusantara architectural identity. Both are estimated use architectural approach of Nusantara but from two different perspective.
This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach by describing objects from those figures and compare them with Nusantara architectural theories that written by Prof. Josef Prijotomo. Data collected by field observation and literature study. Data grouped by the variables, namely room order, structure – construction- materials, and building figure. Analysis technique are done with connecting data with Nusantara architectural theory and interpret with other theories that support the research for reading the Nusantara architecture at the objects.
The result of this research come to a conclusion, that in Schoemaker’s works, Nusantara architecture interpreted with functional and aesthetics approach, that the functional aspect linked with room comfort and the relation with local climate. The aesthetic aspect made by ornament that related with temple. Schoemaker’s design approach is modern – local, that come from modern thought and added some local elements. Contrasts with Schoemaker, Pont almost all local architecture thought applied in his buildings. Pont can read the local context until the root and learn the history, the culture, so that the architecture getting more contextual with the local nature, social, and culture. In his works, Pont almost applied Nusantara architectural theories in room order, structure – construction – materials, or the building figure so it can be concluded that Pont design approach is local – modern, developing and enrich local architecture with modern thought and technologies that can accompany and compelent Nusantara architecture.
Keywords: Nusantara architecture, Schoemaker, Pont, modern – local, local - modernAbstrak - Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker dan Henri Maclaine Pont adalah dua orang arsitek berkebangsaan Belanda yang berkarya di Hindia Belanda pada periode 1900-1940. Pada periode ini identitas dari arsitektur Nusantara tengah dicari oleh arsitek Belanda karena perkembangan pemikiran baru arsitektur yang melibatkan kelokalan setempat. Pemikiran ini lahir karena pemikiran yang lama kurang meletakkan arsitektur dengan konteks geografisnya, dimana pemikiran arsitektur “barat” masih mendominasi perancangan. Kedua arsitek tersebut merupakan tokoh yang cukup lantang dalam menyuarakan pemikiran dan idealismenya tentang identitas arsitektur Nusantara sehingga mereka sering berdebat, menginisiasi ide masing-masing untuk mengembangkan identitas arsitektur Nusantara. Keduanya diperkirakan menggunakan pendekatan arsitektur Nusantara namun dari sudut pandang yang berbeda.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara mendeskripsikan objek – objek terpilih dari kedua sosok tersebut serta menjajaran objek dan dibandingkan dengan teori arsitektur Nusantara oleh Prof. Josef Prijotomo. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi lapangan serta studi pustaka. Data dikelompokkan berdasarkan variabel penelitian, yaitu tata ruang, struktur – konstruksi – material, dan sosok bangunan. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan mengaitkan data yang ada dengan teori arsitektur Nusantara serta diintepretasi juga dengan teori lain yang mendukung penelitian untuk membaca arsitektur Nusantara pada objek studi.
Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan, yaitu dalam karyanya, Schoemaker menafsirkan arsitektur Nusantara dengan pendekatan fungsional dan estetika, dimana fungsional tersebut terkait dengan kenyamanan ruang dan kaitannya dengan iklim lokal. Unsur estetika dibuat dengan menempelkan ornamen yang berkaitan dengan candi. Pendekatan perancangan yang dilakuan oleh Schoemaker adalah modern – lokal, yaitu pemikiran modern dan menambahkan unsur lokal. Berkebalikan dengan Schoemaker, Pont menafsirkan dan mengaplikasikan arsitektur Nusantara lebih menyeluruh. Pont lebih membaca konteks lokal sampai ke akarnya dengan mempelajari sejarah dan budaya agar arsitektur tersebut kontestual dengan alam, sosial, dan budaya lokal. Dalam karyanya, Pont hampir selalu mengaplikasikan teori arsitektur Nusantara, baik pada tatanan ruang, struktur – konstruksi – material, ataupun sosok bangunannya, sehingga bisa disimpulkan pendekatan merancang Pont adalah lokal – modern yaitu mengembangkan dan memperkaya arsitektur lokal dengan kemajuan ataupun pemikiran modern yang bisa mendampingi dan melengkapi arsitektur Nusantara.
Kata Kunci: arsitektur Nusantara, Schoemaker, Pon
CITRA DESA TRUSMI SEBAGAI WADAH AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT
No full textAbstract - The image is a visualization that formed by the interaction between human as an observer and an object. The visualization is an impression of an object to be easier to remember by the observer. The image in architecture has a role to give a picture to the observer about the structure of a space or region. The observer will have a picture of the space whenever remembering it. The appearance of the image will be different according to who the observer is. Building an image of a particular place is needed because it will create meaning or value for the one that has been there to build a connection to the place. If anyone remembers there is a memory left there, anyone has a tendency to value the place.
Trusmi Village in Cirebon already has an identity as a village that full of batik artisan and still preserves their culture. This identity is still preserved since they still doing things that related to the ancestors’ tradition and batik crafts.
