INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi, Vokasional, dan Teknologi
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Analysis of Combustion Characteristics in Boilers Using Comparison of Coal Fuel Mixtures and Bark Biomass To Determine Optimal Combustion Conditions in a Steam Power Plant
Full text linkCurrently, several material production industries have used self-sustaining power generation systems. Where the most common steam power plant system is found as an option to be used as a source of electricity. The use of biomass as an additional material for fuel in power plant has been widely carried out. This method is more commonly known as cofiring. Analysis of the cofiring combustion system of biomass in the boiler needs to be carried out in order to determine the characteristics of the combustion system that occurs. By varying the composition of the fuel, an analysis of the energy produced from the combustion reaction will be calculated. In this study, the comparison of the use of coal and wood bark was varied at conditions 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80. Assuming that the steam rate and temperature conditions to be achieved from the combustion products are constant. From the results of the analysis it was found that an increase in the amount of cofiring bark resulted in a decrease in the heating value of the combustion reaction and an increase in fuel capacity. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of bark cofiring in boilers with a coal design is less effective because it will require additional energy to increase the fuel consumption rate and reduce combustion efficiency due to not achieving optimal combustion energy because the initial design combustion chamber capacity is fixed.Currently, several material production industries have used self-sustaining power generation systems. Where the most common steam power plant system is found as an option to be used as a source of electricity. The use of biomass as an additional material for fuel in power plant has been widely carried out. This method is more commonly known as cofiring. Analysis of the cofiring combustion system of biomass in the boiler needs to be carried out in order to determine the characteristics of the combustion system that occurs. By varying the composition of the fuel, an analysis of the energy produced from the combustion reaction will be calculated. In this study, the comparison of the use of coal and wood bark was varied at conditions 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80. Assuming that the steam rate and temperature conditions to be achieved from the combustion products are constant. From the results of the analysis it was found that an increase in the amount of cofiring bark resulted in a decrease in the heating value of the combustion reaction and an increase in fuel capacity. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of bark cofiring in boilers with a coal design is less effective because it will require additional energy to increase the fuel consumption rate and reduce combustion efficiency due to not achieving optimal combustion energy because the initial design combustion chamber capacity is fixed
Numerical Simulation of Designing a Braking System by Comparing Pressure in Minibus Type Vehicle
Full text linkThe braking system is crucial in maintaining the vehicle's safety to avoid fatality. However, designing a vehicle braking system can take significant time and energy. Hence, a method to design a braking system that requires less time and energy is necessary. The vehicle specifications will affect the braking design process in designing a braking system. In addition, the existing government regulations limit the braking capacity that must be achieved during the braking process. These two things become the limitations in designing an optimal braking system. The design process is carried out by determining the required pressure for the braking process and the pressure generated during the braking process. The generated pressure must exceed the required pressure for the braking system design to work appropriately. The conditions mentioned earlier can be achieved by iterating and selecting the standard component. A case study in the form of braking system design has been carried out where the braking system can generate a pressure of 4.14 MPa and requires a pressure of 3.13 MPa and 2.34 MPa at the front and rear caliper on a vehicle weighing 78.48 kN to decelerate 5 ms-2 as required in Indonesia government regulation. A comparison is made with other methods proposed by other researchers to ensure the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. The comparison results show that the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. Moreover, the proposed method can minimize the difference in pressure between the generated and the required pressure to avoid overdesign.The braking system is crucial in maintaining the vehicle's safety to avoid fatality. However, designing a vehicle braking system can take significant time and energy. Hence, a method to design a braking system that requires less time and energy is necessary. The vehicle specifications will affect the braking design process in designing a braking system. In addition, the existing government regulations limit the braking capacity that must be achieved during the braking process. These two things become the limitations in designing an optimal braking system. The design process is carried out by determining the required pressure for the braking process and the pressure generated during the braking process. The generated pressure must exceed the required pressure for the braking system design to work appropriately. The conditions mentioned earlier can be achieved by iterating and selecting the standard component. A case study in the form of braking system design has been carried out where the braking system can generate a pressure of 4.14 MPa and requires a pressure of 3.13 MPa and 2.34 MPa at the front and rear caliper on a vehicle weighing 78.48 kN to decelerate 5 ms-2 as required in Indonesia government regulation. A comparison is made with other methods proposed by other researchers to ensure the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. The comparison results show that the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. Moreover, the proposed method can minimize the difference in pressure between the generated and the required pressure to avoid overdesign
