ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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SOFTWARE FOR LONGITUDINAL AND INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL CAPACITIES OF INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS OF ATHLETES
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to present the Athlete Profile software which was developed to assist professionals involved in sport training to extract information from results of physical tests carried out by large groups of athletes. Through different graphic resources the software allows, in an interactive way, the simultaneous viewing of the performance of an athlete in all physical tests at different moments of training and the comparison with the evolution of his group. Using reference tables that classify the results of each test from very low to excelent, depending on the sex and age of the athlete, the software also allows the physical fitness characterization and the comparison of the physical development of the athlete with the expected
RELATIONSHIP OF LEG AND JOINT STIFFNESS DURING BASIC AND SPORTS SPECIFIC TASKS IN HIGH LEVEL ATHLETES
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to assess the stiffness relationship between basic jumping tasks and sports specific tasks, and the underlying joint stiffness contributions which contribute to leg stiffness modulation. Forty-seven high level female athletes from varying training backgrounds completed a maximal countermovement jump, drop jump, horizontal jump, 50 m sprint, change of direction cutting task and repetitive hopping. Pearson’s correlations or their non-parametric equivalent identified no relationship between basic jumping and sports specific tasks, however the repetitive hopping task exhibited a moderate relationship to each disciplines relevant sports specific task. Furthermore, joint stiffness contributions appeared to be unique to each athletic group. Results of this study appear to suggest sports specific tasks are superior screening tools for athletes
STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF EXPLOSIVE FORCE PRODUCTION ON QUICK LIFT MOTION BY ANALYSIS OF EMG AND MOTION
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to investigate how explosive force exerts during power clean (PC) motion. The subjects are ten skilleds and ten unskilleds. The joint trajectory and EMG during PC are recorded. The joint torque and its rate of torque development (RTD) are calculated from the obtained data. The joint stiffness is estimated from joint stiffness index (JSI) calculated from EMG of agonist and antagonist muscle pair. Experimental results indicated that the skilleds showed the double knee bent that is typically seen in a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). Skilleds exerted large values of RTD and JSI just after a period of exerting their small values during SSC. It indicates that a much amount of elastic energy stored in a low stiffness state is instantly transferred to the upper segments in the successive high stiffness state by “tenodesis action” of muscles. This is why large RTD generates in the skilled
EMG OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLES DURING KETTLEBELL EXERCISES
Full text linkThe current study examined the differences of lower limb muscle activity during two different styles of kettlebell swings, hip-dominant and swing-dominant styles. Surface electrodes were placed on the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius. Nine subjects performed a hip-dominant swing and a swingdominant swing while electromyography data were collected. The data collected showed that there were no significant differences in muscle activation during the two swings when analyzing the results of the electromyography of the selected lower limb muscles. These findings suggest that there is no advantage to performing one style of swing over the other in kettlebell swing exercises during training
EFFECT OF LANDING SURFACE AND UPPER EXTREMITY CONSTRAINT ON BIOMECHANICS GRADED BY THE LANDING ERROR SCORING SYSTEM
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to compare jump-landing biomechanics across 1) landing surface condition; and 2) upper extremity constraint condition as graded by the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Recreational athletes (N=40; 21M, 19F) performed three jump-landings with three surface (Grass (GS), Court (CS), and Tile (TS)) and upper extremity constraint conditions (unconstrained (UN), football (AF), and lacrosse stick (LS)). The jump-landings were recorded via 2D videography and graded using the LESS. No differences were observed by surface (GS=5.01±1.40; CS=4.83±1.31; TS=5.09±1.86, p=0.52) or constraint condition (UN=5.09±1.86; FB=4.76±1.65; LS=4.86±1.76; p=0.21). The results indicate that the LESS is a robust instrument biomechanical screening in different landing environments and with sports with different upper extremity equipment
LOWER BODY KINEMATICS AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING EXERCICES IN 3D MOTORIZED ROTATING PLATFORM. IN-VIVO STUDY AND MODEL
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to characterize muscle solicitations implied by the movement of a motorized rotating platform (MRP). Subjects performed five classical exercises on a MRP as part of lower limbs rehabilitation programs. EMG signals were recorded to quantify level and duration of activation of seven lower limbs muscles. Subject-specific musculoskeletal models were built and animated from kinematic recordings to estimate muscle lengths evolution. Results show that unipodal stance exercise was more demanding compared to bipodal ones. The characterization of solicitations imposed by MRP exercises could be useful for physiotherapists in order to help them to better select and configure exercises regarding to subject specificities, pathology and rehabilitation evolution
CROSS-PROFESSIONAL DIFFERENCES IN REAL-TIME ASSESSMENT OF ACL INJURY RISK
Full text linkSimple visual inspection of movement is a potentially low cost method for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury screening and prevention. Although many professionals, athletes, and coaches utilize some form of visual inspection of movement/injury risk, there is currently no substantial data on group skill differences. Sports medicine professionals, exercise science students/academics, and strength and conditioning coaches exhibited consistently superior ACL injury risk estimation skill compared to sport coaches, parents of athletes and the general public (about 2 standard deviations). In addition, many individuals’ visual risk assessment accuracy was similar to or exceeded clinical instrument-based biomechanical assessment methods (i.e., ACL nomogram). Perceptual-cognitive mechanisms are discussed
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANKLE LAXITY AND FRONTAL PLANE ANGLES DURING NETBALL SPECIFIC TASKS: A PILOT STUDY
Full text linkAnkle sprains are common in netball and, if quantified mechanical ankle laxity can be linked with ankle kinematics during common netball landing tasks, then preventative measures can be implemented to reduce the occurrence of such injuries. Four netball players had their ankle laxity measured with an ankle arthrometer and performed two landing tasks (a cutting manoeuvre and a linear running task involving a ball catch and sudden stop) within the 3D motion analysis laboratory. The participant with the highest arthrometry measured ankle laxity angle displayed the highest frontal plane range of motion during both landing tasks. A high correlation coefficient (R2=0.84) was found when comparing arthrometry measures with frontal plane range of motion during the cutting task. Although a promising relationship was observed, larger sample sizes are needed for more conclusive results
COMFORT AND PLANTAR PRESSURE PATTERN DURING RUNNING WITH PREFABRICATED INSOLES
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plantar pressure pattern and wearing comfort of five different prefabricated insoles. Therefore wearing comfort was assessed by a questionnaire and the use of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and plantar pressure was measured by a Pedar-X system. For statistical analysis single factor ANOVA for repeated measurements, Bonferroni and Pearson correlation test were performed. Significant differences in comfort ratings and average maximum plantar pressure were found. A relationship between average plantar pressure and comfort could not be detected. Nevertheless prefabricated insoles are able to improve wearing comfort of running shoes. Additional parameters like insole hardness and/or flexibility might also influence wearing comfort and seems to modulate the plantar pressure pattern during running
BIOMECHANICAL STUDY OF LANDING MOTION ON A SPRING SURFACE
Full text linkThe purposes of this study were to compare landing motion on a spring surface and that on the ground, and to consider about how to change the landing motion by changing the landing surface. Subjects performed drop landing motion on a force platform (DL) and drop landing motion on a spring surface (DLS) from the top of a box. The ground reaction force of DLS changed greatly up and down like a sign wave. The joint angular velocities of the lower extremity for DLS changed greatly up and down. In particular, the angular velocity of the knee joint was greater than those of other joints. The peak ground reaction forces were absorbed many times after the first peak ground reaction force. Since angular velocity after LOW was the highest in the knee joints compared with the other joints, it was suggested that ground reaction force was mainly absorbed by the knee joint