ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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KINETIC AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE BACKSTROKE START
Full text linkRace start technique in competitive swimming has developed considerably in recent years and is thought to be an important factor governing the outcome of a race. The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability of a new analysis system for swimming (PAS-S), as well as to analyse the backstroke start kinetics and kinematics and to compare the normal backstroke start with the backstroke start with a new start device. 16 high level competitive swimmers were examined in this study, which revealed that the measurements with the PAS-S are reliable. The analysis of the backstroke start showed the importance of a high preload force just before the start signal. Furthermore, if available, swimmers should use the new backstroke start device since the 15 m times were significantly faster even without considerable training with the new start device
PERFORMANCE RELATED TECHNIQUE FACTORS IN OLYMPIC SPRINT KAYAKING
Full text linkA sprint kayaking specific deterministic model was used to identify key performance related technique factors using data from 12 international-level kayakers. There was large variability in the strength of the between-factor relationships across the group. The pull phase was split into 3 components with the 1st phase contributing the most to increases in boat velocity and the 3rd phase causing a decrease in velocity. The propulsive impulse had the largest influence on velocity, but the magnitude of the impact was moderated by blade slip. Large propulsive impulses in the 3rd phase of the pull were associated with larger decreases in velocity. The results show that the model can be used to identify key technique factors on an individual level, although the use of the model should be confirmed on additional kayakers before being used in an applied setting by practitioners
PLATFORM HEIGHT FOR DROP JUMP DETERMINED BY COUNTER MOVEMENT JUMP
Full text linkThe purpose of the study was to apply personal counter movement jump (CMJ) ability as a standard of choosing the height of the platform and to analyze the kinematics and kinetics during DJ in order to find the appropriate height of the platform for an individual. Twenty male Division I college volleyball players were the participants. Data were collected using 11 infrared Eagle cameras and two AMTI force platforms. The major finding was that the personalized platform height designed according to personal jumping ability showed significant increase in the impulse of eccentric phase during the drop height being above 100%CMJ. The platform height chosen according to 100%CMJ would be an appropriate height for an individual
REPRODUCIBILITY OF CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC PEAK TORQUE IN FEMALES
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to assess the ability of female subjects to reproduce peak torque during concentric and eccentric muscle contractions as measured by a CYBEX NORM isokinetic dynamometer. Twenty female subjects were tested using a knee extension protocol (both concentric and eccentric) at velocities of 60 and 120 deg/sec with a 30 sec rest between each repetition and a 1 min rest between velocity sets. ANOVA results indicated a significant interaction between velocity and order effect (4.47,
DIFFERENTIATING TOP-RANKED MALE TENNIS PLAYERS FROM LOWERRANKED PLAYERS USING HAWK-EYE DATA: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE 2012–2014 AUSTRALIAN OPEN TOURNAMENTS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to differentiate top- and lower-ranked professional tennis players, using Hawk-Eye derived performance metrics. Eighty players competing at the 2012–2014 Australian Open tournaments were assigned to either a top-ranked (n=40) or lower ranked (n=40) group, based on their ATP ranking. Hawk-Eye data from one of each player’s matches were obtained for analysis and compared between groups. Top-ranked players achieved more success on serve (with respect to aces, accuracy and points won) and possessed a faster first serve return, compared with lower-ranked players. Topranked players also played more groundstrokes from behind the baseline, delivered the ball deeper into their opponent’s court, and covered a greater distance during matches. Coaches may be able to use these findings to develop playing style and match tactics
FATIGUE AFFECTS THE FREQUENCY CONTENT OF THE GROUND REACTION FORCES, BUT NOT MAGNITUDE, IN DROP LANDING TASKS
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the lower extremity kinematics, ground reaction forces, and frequency content of the vertical ground reaction forces between two fatigue protocols in a landing task. Eight trained male participants were instructed to perform drop-jump landings before and after two randomly fatigue protocols, namely, long-term running and functional short-term fatigue protocols. We found that the functional short-term fatigue protocol would induce an increase in hip and knee flexion, which resulted in a more flexed landing posture. Furthermore, the functional short-term fatigue protocol would decrease amplitudes in lower frequencies while increasing amplitudes in higher frequencies. These results will provide a preliminary reference for the selection of fatigue protocols in laboratory tests
THE KNEE INJURIES IN SKIING: MECHANISMS AND ASSESSMENT
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to describe the main mechanisms of knee injuries in skiing, and especially the dominant role of anterior cruciate ligament in these injuries. To complete classical clinical tests of ligamentous laxity and help defining the appropriate time to return to sports after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, accurate 3D kinematic assessment of the weight-bearing knee joint is essential. Current limits of such an assessment are described. Then recent studies of patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficient and reconstructed, using a tibio femoral tracking device specially designed to analyse the kinematics of the knee, are presented
RUGBY AND CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
Full text linkThe purpose of this presentation is to present an overview about cervical spine injuries and rugby. We focus first on global epidemiology of such injuries and on the associated injury mechanisms. Then we present the different actions developed during the last decades in order to reduce the number of injuries. In a final part, a new approach based on Finite Element Modelling is proposed to identify links between injury risks and specific anatomy
LOW BACK PAIN: BIOMECHANICS ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
Full text linkEpidemiological studies have shown that lower back pain from golf represent 25% of all golf related injuries. A review of the literature shows that the etiology is pluri-factorial, with general and specific risk factors. For the average players and the elite players, the mechanical loadings on the lumbar spine must be analyzed during all the golf swing. The specific risk factors, as range of motion restriction, abnormal muscle recruitment, excessive X-factor, important right side bending with high velocity lumbar rotation (crunch factor) are essential elements to be considered in a prevention strategy. Golf can aggravate pre-existing low back pain, especially in a context of overuse, without correct warm-up and with important golf swing technical fault but golf could also be an efficient treatment when it is practiced in good conditions
VOLUMETRIC EVALUATION OF BASKETBALL THROWS
Full text linkThis study aims to provide an evaluation, through some simplifications, for the most forgiving throw positions in basketball throughout the playing field. Throws are modeled as differential equations and then solved numerically. These numerical solutions are checked against major events such as backboard or rim collision, score etc. and continue (afler a bounce) or terminate accordingly. A volumetric approach have been undertaken to summarize these throws into a positional graph which is also presented