Design and Build Low-Cost Power Hammer Machine Based on Throttle Stomp
Full text linkMetal forming uses plastic deformation to change the shape of the workpiece. Deformation or change in shape results from the use of a tool which is usually called a die. The die provides stresses that exceed the yield strength of the material (plastic). The forging process is one of several types of metal forming. A power hammer machine is a machine used for the formation of a product in the manufacturing process, namely with a system of continuous forging/pressure on the specimen so that the deformed specimen becomes denser and stronger according to the desired shape. The forging process is superior to other processes such as casting and machining. The effectiveness of the forging process is characterized by low costs, high productivity, and high product quality. The cold forging process needs to be improved to reduce the occurrence of fine cracks and defects. The main factor is the quality of forging results by planning the design and production of the right die, improving product quality, and reducing the number of defective products to encourage industrial competitiveness. The method in this research is the process of making the design and calculation of the main components and making the power hammer machine. The results of the design and manufacture of the power hammer machine obtained that the impact force from the design was 58.3 Kg, the rotation of the drive shaft to drive the hammer was 206.5 Rpm, the diameter of the driving shaft was 12.36 mm with the one made of 16 mm, the torque on the driving motor was 77.9 Nm, the minimum power designed is 2.2 hp with a rotation of 2800 Rpm, and is selected for the manufacture of 3 Hp, the electrical system is on / off using a throttle stomp
Analysis of Maneuvering Speed of a Passenger Ship Scalability Prototype with a Remote-Control System
Full text linkThey are using a passenger ship prototype as an experiment in control systems. Ship prototype control system with remote control. For this reason, research was carried out on the workings of ship prototypes, maneuver speed, long distance to the ship, and battery capacity expiration time. For this reason, research was carried out on how the prototype ship worked, the maneuvering speed, the remote reach distance to the boat, and the time the battery capacity would run out. The research was conducted using a rope, stopwatch, arc ruler, and test object. Using this tool, the results of the ship's speed when maneuvering at a predetermined angle, the maximum range of remote distance to the boat, and the length of time the battery capacity will run out. The research results tested on the remote control (RC) prototype ship showed the highest maneuvering speed at an angle of 90 degrees, which is 0.407 m/s, and the lowest rate at an angle of 180 degrees, 0.376 m/s. With this, it can be concluded that the smaller the angle of maneuver, the faster the speed of the ship to maneuver, and the greater the grade of the scheme, the slower the rate. Furthermore, the farther the remote control operating distance is from the battery speed, the faster the battery capacity will run out, and the closer the ship's rotational variation distance, the more the battery capacity will run out
Improving the Quality of Learning Through Project Based Learning (PjBL) With the STEAM Approach in CAD Courses in the Department of Automotive Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang
Full text linkThe application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in CAD courses has so far not been satisfactory. the results of the design drawings produced by students could not be implemented because the size, component layout, beauty did not meet the criteria. As a result, the students failure rate in CAD courses from 2019 to 2022 is quite high. PjBL with the STEAM approach is a solution because with STEAM the design of the images produced by students is based on criteria Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research, which is an examination of activities that are deliberately raised and occur in a class, and have 3 Cycle. The process of implementing the research consists of four components, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The population is Diploma 3 Automotive Engineering Students in Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang (FT UNP) who are enrolled in the CAD course for the Semester January - June 2022 and totaling 46 students. The data collection techniques through observation sheets and students performance in designing drawings using CAD software. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL with the STEAM approach can improve the quality of learning. The quality of learning observed is the activity of lecturers and students and learning outcomes. The percentage of lecturer activity in the learning process is 77% and increases in cycles 2 and 3 with percentages of 85.90% and 89.6%. While students activity in the learning process cycle 1 obtained a percentage of 62.4%, increased in cycles 2 and 3 of 73.20% and 87.70%. courses computer aided design using a project-based learning approach STEAM can increase the average value of students. This is based on the average grade of students drawing projects in cycle 1 of 33.04, Whereas in cycle 2 it was 69.80 and the average students score in cycle 3 was 76.42.The application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in CAD courses has so far not been satisfactory. the results of the design drawings produced by students could not be implemented because the size, component layout, beauty did not meet the criteria. As a result, the students failure rate in CAD courses from 2019 to 2022 is quite high. PjBL with the STEAM approach is a solution because with STEAM the design of the images produced by students is based on criteria Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research, which is an examination of activities that are deliberately raised and occur in a class, and have 3 Cycle. The process of implementing the research consists of four components, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The population is Diploma 3 Automotive Engineering Students in Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang (FT UNP) who are enrolled in the CAD course for the Semester January - June 2022 and totaling 46 students. The data collection techniques through observation sheets and students performance in designing drawings using CAD software. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL with the STEAM approach can improve the quality of learning. The quality of learning observed is the activity of lecturers and students and learning outcomes. The percentage of lecturer activity in the learning process is 77% and increases in cycles 2 and 3 with percentages of 85.90% and 89.6%. While students activity in the learning process cycle 1 obtained a percentage of 62.4%, increased in cycles 2 and 3 of 73.20% and 87.70%. courses computer aided design using a project-based learning approach STEAM can increase the average value of students. This is based on the average grade of students drawing projects in cycle 1 of 33.04, Whereas in cycle 2 it was 69.80 and the average students score in cycle 3 was 76.42
Optimizing Digging Equipment Productivity Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Method in Coal Overburden Mining Activities
Full text linkCoal companies have an overburden stripping production target of 95,000 bcm in January 2022, while the realization of production with the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD excavator and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H excavator is only 77,000 bcm or 82% of the production target. The purpose of this study was to obtain an analysis of the productivity of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H Excavator (31) in the overburden stripping activity in January 2022, analyze the obstacle factors that caused the available working hours to be reduced by using the Fishbone diagram method, get an analysis of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H (31) Excavator before being optimized, and get the analysis and productivity of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and the Hitachi Zaxis 350 H Excavator (31) which has been optimized with the implementation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) to achieve the overburden stripping production target. After analysis and improvement efforts, the total overburden stripping production was 149,000 bcm, which means that it has reached the target and even exceeded the production target of 95,000 bcm/month with the OEE value of the digging equipment of 41% and 43%, respectively. However, the OEE value is still very low compared to the world-class standard OEE value, which is 85% and there is still room for improvement.Coal companies have an overburden stripping production target of 95,000 bcm in January 2022, while the realization of production with the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD excavator and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H excavator is only 77,000 bcm or 82% of the production target. The purpose of this study was to obtain an analysis of the productivity of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H Excavator (31) in the overburden stripping activity in January 2022, analyze the obstacle factors that caused the available working hours to be reduced by using the Fishbone diagram method, get an analysis of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H (31) Excavator before being optimized, and get the analysis and productivity of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and the Hitachi Zaxis 350 H Excavator (31) which has been optimized with the implementation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) to achieve the overburden stripping production target. After analysis and improvement efforts, the total overburden stripping production was 149,000 bcm, which means that it has reached the target and even exceeded the production target of 95,000 bcm/month with the OEE value of the digging equipment of 41% and 43%, respectively. However, the OEE value is still very low compared to the world-class standard OEE value, which is 85% and there is still room for improvement
Design of a Drying Equipment Moringa Leaf with Utilizing Temperature Air Conditioning Condenser
