ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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EFFECT OF HOLD SLOPER ANGLE AND HOLD DEPTH ON MAXIMAL FINGER FORCE CAPACITY OF ROCK CLIMBERS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to identify the combined effect of sloper angle and hold depth on maximal finger force capacity (MFFC) of rock climbers. Eight experienced climbers performed vertical maximal finger contractions on four different size of holds (1, 2, 3 and 4 cm) with five different sloper angles from 0° to 40° (with 10° increment). The results of this study showed that mean MFFC ranged from 25.2 ± 4.1 kg to 49.1 ± 9.0 kg and differed significantly according to the sloper angle and hold depth. Besides, decreasing the hold depth and increasing the sloper angle of a hold leads to a fall of the MFFC. These results confirm the previous findings of hold depth effect and improve them for sloper holds by pointing out the interaction between hold depth and slope angle
THE EXAMINATION OF UPPER LIMB AMBIDEXTERITY IN WRESTLING SNAP DOWN TECHNIQUE
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to bilaterally examine the kinematic motions of the upper extremity in the snap down technique. Six male collegiate wrestlers were recruited and performed a total of ten snaps, five from each side. A standard two-dimensional kinematic analysis was conducted in the upper extremity. The results showed no significant difference between right and left side in the angular displacement, velocity and acceleration. These findings indicated that upper limb ambidexterity was achieved by these college wrestlers in the study. From further video analysis, the study found some wrestlers appeared to use their shoulder and elbow as prime executors of the technique while other wrestlers utilized their hips.Upon this discovery, future studies are warranted to investigate the kinematics of lower extremity motion in the snap down technique
MECHANICS OF THE FRONT ARM TECHNIQUE IN CRICKET FAST BOWLING
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to analyse the kinetics of front arm motion in fast bowling. A sample of 34 fast bowlers was divided into four speed groups. A three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system was used to track and analyse the motion trajectory of forty-eight reflective markers placed on each subject to determine the kinematics of segment joint centres. Ground reaction forces were measured with a force platform. These data were used as input to a 3-D 15-segment inverse solution model of the human body, which used a Newton-Lagrange multiplier iterative method to generate the kinetics equations of motion. The calculations show that the front upper arm torques are time-varying cyclic, challenging the coaching notion recommending fast bowlers to pull the front elbow down as fast as possible into the front hip
SHOULDER JOINT VELOCITY DURING FASTBALL PITCHING IN BASEBALL
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to assess the rotation and translation velocity of the shoulder complex during fastball pitching in baseball. 8 pitchers from the Dutch AAA team performed each 3 fastball pitches. Their motion was recorded by an opto-electronic device. Kinematic computation was performed using the quaternion algebra. The results showed that the endo-rotation, depression and backward rotation velocity of the humerus at ball release are initiated by a translation of the scapular girdle in the forward and upward direction before ball release
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CABLE FORCE DURING HAMMER THROWS WITH HEAVIER IMPLEMENTS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to compare the differences in cable force between throws with a competition hammer (7.26 kg) and a heavier hammer (8.0 kg). Sixteen male hammer throwers threw the competition and heavier hammers, and three-dimensional motion analyses were conducted. The maximum cable force of the heavier hammer was significantly higher than that of the competition hammer during the double support phase of the 3rd and 4th revolutions. This indicates that throws with the heavier hammer cause a load increase during a particularly important phase of the hammer head’s acceleration. This suggests that throws with a heavier hammer can be an effective training method for improving specific strengths to accelerate of the hammer’s head
ASYMMETRIC CONTRIBUTION OF SUPPORT LEG TO CURVED RUNNING VELOCITY
Full text linkThe purposes of this study were to show the support leg contributions in the curved sprinting, and to investigate the differences of contribution between inside and outside legs. Twenty athletes participated in the experiment and ran 60m with maximal effort on the curved path with 41 markers. The trials were recorded by motion capture systems. The relative momentum generated by the support leg and the generated forces were calculated. The asymmetric contributions were found in centrifugal-centripetal component. In the inside leg, the forces to the centripetal direction were generated by the thigh and foot. On the other hand, in the outside leg, the forces to the centripetal direction were generated by the shank and foot. However, the contributions of 3 segments in anteriorposterior and vertical components were similar to the straight sprinting in each leg
EFFECTIVE EXECUTION OF THE FLIGHT IN QUADRUPLE JUMPS IN FIGURE SKATING
Full text linkFor a high final score figure skaters need quadruple jumps (QJ) with perfect execution. QJ are very difficult and have a high risk of falling. Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify reserves in the flight phase for a safe execution of jumps with more than three rotations. The complete number of turns in the flight phases is necessary to perform a safe landing. Perfect quadruple jumps in different competitions with international participation of 12 world class athletes have been selected for the study and analysed with a 3D kinematic analysis. The primary aim of the study has been to identify reserves for a perfect execution on the basis of moment of inertia. In addition the study aimed at characterizing the movement when preparing the landing movement with only a very short time available for the skater, especially in jumps with more than three turns
UPPER TRUNK-PELVIS AXIAL ROTATION COORDINATION DURING TREADMILL RUNNING
Full text linkThe purpose of our study was to assess the effect of running speed on upper trunk-pelvis coordination of axial rotation during running. A 7-camera Vicon system (120 Hz) was used to capture motions of 20 participants running on a treadmill at three speeds. Upper trunk and pelvis segmental angles were calculated and used in cross-correlation analysis and vector coding methodology to quantify upper trunk-pelvis phase lag and coordination patterns, respectively. Multilevel modeling was used to test running speed effect on those variables. Upper trunk motion preceded pelvic motion and the phase lag increased with running speed. Running speed could also contribute to changes in coordination pattern. Knowledge of upper trunk-pelvis coordination may potentially change our understanding of the roles of axial motions during running
SPRINT STEP-TYPE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC AND KINEMATIC VARIABLES IN SPRINTING ACCELERATION
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometric and the kinematic characteristics during the acceleration phase between stride frequency (SF)-type and stride length (SL)-type sprinters. Seventeen sprinters participated in this study. The maximal 60-m sprints and anthropometric measures were obtained from subjects. Two sprints were recorded by using high-speed cameras. Sprint velocity, SL, SF and their underlying kinematic variables were calculated. Cluster analysis was used to classify the subjects into the SF or SL -type groups (step-type) as indicated by the ratio of the SF and SL at maximum velocity. The SF-type group showed shorter lower limbs length, flight time, lower the height of center of mass at takeoff, smaller swing motion and faster forward rotation of the shank and foot segments than the SL-type group. This study showed the noticeable differences between SFtype and SL-type sprinters were not only in swing motion but also in push-off motion
SWIMMING VELOCITY COMPARISSON BETWEEN ELITE SWIMMING AND TRIATHLON BRAZILIAN ATHLETES
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of elite athletes in velocity modalities swimming and triathlon through Velacqua equipment comparing the kinematic variables that affect the performance of these two modalities in swimming. Participated at this study eight swimmers and eight triathletes, who performed a 25m swimming at maximal speed. The results showed higher VS to swimmers than the triathletes, indicating a higher performance of this group. It is also observed greater values of Vmin, lower CV values and greater LS values indicating that the swimmers are able to maintain more constant velocity, and they do not let the velocity decreases too much during the competition