INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi, Vokasional, dan Teknologi
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Pyrolyzer Modification for Making Coconut Shell Charcoal with Isolation from a Mixture of Clay, Sand, and Rice Straw
Full text linkCurrently, many charcoal makers use drums as pyrolyzers, this is because the oxygen (O2) entering the combustion chamber is controlled, the oxygen level entering the combustion chamber must be low so that the shell does not burn out. The aim of this research is to calculate the heat loss rate of the pyrolyzer for making coconut shell charcoal and to analyze the effect of a mixture of clay, sand and rice straw insulator on the charcoal yield and quality of the charcoal produced. This research focuses on reviewing pyrolyzer modifications based on aspects of mixed variations of clay, sand and rice straw insulating materials in dealing with heat loss. Testing of furnace performance is carried out using comparisons of several parameters or components including temperature, time and insulator material. The final stage of the research is to draw conclusions and draw conclusions based on the results of material variations and the factors that influence them. The research results show that the best insulator is the TP3 pyrolyzer with an insulator mixed with clay, sand and rice straw in a ratio of 2:1:0.3 with a heat loss of 7,378.992 W and ΔT of 195°C. The addition of rice straw to a mixture of clay and sand insulators provides significant benefits in increasing ΔT and reducing heat loss. The addition of rice straw to a mixture of clay and sand insulators has a significant impact on the carbonization process of coconut shell charcoal. Even though the charcoal yield decreases with the addition of rice straw to the insulator, the quality of the charcoal produced increases, especially in terms of fixed carbon content with the best insulator being the TP3 pyrolyzer with a carbon content value of 78.54%.Currently, many charcoal makers use drums as pyrolyzers, this is because the oxygen (O2) entering the combustion chamber is controlled, the oxygen level entering the combustion chamber must be low so that the shell does not burn out. The aim of this research is to calculate the heat loss rate of the pyrolyzer for making coconut shell charcoal and to analyze the effect of a mixture of clay, sand and rice straw insulator on the charcoal yield and quality of the charcoal produced. This research focuses on reviewing pyrolyzer modifications based on aspects of mixed variations of clay, sand and rice straw insulating materials in dealing with heat loss. Testing of furnace performance is carried out using comparisons of several parameters or components including temperature, time and insulator material. The final stage of the research is to draw conclusions and draw conclusions based on the results of material variations and the factors that influence them. The research results show that the best insulator is the TP3 pyrolyzer with an insulator mixed with clay, sand and rice straw in a ratio of 2:1:0.3 with a heat loss of 7,378.992 W and ΔT of 195°C. The addition of rice straw to a mixture of clay and sand insulators provides significant benefits in increasing ΔT and reducing heat loss. The addition of rice straw to a mixture of clay and sand insulators has a significant impact on the carbonization process of coconut shell charcoal. Even though the charcoal yield decreases with the addition of rice straw to the insulator, the quality of the charcoal produced increases, especially in terms of fixed carbon content with the best insulator being the TP3 pyrolyzer with a carbon content value of 78.54%
Evaluasi Kesiapan Laboratorium Elektronika Kejuruan Menghadapi Industri 4.0: Analisis Fasilitas, Sistem, dan Sumber Daya Manusia
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the readiness of electronics engineering laboratories in Vocational High Schools (SMK) of Sidoarjo Regency in facing the demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The evaluation focused on four main aspects: laboratory planning, equipment availability, maintenance and management systems, and the competence of laboratory personnel. This study used a descriptive method with a mixed-method approach, involving six vocational schools and respondents from productive teachers, vice principals in the field of infrastructure, and laboratories. Data was obtained through questionnaires, observations, documentation, and in-depth interviews, then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the average equipment readiness rate was in the "underprepared" category (54.1%), while most schools did not have certified laboratories. Laboratory management is generally still partial and is not systematic, although the usefulness of the laboratory is highly related on by teachers with an average score of 54.4 out of 64. These findings indicated a gap between the availability of facilities, human resource competencies, and the demands of industry-based vocational learning 4.0. The limitations of this study lie in the limited scope of the area and it has not measured the direct impact on student learning outcomes. The practical implications of this study included the importance of strengthening collaboration among schools, industry, and the government in laboratory planning, improving practice facilities, and training and certification of laboratory personnel. Socially, laboratory modernization is an important foundation in producing adaptive and competitive vocational graduates. This study makes an original contribution to mapping the systemic readiness of vocational laboratories in Indonesia.This study aims to evaluate the readiness of electronics engineering laboratories in Vocational High Schools (SMK) of Sidoarjo