Full text linkThis study conducted to get drying equipment a moringa leaf using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. The first steps taken were collecting research literature, formulating problems, and design a drying equipment moringa leaf (moringa oleifera) using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. Drying equipment tool made from plywood, wood, aluminum foil, styrofoam, and pipe channel to drying equipment. It works by utilizing air from the air conditioning condenser which is channeled through a pipe channel to drying equipment. The test was carried with modification intake channel to drying equipment without suction fan and using suction fan. Data collection is carried out every 30 minutes for 7 hours which starting from 10.00 AM to 05.00 PM. A sample of 800 grams of wet moringa leaf was placed on each drying rack. The result study without suction fan in the drying equipment show average temperature air from the condenser of 31.17 °C, average humidity of 68.8%, and a reduction in water content of moringa leaf of 35.5%. Meanwhile, the test using an air suction fan in the drying equipment was average temperature air from the condenser 34.10 °C, average humidity was 62.30% and the reduction in water content of moringa leaf was 40.8%. The drying rate of moringa leaf in the test using an exhaust fan is 0.0138 kg/hour, while the drying rate of moringa leaf in the test without using an exhaust fan is 0.01 kg/hour.This study conducted to get drying equipment a moringa leaf using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. The first steps taken were collecting research literature, formulating problems, and design a drying equipment moringa leaf (moringa oleifera) using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. Drying equipment tool made from plywood, wood, aluminum foil, styrofoam, and pipe channel to drying equipment. It works by utilizing air from the air conditioning condenser which is channeled through a pipe channel to drying equipment. The test was carried with modification intake channel to drying equipment without suction fan and using suction fan. Data collection is carried out every 30 minutes for 7 hours which starting from 10.00 AM to 05.00 PM. A sample of 800 grams of wet moringa leaf was placed on each drying rack. The result study without suction fan in the drying equipment show average temperature air from the condenser of 31.17 °C, average humidity of 68.8%, and a reduction in water content of moringa leaf of 35.5%. Meanwhile, the test using an air suction fan in the drying equipment was average temperature air from the condenser 34.10 °C, average humidity was 62.30% and the reduction in water content of moringa leaf was 40.8%. The drying rate of moringa leaf in the test using an exhaust fan is 0.0138 kg/hour, while the drying rate of moringa leaf in the test without using an exhaust fan is 0.01 kg/hour
Analysis of Digital Literacy Technology Design for the Department of Mechanical Engineering Based on a Website at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat
Full text linkThis research aims to analyze the level of importance of digital literacy understanding among students of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Muhammadiyah (UM) Sumatera Barat. The digital literacy developed in this study not only facilitates access to learning references, literature, research methodologies, and testing in the field of Mechanical Engineering but also designed as a data storage place for student practical and research testing results. This research used a questionnaire as a data collection technique, which was filled out by Mechanical Engineering students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat. The first questionnaire was conducted to measure the level of students' understanding of digital literacy in the field of Mechanical Engineering, and the results were used as the basis for creating a literacy website. The second questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the created literacy website. Data analysis was performed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that 57% of respondents had good understanding of digital literacy in the field of Mechanical Engineering. However, only 15% of respondents often searched for references on digital technology, and 80% of respondents faced difficulties in finding credible digital literacy sources. Moreover, most respondents expressed their interest in learning and using digital technology in research and practical work. These results served as the basis for creating a digital literacy website. The digital literacy website was evaluated, and the evaluation result showed that most respondents stated that the created literacy website was easy to use and helpful in the learning or task completion process. However, some aspects needed improvement, such as relevant and understandable content and the quality of content presentation that is more interesting for respondents. Overall, the literacy website has a high level of satisfaction in several aspects.This research aims to analyze the level of importance of digital literacy understanding among students of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Muhammadiyah (UM) Sumatera Barat. The digital literacy developed in this study not only facilitates access to learning references, literature, research methodologies, and testing in the field of Mechanical Engineering but also designed as a data storage place for student practical and research testing results. This research used a questionnaire as a data collection technique, which was filled out by Mechanical Engineering students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat. The first questionnaire was conducted to measure the level of students' understanding of digital literacy in the field of Mechanical Engineering, and the results were used as the basis for creating a literacy website. The second questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the created literacy website. Data analysis was performed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that 57% of respondents had good understanding of digital literacy in the field of Mechanical Engineering. However, only 15% of respondents often searched for references on digital technology, and 80% of respondents faced difficulties in finding credible digital literacy sources. Moreover, most respondents expressed their interest in learning and using digital technology in research and practical work. These results served as the basis for creating a digital literacy website. The digital literacy website was evaluated, and the evaluation result showed that most respondents stated that the created literacy website was easy to use and helpful in the learning or task completion process. However, some aspects needed improvement, such as relevant and understandable content and the quality of content presentation that is more interesting for respondents. Overall, the literacy website has a high level of satisfaction in several aspects
