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Nannochloropsis biomass alleviates high fat diet induced cardiac and hepatic metabolic disturbances in mice
No full textThe high-fat diet (HFD) causes cardiac and hepatic injury by inducing metabolic disturbances like oxidative
stress, dyslipidemia, steatosis, endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, altered organ function parameters, in
flammatory mediators, and apoptosis. The present study evaluated bioactive compounds rich biomass of
microalga Nannochloropsis sp. for its possible protective effect and associated mechanisms against HFD induced
hepatic and cardiac metabolic disturbances in a mice model. Supplementation of HFD with 15 % of Nanno
chloropsis sp. biomass significantly alleviated the cardiac and hepatic metabolic disturbances. Supplementation
countered the body weight gain, modulated oxidative stress and dyslipidemia, improved cardiovascular risk
indices, and attenuated the organ/tissue injury markers AST, ALT, CKMB, and LDH. Histology studies showed
that supplementation effectively reduced the HFD induced steatosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and necrosis in the
liver and heart tissues. Supplementation significantly suppressed the elevated mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γ
and CD36, thereby protecting the organs against steatosis. Furthermore, the supplementation significantly
alleviated the HFD induced perturbations in inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing the elevated caspase-3
and caspase-9 activity and protein expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS while upregulating the IL-10
protein expression. Supplementation also significantly attenuated the endothelial dysfunction and
angiogenesis-associated organ remodelling by downregulating the increased mRNA expression levels of ICAM-1,
VCAM-1, and VEGF-A. The study suggests the potential of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass as a functional dietary
supplement for the alleviation of HFD induced cardiac and hepatic metabolic disturbances
Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Potential of Salicornia brachiata Roxb. Seed Oil
No full textDiabetes mellitus and obesity are prevalent lifestyle-related diseases worldwide. Salicornia brachiata, a halophytic plant
usually found in salt marshes with a succulent stem portion comprising seeds and roots beneath the ground. Tender suc-
culent stem part has been consumed as a salad, and vegetable traditionally with reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
and cytotoxic biological activities. Previous reports described a presence of oil content and fatty acid composition in the
seeds of Salicornia brachiata without highlighting its pharmacological effects. Since the fatty acids are ascribes to the
anti-diabetic and lipid lowering potential, the current study aims to analyse the seed oil of edible halophyte Salicornia
brachiata to explore its potential in managing diabetes and obesity through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methodologies.
Soxhlet extracted seed oil was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry which revealed significant presence
of linoleic acid. The in silico analysis of linoleic acid with α-glucosidase enzyme, indicated a promising binding affin-
ity to amino acid residues of enzyme, suggesting the formation of a stable protein-ligand complex. Subsequently, the in
vitro studies demonstrated that the extracted oil inhibited α-glucosidase enzyme, corroborating the in silico findings. In
vivo experiments conducted on two months old C57BL/6J male mice (n = 6) with 20–25 g body weight provided with a
normal diet at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight described significant reductions in blood parameters, such as glucose,
cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, highlighting the oil’s anti-hyperglycaemic
and anti-hyperlipidaemic properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report paving the way
for further research into its health benefits
Fractionation of roller‑milled quinoa: evaluation of functional and nutritional properties of different fractions
No full textQuinoa is a nutrient-dense pseudo-cereal rich in fiber and plant-based protein, making it a superfood. Roller milling of
quinoa grain produces two main streams: flour fractions and bran fractions. The flour fractions consist of break passages
(B1, B2, B3—B streams), contributing approximately 40%, and reduction passages (C1, C2, C3—C streams), contributing
35%, while the bran fractions (fine and coarse) accounted for 22%. Roller milling of quinoa grain yielded 30.5% bran, 8.2%
embryo, and 60.8% perisperm. Whole quinoa flour (WQF) contained 10.06% moisture, 3.2% ash, 14.30% protein, 3.30%
fat, and 12.16% dietary fiber. However, these values varied significantly across the fractions. Among all fractions, fine and
coarse bran had the highest protein (20.22%) and dietary fiber (23.9%) content, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy
effectively differentiated between B and C streams and bran fractions based on the structure and distribution of starch
molecules. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed protein bands in the range of approximately
1650–1580 cm⁻1 and starch bands within 1000–1170 cm⁻1. Additionally, amylograph results demonstrated that B streams
exhibited higher peak viscosity and lower gelatinization compared to other samples. The setback value was also higher for B
and C streams, indicating greater amylose content, which retrogrades at an accelerated rate. Thermal properties, analyzed by
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), showed that bran fractions had a higher gelatinization temperature, while B and
C streams gelatinized at 55 °C. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of roller milling on the nutritional
and functional properties of quinoa fractions, which can guide the development of value-added quinoa-based products with
desired characteristics
Valorization of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Testa as a Source of Phenolic Compounds with α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Properties
No full textPurpose Cashew nut testa (CNT) is an underutilized cashew by-product. This agro-industrial by-product has the potential
for valorization. This study evaluates the novel potential of antioxidant, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of
cashew nut testa polyphenols through bioassay-guided fractionation.
Methods The antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory properties of crude and various phenolic frac-
tions of cashew nut testa were evaluated in this study. Chromatographic separation and in-vitro bioassays directed the iden-
tification of the most active fraction.
Results The crude ethanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity from DPPH* (IC50 15.50 ± 0.67 µg mL− 1) and
ABTS* (IC50 40.20 ± 2.40 µg mL− 1) assays. Among the column fractions, fraction 7 is the most potent fraction with superior
antioxidant activity. Characterization was done by TLC, HPTLC, and HPLC, indicating the presence of flavonoids. Cashew
nut testa phenolics showed potential inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
Conclusion Polyphenols recovered from this agro-industrial by-product had antioxidant, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase
inhibitory properties. Flavonoids, especially (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and catechin gallate, are the
primary polyphenols responsible for the antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory properties of cashew nut testa.
This study suggests the potential valorization of this agro-industrial by-product as a source of antioxidants and a natural
source of polyphenols to manage hyperglycaemia