Regency in facing the demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The evaluation focused on four main aspects: laboratory planning, equipment availability, maintenance and management systems, and the competence of laboratory personnel. This study used a descriptive method with a mixed-method approach, involving six vocational schools and respondents from productive teachers, vice principals in the field of infrastructure, and laboratories. Data was obtained through questionnaires, observations, documentation, and in-depth interviews, then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the average equipment readiness rate was in the "underprepared" category (54.1%), while most schools did not have certified laboratories. Laboratory management is generally still partial and is not systematic, although the usefulness of the laboratory is highly related on by teachers with an average score of 54.4 out of 64. These findings indicated a gap between the availability of facilities, human resource competencies, and the demands of industry-based vocational learning 4.0. The limitations of this study lie in the limited scope of the area and it has not measured the direct impact on student learning outcomes. The practical implications of this study included the importance of strengthening collaboration among schools, industry, and the government in laboratory planning, improving practice facilities, and training and certification of laboratory personnel. Socially, laboratory modernization is an important foundation in producing adaptive and competitive vocational graduates. This study makes an original contribution to mapping the systemic readiness of vocational laboratories in Indonesia
Sales Segmentation Analysis of Tobacco Products Using the K-Means Clustering Method
Full text linkTechnological advancements have encouraged businesses to optimize data utilization, including in sales analysis. This study analyzes sales transaction data of tobacco products at Tobacco Shop Taste using the K-Means Clustering method. By implementing the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework, the sales data were categorized into three groups: highly sold, moderately sold, and less sold. These clustering results support stock management, marketing strategies, and data-driven decision-making. A web-based system was developed, providing real-time monitoring of analysis results, which distinguishes this study from existing solutions by enabling store management to promptly respond to sales trends. This study significantly contributes to the application of data mining technology in the tobacco retail sector, despite being limited to a single store and basic variables. Future development opportunities include integrating broader datasets and analyzing external variables to enhance the accuracy and relevance of the findings.Technological advancements have encouraged businesses to optimize data utilization, including in sales analysis. This study analyzes sales transaction data of tobacco products at Tobacco Shop Taste using the K-Means Clustering method. By implementing the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework, the sales data were categorized into three groups: highly sold, moderately sold, and less sold. These clustering results support stock management, marketing strategies, and data-driven decision-making. A web-based system was developed, providing real-time monitoring of analysis results, which distinguishes this study from existing solutions by enabling store management to promptly respond to sales trends. This study significantly contributes to the application of data mining technology in the tobacco retail sector, despite being limited to a single store and basic variables. Future development opportunities include integrating broader datasets and analyzing external variables to enhance the accuracy and relevance of the findings
Application of K-Means Data Mining to Measure the Level of Satisfaction of KITA Car Driving Course
Full text linkKITA Driving Course, located in Kisaran, North Sumatra, faces challenges in maintaining service quality amidst increasing student enrollment. Despite operating since 2013, the institution lacks a structured, data-driven evaluation system to assess student satisfaction. This study applies a quantitative descriptive approach using the K-Means clustering algorithm to classify student satisfaction levels. Data were collected from 100 respondents through a questionnaire based on the five SERVQUAL dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The K-Means algorithm grouped the satisfaction data into three categories: highly satisfied, satisfied, and dissatisfied. The majority of students were classified as satisfied (18 students), followed by highly satisfied (11 students), and dissatisfied (10 students). The findings indicate that the K-Means algorithm provides valuable insights into student satisfaction patterns, enabling targeted service improvements. The analysis also reveals that responsiveness and assurance were key areas of dissatisfaction, suggesting that instructor response time and safety assurance should be prioritized. These insights can help improve service strategies and can be adapted by other educational institutions for quality optimization through data analysis.KITA Driving Course, located in Kisaran, North Sumatra, faces challenges in maintaining service quality amidst increasing student enrollment. Despite operating since 2013, the institution lacks a structured, data-driven evaluation system to assess student satisfaction. This study applies a quantitative descriptive approach using the K-Means clustering algorithm to classify student satisfaction levels. Data were collected from 100 respondents through a questionnaire based on the five SERVQUAL dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The K-Means algorithm grouped the satisfaction data into three categories: highly satisfied, satisfied, and dissatisfied. The majority of students were classified as satisfied (18 students), followed by highly satisfied (11 students), and dissatisfied (10 students). The findings indicate that the K-Means algorithm provides valuable insights into student satisfaction patterns, enabling targeted service improvements. The analysis also reveals that responsiveness and assurance were key areas of dissatisfaction, suggesting that instructor response time and safety assurance should be prioritized. These insights can help improve service strategies and can be adapted by other educational institutions for quality optimization through data analysis
