Central Food Technological Research Institute
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Phytochemical Analysis of Triphala Extract, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition for Obesity Management
No full textPancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition is a prominent pharmacological strategy for managing obesity, as it reduces the hydrolysis
of dietary triglycerides (TAG) into free fatty acids and monoglycerides. Orlistat, an FDA-approved drug, achieves a 30%
reduction in body fat through irreversible covalent inhibition of PL. However, the gastrointestinal side effects limit its
long-term use. To address these issues, we explored inhibition using natural compounds from Triphala (TRI), a renowned
Ayurvedic formulation comprising three plants - Emblica officinalis (EO), Terminalia bellirica (TB), and Terminalia
chebula (TC). This study investigated PL inhibition by an 80% hydro-ethanolic extract of individual herbs (EO, TB, TC)
as well as, Triphala (TRI) and its fractions and identified key bioactive compounds - Ellagic acid, Chebulic acid and
Corilagin via LC-MS/MS. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses revealed that TF1 is rich in phenols and
tannins and exhibited significant PL inhibition compared to individual herb extracts. Additionally, Ellagic acid, Chebulic
acid and Corilagin of TF1 demonstrated notable PL-inhibition, with IC50 values 58.41 ± 1.92 µg/mL, 125.33 ± 2.80 and
257.81 ± 2.10 µg/mL respectively. Furthermore, the PL inhibition kinetics showed that these bioactives and TRI fractions
exhibited mixed inhibition, in contrast to the competitive inhibition of Orlistat (positive control). Molecular docking and
100 ns molecular dynamic simulations of PL-inhibitor complexes revealed that the bioactives bind to key residues in the
PL active site. Among the three bioactives, Chebulic acid has better binding energy, primarily due to its substantial electro-
static interactions with the gatekeeper residue D80 of the PL active site. These findings highlight the potential of Triphala
bioactives, particularly Chebulic acid and Ellagic acid, to effectively inhibit PL and provide a strategy to manage obesity
Effects of advanced oxidation process on biological treatment of spent fermentation broth
No full textThe present study aimed to establish the feasibility of the wastewater treatment process generated from an oleaginous fer-
mentation plant. Treatment of spent fermentation broth (SFB) poses significant environmental challenges due to its high
organic load, recalcitrant compounds, and potential toxicity. The synergistic effects of combining ozone-based advanced
oxidation process (O3-AOP) with biological treatment for the efficient degradation of pollutants in spent fermentation broth.
O3-AOP aimed to decolorize SFB and improve the biodegradability index (BI). After O3-AOP pretreatment, color, chemical
oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were reduced by 92, 22.3, and 4.7%, respectively, with
the improvement of BI from 0.59 to 0.72. Furthermore, the anaerobic–aerobic sequential system (AASS), where anaerobic
digestion (AD) was followed by an aerobic treatment process (ATP), ~ 93.08 and 91.53% COD and BOD reduction were
achieved. In turn, 197 mL of maximum cumulative bio-methane was produced during AD. The inoculum for AASS resulted
in color enhancement during the digestion process. O3-AOP post-treatment, after AASS, lowered the color to 80 NTU, with a
final 93.6% color removal efficiency. Before and after treatment, the water quality index (WQI) decreased from 12,642.83 to
719.65 (weighted arithmetic WQI), suggesting the unacceptability of the water for portable usage. However, the phytotoxicity
analysis of 70% seed germination suggested its nontoxic nature in agricultural field activity. Through the WQI assessment,
it was evident that the pollution potential of the SFB was reduced significantly during the treatment process, but the treated stream was not suitable for potable use, and further treatment processes, such as membrane filtration and evaporators, were
recommended to re-use the water within the system to reduce the freshwater demand. The findings influence the augmenta-
tion of sustainable and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment approaches for the biotechnological industry