Management and Evaluation of Vocational Training Programs at the Ponorogo Regency Vocational Training Center (VTC)
Full text linkThe issue of employment and a decent living is crucial. This is complicated by developing an increasingly global world with increasingly fierce competition. Training is a factor in the development of Human Resources (HR). The success of an activity program depends on the management and evaluation results of the training program. This research aims to analyze the management and evaluation of the Ponorogo Regency Vocational Training Center. This research was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation. The information is obtained first, then used sources and techniques to triangulate it before being presented for discussion. The results of this study stated that training management at the Vocational Training Center (VTC) includes: the training process at the Vocational Training Center (VTC) covers planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. The evaluation results show that the training met all requirements and needs (antecedents phase), was effectively implemented (transaction phase), and produced good average test results for trainees (outcomes phase). This indicates the VTC's commitment to providing quality training with successful outcomes.The issue of employment and a decent living is crucial. This is complicated by developing an increasingly global world with increasingly fierce competition. Training is a factor in the development of Human Resources (HR). The success of an activity program depends on the management and evaluation results of the training program. This research aims to analyze the management and evaluation of the Ponorogo Regency Vocational Training Center. This research was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation. The information is obtained first, then used sources and techniques to triangulate it before being presented for discussion. The results of this study stated that training management at the Vocational Training Center (VTC) includes: the training process at the Vocational Training Center (VTC) covers planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. The evaluation results show that the training met all requirements and needs (antecedents phase), was effectively implemented (transaction phase), and produced good average test results for trainees (outcomes phase). This indicates the VTC's commitment to providing quality training with successful outcomes
Design Analysis and Design of Coolbox Based on Thermoelectricity with Wind Power Plant Using 3D Modeling
Full text linkEnergy needs continue to increase from year to year in line with population growth in Indonesia. Therefore, wind turbines as a renewable alternative energy source to meet the energy needs of coastal communities. The use of heavy and high ice blocks has always been a problem for fishermen in fish catches, this has an impact on the quality of the fish caught. This thermoelectric coolbox with wind power plant is designed by combining the components of a thermoelectric coolbox and a wind turbine which functions to maintain the temperature in the coolbox so that the fish stored are more durable using electricity generated from the rotation of the wind turbine. This research uses the design and development (D&D) method and is supported by secondary data from published articles and news journals which aim to design a three-dimensional model of a thermoelectric coolbox using solidworks software. The results of the design analysis obtained turbine area, turbine height, chord length, torque value, shaft diameter and allowable shear stress. With the results of the analysis of the design of a thermoelectric coolbox with a wind turbine, it has the potential and benefits for the fishing profession and can be realized into a product.Energy needs continue to increase from year to year in line with population growth in Indonesia. Therefore, wind turbines as a renewable alternative energy source to meet the energy needs of coastal communities. The use of heavy and high ice blocks has always been a problem for fishermen in fish catches, this has an impact on the quality of the fish caught. This thermoelectric coolbox with wind power plant is designed by combining the components of a thermoelectric coolbox and a wind turbine which functions to maintain the temperature in the coolbox so that the fish stored are more durable using electricity generated from the rotation of the wind turbine. This research uses the design and development (D&D) method and is supported by secondary data from published articles and news journals which aim to design a three-dimensional model of a thermoelectric coolbox using solidworks software. The results of the design analysis obtained turbine area, turbine height, chord length, torque value, shaft diameter and allowable shear stress. With the results of the analysis of the design of a thermoelectric coolbox with a wind turbine, it has the potential and benefits for the fishing profession and can be realized into a product