CFD Simulation of Pipe Joints Using SimScale: Analysis of the Effect of Different Inlet Velocities on Water Fluid Flow
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the effect of variations in inlet velocity on fluid flow patterns at tee-junction pipe connections using numerical simulations based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The SimScale platform was used because it supports cloud-based processing and integration with OpenFOAM solvers. The tee connection model is designed in three dimensions, with the main and branch pipe dimensions each having a diameter of 100 mm. The merging process uses the parametric hexagonal method and local refinement in the joint area to accurately capture turbulent phenomena. Simulations were performed under incompressible and isothermal flow conditions with a standard k–ε turbulence model, using water fluid and the SIMPLE algorithm. The inlet velocity consists of 2 variations A (VI = 1 m/s, V2 = -1 m/s) and variation B (V1 = -1.5 m/s, V2 = -3 m/s). Simulation results show that increasing the inlet velocity results in a more turbulent flow, characterized by an increase in the turbulent kinematic viscosity, specific dissipation rate, and turbulent kinetic energy. Conversely, low velocities indicate higher pressure accumulation due to flow resistance. These findings indicate that inlet velocity variations significantly affect flow characteristics, requiring attention in system design to maintain long-term operational efficiency and reliability.This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in inlet velocity on fluid flow patterns at tee-junction pipe connections using numerical simulations based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The SimScale platform was used because it supports cloud-based processing and integration with OpenFOAM solvers. The tee connection model is designed in three dimensions, with the main and branch pipe dimensions each having a diameter of 100 mm. The merging process uses the parametric hexagonal method and local refinement in the joint area to accurately capture turbulent phenomena. Simulations were performed under incompressible and isothermal flow conditions with a standard k–ε turbulence model, using water fluid and the SIMPLE algorithm. The inlet velocity consists of 2 variations A (VI = 1 m/s, V2 = -1 m/s) and variation B (V1 = -1.5 m/s, V2 = -3 m/s). Simulation results show that increasing the inlet velocity results in a more turbulent flow, characterized by an increase in the turbulent kinematic viscosity, specific dissipation rate, and turbulent kinetic energy. Conversely, low velocities indicate higher pressure accumulation due to flow resistance. These findings indicate that inlet velocity variations significantly affect flow characteristics, requiring attention in system design to maintain long-term operational efficiency and reliability
The Influence of the Team-Based Learning Model on Students’ Procedural Knowledge Learning Outcomes in Information and Communication Technology Subjects
Full text linkImproving students' learning outcomes in terms of procedural knowledge in the subject of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) remains a significant challenge in the field of education. This is due to the limitations of traditional teaching methods, which are less effective in promoting active student engagement and are not optimal in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. To address this issue, this study aims to explore the implementation of the Team-Based Learning (TBL) model as an innovative instructional strategy that focuses on teamwork and active participation in the learning process. The TBL model is designed to enhance both conceptual understanding and procedural skills through group discussions, individual and team quizzes, and real-world applications. This study employs a quasi-experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group that applies the TBL model and a control group that uses conventional teaching methods. The results indicate that the implementation of TBL significantly improves students' procedural knowledge, encourages active interaction between teachers and students, and receives positive feedback from learners. These findings highlight the great potential of TBL as an effective approach to improving the quality of ICT learning in schools.Improving students' learning outcomes in terms of procedural knowledge in the subject of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) remains a significant challenge in the field of education. This is due to the limitations of traditional teaching methods, which are less effective in promoting active student engagement and are not optimal in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. To address this issue, this study aims to explore the implementation of the Team-Based Learning (TBL) model as an innovative instructional strategy that focuses on teamwork and active participation in the learning process. The TBL model is designed to enhance both conceptual understanding and procedural skills through group discussions, individual and team quizzes, and real-world applications. This study employs a quasi-experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group that applies the TBL model and a control group that uses conventional teaching methods. The results indicate that the implementation of TBL significantly improves students' procedural knowledge, encourages active interaction between teachers and students, and receives positive feedback from learners. These findings highlight the great potential of TBL as an effective approach to improving the quality of ICT learning in schools