This study aims to understand the influence of daily activities and traditional activities carried out by the community on the image-forming elements in Trusmi Village. The place to carry out activities will be identified by the community as an element forming the image of Trusmi Village. The method used is quantitative, data obtained from literature studies, direct observations in the field, and interviews with residents of Trusmi Village. Observations focused on the activities of the residents and their places of activity, which were then mapped out by activities in the village. Then, from the activity data, it will be analyzed with image-forming elements so that it can be seen the path used for the activity, the edge that becomes the boundary of the activity space, the district found as the center of activity, nodes that become the point gathering, and landmarks that guide activity orientation. The conclusion of this study, it was found that the "Image of Trusmi Village" can be found based on the analysis of the place where community activities are carried out in Trusmi Village. This shows the influence of the residents\u27 daily activities and activities carried out as a tradition informing the physical picture of Trusmi Village.
Trusmi Cirebon village can be concluded as a village whose image is easy to remember because in this village you can find the Main Path which is the place for daily activities, Strong Edge which is a continuous wall of batik showrooms on the Main Path, District Center for Ritual and Commercial Activities, Anchor Nodes, and Landmarks are used to direct the community within the village and visitors from outside the village.
Key Words: Activity, ancestors’ tradition, batik, image-forming element, Trusmi Cirebon VillageAbstrak - Citra merupakan bayangan visual yang terbentuk karena adanya interaksi antara manusia sebagai pengamat dengan suatu objek. Gambaran tersebut merupakan kesan akan suatu objek yang mudah diingat oleh pengamat. Citra dalam arsitektur memiliki peran untuk memberikan bayangan kepada pengamat tentang struktur dari suatu ruang atau wilayah. Pengamat akan memiliki bayangan jika mengingat tentang wilayah tersebut. Citra yang dimunculkan akan berbeda, tergantung siapa yang mengamatinya. (Lynch, 1960). Memperkuat citra pada suatu wilayah sangat diperlukan dikarenakan dapat membuat pemaknaan bagi seseorang yang berada pada wilayah tersebut sehingga memiliki ikatan. Seseorang akan memaknai jika dia ingat akan tempat tersebut disaat dia pernah beraktivitas pada tempat tersebut.
Desa Trusmi Cirebon merupakan Desa yang sudah memiliki identitas sebagai desa “Sentra Batik” serta desa yang masih mempertahankan aktivitas tradisi kebuyutan. Identitas tersebut terjadi karena masih dapat ditemukan aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan tradisi dan kerajinan batik pada desa ini.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh aktivitas keseharian dan aktivitas tradisi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat terhadap elemen pembentuk citra pada Desa Trusmi. Tempat untuk melakukan aktivitas akan diidentifikasi oleh masyarakat sebagai elemen pembentuk citra Desa Trusmi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, data diperoleh dari studi literatur, pengamatan langsung ke lapangan, serta wawancara terhadap penduduk Desa Trusmi. Pengamatan berfokus pada aktivitas dari warga dan tempat beraktivitasnya, yang kemudian dibuat mapping aktivitas pada Desa tersebut. kemudian , dari data aktivitas tersebut, akan dianalisis dengan elemen- elemen pembentuk citra sehingga dapat diketahui path/ jalur yang digunakan untuk aktivitas, edge/ batas yang menjadi batas ruang aktivitas, district/ kawasan yang ditemukan sebagai pusat aktivitas, nodes/ simpul yang menjadi titik berkumpul, dan landmark yang menjadi pengarah orientasi aktivitas.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa “Citra Desa Trusmi” dapat ditemukan berdasarkan analisis tempat dilakukannya aktivitas masyarakat yang terdapat pada Desa Trusmi. Ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh dari aktivitas keseharian warga dan aktivitas yang dilakukan sebagai tradisi dalam membentuk gambaran fisik dari Desa Trusmi.
Desa Trusmi Cirebon dapat disimpulkan merupakan desa yang citra-nya mudah untuk diingat dikarenakan pada desa ini dapat ditemukan Path Utama yang menjadi tempat aktivitas keseharian, Strong Edge yang berupa dinding showroom batik yang menerus di Path Utama tersebut, District Pusat Aktivitas RItual dan Komersial, Anchor Nodes, dan Landmark yang digunakan untuk mengarahkan masyarakat dalam desa dan pengunjung dari luar desa.
Kata Kunci: Elemen Pembentuk Citra, Aktivitas, Kerajinan Kain Batik, Tradisi Kebuyutan, Desa Trusmi Cirebo
The Prisoner’s Dilemma: Indonesia and the European Union in Export Commodity Disputes
No full textNickel ore export ban has been imposed by Indonesia as the leading actor on the global nickel supply chain which created a disruption and has not been perceived well by other countries, especially the European Union (EU) countries. This paper will analyze the implications caused by the export ban to EU countries and the actions following it, including the enactment of the palm oil ban. Starting with the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel, the EU’s strategy of forcing Indonesia to lift the export ban has not yet succeeded. With the tit-for-tat strategy, this paper identifies the EU’s palm oil ban as a form of retaliation for the Indonesian nickel ore export ban. Although the tit-for-tat strategy often is used in a positive-sum game, the conflict between Indonesia and the EU is a negative-sum game with both parties putting their economies at risk.
Keywords: nickel ore export ban, palm oil ban, tit-for-tat strategy, Indonesia, European Union
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