Central Food Technological Research Institute
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Development of instant kheer mix from ash gourd (benincasa hispida l.) & evaluation of its nutritional composition
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Development of high‑fiber and high‑protein virgin coconut oil‑based spread and its physico‑chemical, and sensory qualities.
No full textA spread was prepared using blends of virgin
coconut oil (VCO), trans-free fat (TFF), whey powder,
coconut fiber, emulsifiers, and flavors. Curcumin was added
in micro quantities to provide a natural color. The samples
formulated were tested for their spreadability, texture, and
phase separation. The samples were analyzed for their physicochemical
properties, such as color, texture, rheological
characterization, and storage stability. The results showed
that the formulated spread had moisture of 2.10%, protein
of 9.23%, fat of 67.35%, ash of 4.56%, crude fiber of 11.2%,
total carbohydrate 10.12%, and the values of peroxide, and
percentage of free fatty acids were well below the acceptable
levels during storage periods. The samples showed a phase
separation after one month of storage at 38 °C. However,
no separation was observed when stored at 4 °C and 27 °C.
The spreads showed shear-thinning behavior, were solid at
4 °C, and were spreadable at 27 °C and flowy at 38 °C. DSC
analysis indicated that the sample was solid below 9.63 °C
and liquid over 20.57 °C. The spread was rich in lauric
acid (26.01%), palmitic acid (28.26%), and trans fatty acid (Elaidic acid) was not detected. Based on the texture and
sensory results, a 50:50 blend of VCO: TFF showed good
spreadability. Sensorily, the products showed higher overall
acceptability scores. The developed spread has an abundance
of fiber, protein, and health-promoting factors from VCO
Utilization of tamarind kernel powder for the development of bioplastic films: production and characterization.
No full textGlobal plastic production is on a rapid and alarming rise, posing a significant threat to our environment due to plastic's non-biodegradable nature. In response to this urgent issue, the present study aimed to develop eco-friendly plastic films from tamarind kernel powder (TKP) and PBAT using melt blending, followed by cast-film extrusion. Tamarind kernel powder was subjected to proximate and physico-chemical analysis. The effect of the TKP content (10, 20, and 30 wt%) and plasticizers (glycerol and polyethylene glycol) on the blending of PBAT was investigated. These bioplastic films were subjected to compatibility, mechanical, thermal, water barrier, UV-vis spectroscopy, and overall migration and biodegradation studies. From proximate analysis, the major constituent of TKP powder was found to be xyloglucan, accounting for 66.8% of the total carbohydrates. FTIR analysis showed that TKP has strong interactions with PBAT. SEM micrographs revealed that 30% of the TKP films had an increased roughness and uniform dispersion, which was found in the presence of plasticizers. UV-visible spectroscopy analysis showed that transmittance decreased with an increase in the concentration of TKP. The tensile strength of TKP inclusion films decreased with an increase in concentration, whereas their modulus enhanced, showing increased film stiffness. Overall, migration studies showed that TKP inclusion films had higher migration than neat PBAT films owing to the top hydrophilic nature of TKP powder
The emerging role of the gut microbiome in cancer cell plasticity and therapeutic resistance
No full textResistance to therapeutic agents is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. Generally, the focus is given to the genetic driver, especially the genetic mutation behind the therapeutic resistance. However, non-mutational mechanisms, such as epigenetic modifications, and TME alteration, which is mainly driven by cancer cell plasticity, are also involved in therapeutic resistance. The concept of plasticity mainly relies on the conversion of non-cancer stem cells (CSCs) to CSCs or epithelial-
to-mesenchymal transition via different mechanisms and various signaling pathways. Cancer plasticity plays a crucial role in therapeutic resistance as cancer cells are able to escape from therapeutics by shifting the phenotype and thereby enhancing tumor progression. New evidence suggests that gut microbiota can change cancer cell characteristics by impacting the mechanisms involved in cancer plasticity. Interestingly, gut microbiota can also influence the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs by modulating the mechanisms involved in cancer cell plasticity. The gut microbiota has been shown to reduce the
toxicity of certain clinical drugs. Here, we have documented the critical role of the gut microbiota on the therapeutic efficacy of existing anticancer drugs by altering the cancer plasticity. Hence, the extended knowledge of the emerging role of gut microbiota in cancer cell plasticity can help to develop gut microbiota-based novel therapeutics to overcome the resistance or reduce the toxicity of existing drugs. Furthermore, to improve the effectiveness of therapy, it is necessary to conduct more clinical and preclinical research to fully comprehend the mechanisms of gut microbiota