The Experimental Study of the Lens Wind Turbine Performance with Vortex Generator
Full text linkWind energy potential is available in several regions in Indonesia with wind ranges reaching 5 m/s. Wind turbine research continues to develop to produce optimal power. The aim of this research is to determine the performance of wind turbines equipped with diffusers or lens that put triangle fin vortex generator on lens’s surface. The turbine blade used Clark-Y that has a winglet angle of 45-degrees. There are three variations of lens wind turbine that were tested: without vortex generator, z/h=4.5, z/h=2.5, z/h=0.5. The research was carried out experimentally with fifth wind velocity 3 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 4 m/s, 4.5 m/s, and 5 m/s. The results analyzed to determine turbine performance are turbine rotation, the power produced due to wind direction. Based on the results of the experiments that have been carried out, the results were obtained a straight comparison between TSR and wind turbine rotation (rpm), and straight comparison between Cp and TRS. The Cp is largest in a lens wind turbine with a vortex generator z/h=0.5, which is 0.59 and has the highest power output of 473 watt.Wind energy potential is available in several regions in Indonesia with wind ranges reaching 5 m/s. Wind turbine research continues to develop to produce optimal power. The aim of this research is to determine the performance of wind turbines equipped with diffusers or lens that put triangle fin vortex generator on lens’s surface. The turbine blade used Clark-Y that has a winglet angle of 45-degrees. There are three variations of lens wind turbine that were tested: without vortex generator, z/h=4.5, z/h=2.5, z/h=0.5. The research was carried out experimentally with fifth wind velocity 3 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 4 m/s, 4.5 m/s, and 5 m/s. The results analyzed to determine turbine performance are turbine rotation, the power produced due to wind direction. Based on the results of the experiments that have been carried out, the results were obtained a straight comparison between TSR and wind turbine rotation (rpm), and straight comparison between Cp and TRS. The Cp is largest in a lens wind turbine with a vortex generator z/h=0.5, which is 0.59 and has the highest power output of 473 watt
Analysis of Biomass Briquettes Made from Rubber Seed Shells and Acacia Sawdust with Variation in Material Composition Percentage
Full text linkIndonesia is reducing reliance on fossil fuels by expanding renewable energy, including biomass from rubber-plantation residues and acacia wood. This study evaluates briquettes made from rubber seed shell (RSS) and acacia sawdust (AWS) using 10% tapioca binder, a compaction pressure of 50 kgf cm⁻², and drying at 100 °C for 3 h. Three compositions (RSS:AWS, %wt) were tested: A (50:50), B (70:30), and C (80:20). The best performance was obtained for C (80:20), with moisture 7.40%, volatile matter 9.56%, ash 4.47%, fixed carbon 85.95%, HHV 6,716.88 cal g⁻¹ (28.10 MJ kg⁻¹), and burn rate 0.10 g min⁻¹. All compositions satisfied SNI 01-6235-2000 limits for HHV (≥ 5,000 cal g⁻¹), VM (≤ 15%), and ash (≤ 8%); the moisture criterion (≤ 8%) was met by B and C. For context, SNI 1683:2021 (wood charcoal, not briquettes) imposes stricter thresholds; under these, C is closest to First-Quality ranges, while A and B fall short for several parameters. Overall, increasing the RSS (char) fraction produced briquettes with lower moisture and VM, higher fixed carbon and HHV, and steadier combustion suitable for household fuel.Indonesia is reducing reliance on fossil fuels by expanding renewable energy, including biomass from rubber-plantation residues and acacia wood. This study evaluates briquettes made from rubber seed shell (RSS) and acacia sawdust (AWS) using 10% tapioca binder, a compaction pressure of 50 kgf cm⁻², and drying at 100 °C for 3 h. Three compositions (RSS:AWS, %wt) were tested: A (50:50), B (70:30), and C (80:20). The best performance was obtained for C (80:20), with moisture 7.40%, volatile matter 9.56%, ash 4.47%, fixed carbon 85.95%, HHV 6,716.88 cal g⁻¹ (28.10 MJ kg⁻¹), and burn rate 0.10 g min⁻¹. All compositions satisfied SNI 01-6235-2000 limits for HHV (≥ 5,000 cal g⁻¹), VM (≤ 15%), and ash (≤ 8%); the moisture criterion (≤ 8%) was met by B and C. For context, SNI 1683:2021 (wood charcoal, not briquettes) imposes stricter thresholds; under these, C is closest to First-Quality ranges, while A and B fall short for several parameters. Overall, increasing the RSS (char) fraction produced briquettes with lower moisture and VM, higher fixed carbon and HHV, and steadier combustion suitable for household fuel
Implementation of the Borda Method for Selecting Winners in the Tahfeez Tahmeed and Prayer Competition by DPD Recital Alhidayah
