ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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EFFECT OF SOFT TISSUE ON DISSIPATING ENERGY & REDUCING FORCES
Full text linkDuring impacts the soft tissues of the body move relative to the underlying skeleton and so the rigid body approximation used in most whole body biomechanical analysis can have limitations. Quantifying both the characteristics of the soft tissue motion and then its effects on joint moments and forces, as well as the forces and energy within the soft tissues themselves can be important for a fuller understanding of impact dynamics. During this part of the applied session examples from both modelling and experimental based research will be presented that demonstrate some of the effects soft tissue motion has on the system dynamics
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MONITORING AND AMBULATORY MOVEMENT ANALYIS USING INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS
Full text linkThis applied session will present the technology and methodology based on Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in the context of physical activity monitoring and ambulatory motion analysis. It will also expose projects that have used this technology to monitor or analyse sport activities. During this session, the perspectives but also the issues met when dealing with this technology will also be discussed
IN-FIELD USE OF WEARABLE MAGNETO-INERTIAL SENSORS FOR SPORTS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Full text linkAim: to systematically review the articles using accelerometers, gyroscopes and/or magnetometers to analyse motor tasks of interest in a sport context performed by athletes. Data Sources: Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Sport Discus databases (until May 2014). Study Selection: 130 studies were selected after excluding duplicates and studies dealing with risk of injury, physical activity, and energy expenditure. Data Extraction: Data included characteristics of sport, athletes, sensor spot check, calibration and fixing, experimental setting. Data Synthesis: Magneto-inertial sensors are mainly used in competition or in-field settings, to assess motor capacity or technique of elite athletes. Technical guidelines to better acquire, analyse and interpret data within the limits set by the sensors were provided
Concept and Method of Performance Enhancement for Golfers
Full text linkA good golf swing must have a repeatable swing plane, a stable axis of rotation, and high velocity at the club head. It requires neuromuscular coordination to make a simple swing plane, while increasing angular velocity of the golf dub. Muscle strength is required to mobilize several joints create pelvic rotation (i.e. horizontal plane) while stabilizing other joints. Lack of sufficient joint range of motion causes compensatory movements, resulting in unstable swing plane andfor potential injuries. For example, it requires nearly 180 degrees of neck rotation during a golf swing, which most of amateur golfers do not have. Therefore, a conditioning strategy for golfers must be designed to improve range of motion, muscle function, and neuromuscular coordination
MANIPULATION OF THE KINEMATIC CHAlN USING VISUAL BIOFEEDBACK
Full text linkFeedback has been shown to be an influential component in skill development, yet this has not been assessed in movements involving an explosive proximal to distal sequencing pattern. Novices (n=14) were introduced to a lunge touch task. Visual biofeedback were given on the timing and magnitude of rear leg kinematics. Results showed that those who received feedback adapted their movement patterns by developing extension velocity magnitudes in a summative pattern (pre v post, mean f SD peak ankle angular velocity: biofeedback; 479 * 181 v 889 k 11 7, control; 468 k 106 v 477 f 84 deg.s7), resulting in greater horizontal impulse (mean ? SD: biofeedback; 1.17 ? 0.60 v 1.7 & 0.89, control; 1.33 & 0.33 v 1-48? 0.33 M-s-kg7). The changes were retained after six weeks. These results demonstrate that knowledge of performance based biofeedback interventions alone are effective in developing whole limb contributions in an explosive task
EFFECTIVE BODY POSITIONS FOR ROTATIONS ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS - AN EXAMPLE IN FIGURE SKATING JUMPS
Full text linkFor successful quadruple jumps (QJ) in figure skating an extremely high angular velocity during the flight and a safe and clean landing on one foot are necessary. The moment of inertia (MOI) of the skater is a key factor of the angular velocity in the air. It is important to achieve the smallest MOI as fast as possible and to maintain it as long as possible. In this study seven different flight positions in three different phases of the flight have been identified, namely two positions in the phase from takedff to the closed position, three closed positions in the air and two positions in preparation for landing. Thus a method has been developed to identify individually best flight positions in QJ. Two closed flight positions were found as positions with the smallest M01, both with 17 Oh smaller MOI than the third closed flight position
AN ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC FlTNESS TESTING IN FEMALE JUNIOR TENNIS PLAYERS
Full text linkThe purpose of the present study was to determine the anthropometry, physical fitness parameters and compare with USTA normative data. Seven-teen female teenage tennis players who have the Taiwan national level were included in the study. The analysis focused on the examination of muscular strength, endurance, power flexibility, speed and agility. Results showed that (a) there were excellent performances in grip strength of the nondominant hand (7.8%) and hexagon test (8.1 %) scored well relative to USTA normative data. (b) there were needs improvement performance in sit and reach (0.5%) and spider test (6.7%) relative to USTA. In conclusion, this study indicated the identification of weaknesses in flexibility, speed and agility parameters and allows designing efficient physical training programs
CHARACTERISING SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AERIAL MANOEUVRES IN PROFESSIONAL SURFING COMPETITIONS
Full text linkAlthough aerials are an effective way for a competitive surfer to increase their score during surfing competitions, less than half of aerial attempts are landed successfully during competition. This study aimed to identify which characteristics of performing an aerial during competition were associated with either a successful or unsuccessful landing. Video images of 121 aerials performed during the finals series of the 201 5 World Championship Tour season were qualitatively analysed. The Frontside Air Reverse was found to be the most commonly performed aerial, with critical features of landing, particularly features that improved a surfer\u27s balanced landing position, significantly associated with successful aerials. These results provide evidence upon which coaches can modify a surfer\u27s technique to encourage higher successful aerial completion rates
SEX DIFFERENCES IN RACE PROFILE AND STROKE VARIABLES DURING 200-M SPRINT IN JUNIOR KAYAKERS
Full text linkThe purpose of present study was to examine sex differences in race profile and stroke variables during 200-m sprint in junior kayakers. 200-m race time of the male kayakers showed 11% shorter than the female kayakers. In both groups, significant positive correlations were found between kayak velocity and stroke rate. In the three part of duration (Initial: 0-25m, Middle: 100-125m, Finish: 175-Zoom), male kayakers were faster than female kayakers. Kayak velocity of male kayakers significantly decreased in the finish part from the middle part, while the kayak velocity of female kayakers showed a most constant. In conclusion, these different raw profiles might be explained by physiological differences in the upper body power or anaerobic capacities between males and females
DEVELOPMENT OF THROWING ACCURACY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL HANDBALL PLAYERS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to investigate throwing accuracy in children aged 7-12 belonging to hand ball dub team. Participants were divided into three age groups and performed 30 overhand throws. Three sessions in each of 3 conditions of optimum, accurate, and speed conscious throws to a target 7m from the thrower were examined. Throw Location (TL), Ball Speed and Radial Error (RE) were obtained from each session. The minimum RE was 20.9cm performed by a 12 years old girl in the accuracy conscious session. The significant differences were observed for age groups in all of the three conditions analysed. In age of 11-12, speed-accuracy trade-off was observed. The current data showed distribution of TL became smaller with older age, indicating development of accuracy. The greater development was observed between age 7 to 9 compared to age 9 to 12