Full text linkTahfeez, tahmeed, and prayer competitions that are routinely held by DPD Recital Alhidayah often experience obstacles in the assessment process due to the lack of a structured and computerized system, thereby reducing the efficiency and accuracy of assessment. This problem has become increasingly complex with a large number of participants and the absence of standard procedures in awarding scores. This research was conducted to develop a decision support system that can assist the judges in determining the winner of the competition objectively, efficiently, and transparently. The method used is the Borda Method, which is a rank-based decision-making method that is effective in accommodating the assessment of many judges and criteria. The system was built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database, and was designed with a quantitative approach through the processing of participant scores based on three main criteria: tajweed, fluency, and rhythm. The implementation of this system allows judges to conduct assessments digitally, where the grades given are automatically processed and ranked using the Borda Method. The results of the study show that this system can speed up the assessment process and announcement of the winner from the previous 4–5 days to instant after the input of the score is completed. This system also increases transparency, reduces subjectivity, and ensures consistency in scoring. Thus, this system becomes a relevant and applicable solution to support professionalism in religious competitions.Tahfeez, tahmeed, and prayer competitions that are routinely held by DPD Recital Alhidayah often experience obstacles in the assessment process due to the lack of a structured and computerized system, thereby reducing the efficiency and accuracy of assessment. This problem has become increasingly complex with a large number of participants and the absence of standard procedures in awarding scores. This research was conducted to develop a decision support system that can assist the judges in determining the winner of the competition objectively, efficiently, and transparently. The method used is the Borda Method, which is a rank-based decision-making method that is effective in accommodating the assessment of many judges and criteria. The system was built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database, and was designed with a quantitative approach through the processing of participant scores based on three main criteria: tajweed, fluency, and rhythm. The implementation of this system allows judges to conduct assessments digitally, where the grades given are automatically processed and ranked using the Borda Method. The results of the study show that this system can speed up the assessment process and announcement of the winner from the previous 4–5 days to instant after the input of the score is completed. This system also increases transparency, reduces subjectivity, and ensures consistency in scoring. Thus, this system becomes a relevant and applicable solution to support professionalism in religious competitions
Problematic Analysis of the National Free School Lunch Policy on Vocational Education
Full text linkFree school lunch policies have been shown to improve student health and well-being in many countries. However, the implementation of these policies in low- and middle-income countries faces significant challenges, including logistical issues, budget constraints, and coordination among stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by countries that have already implemented free lunch programs, with a focus on the lessons learned by Indonesia in preparing a similar policy. This research is a literature review, utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study focuses on the 10 highest-cited articles from the Scopus database published between 2019 and 2024 that discuss the implementation of free lunch programs in various countries. Document analysis was employed to extract and synthesize key challenges and solutions. Findings show that the main challenges include difficulties with food distribution in remote areas, lack of sustainable budgets, and suboptimal coordination between the government and schools. The implications of the study highlight the importance of strengthening logistics infrastructure and improving coordination across sectors in Indonesia to ensure smooth implementation of the school lunch policy. Future research needs to focus on the long-term impact of the lunch program on academic achievement and innovative logistics models that can be adapted for remote areas in Indonesia.Free school lunch policies have been shown to improve student health and well-being in many countries. However, the implementation of these policies in low- and middle-income countries faces significant challenges, including logistical issues, budget constraints, and coordination among stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by countries that have already implemented free lunch programs, with a focus on the lessons learned by Indonesia in preparing a similar policy. This research is a literature review, utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study focuses on the 10 highest-cited articles from the Scopus database published between 2019 and 2024 that discuss the implementation of free lunch programs in various countries. Document analysis was employed to extract and synthesize key challenges and solutions. Findings show that the main challenges include difficulties with food distribution in remote areas, lack of sustainable budgets, and suboptimal coordination between the government and schools. The implications of the study highlight the importance of strengthening logistics infrastructure and improving coordination across sectors in Indonesia to ensure smooth implementation of the school lunch policy. Future research needs to focus on the long-term impact of the lunch program on academic achievement and innovative logistics models that can be adapted for remote areas in Indonesia