ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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CHANGE IN SPATIOTEMPORAL CYCLE VARIABLES & MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING CtASSlC ROLLER SKI DOUBLE POLING TECHNIQUE
Full text linkThe purpose of the study was to assess the effects of distance covered while roller skiing using the double poling technique. Five national team members and college elite cross-country skiers were chosen to participate in this study. EMG system and digital camcorder were used to measure spatiotemporal cycle variables, muscular fatigue, and activation patterns. There were no significant differences on cycle variables. However, the result shows accumulation of fatigue and decrease of muscle activation on triceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles across skiing distance
Comparative Analysis of Lunge Techniques: Forward, Reverse, Walking Lunge
Full text linkThe study aims to find the basis for the efficiency of lunge and risk of injury by comparing mechanical variables in various lunges (forward lunge, reverse lunge, and walking lunge). Four participants who were familiar with the three lunge movements were recruited to achieve the purpose of the study. The resultant hip joint moment, resultant knee joint moment, and resultant knee joint force were analyzed during the three lunge movements. Eight muscle of lower extremity were also analyzed using EMG. In conclusion, reverse lunge movement was found to be favorable in achieving the primary goal of lunge exercise, which is the development of gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris, as it resulted in higher agonist muscle activities with relatively low momentary maximum knee shearing force compared to the other lunge techniques
1* AND 2nd STEP CHARACTERISTICS PROCEEDING THE SPRINT START IN AMPUTEE SPRINTING
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to investigate I* and 2"d stance phase spatio-temporal and ground reaction force (GRF) parameters of four unilateral transtibial amputee (AMP) and nine able-bodied (AB) sprinters. Data were collected using a 3D motion capture system (Vicon, 250 Hz) and two force plates (Kistler 1000 Hz). Aside from flight time (d=0.32) and step width (d=0.60), all spatio-temporal parameters were significantly lower for the AMP compared to the AB athletes for both limbs. Peak horizontal GRF and relative impulse were significantly decreased for the AMP group, while the peak vertical GRFs were significantly decreased for the 1\u27 (affected limb) but increased for the 2"6 step (intact limb), with the relative vertical impulse data being similar. Therefore running prostheses appear to limit the performance of AMP compared with AB sprinters
THREE-DIMENSlONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TAKE-OFF PREPARATORY MOTION IN THE LONG JUMP
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to investigate three-dimensionally how long jumpers move during the take-off preparatory phase and what causes the lateral lean of the body of the touchdown. The subjects were six male university long jumpers. Three-dimensional coordinates and ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected by Vicon cameras and a force platform. The long jumpers placed support foot in the lateral position at L2on and Llon. The take-off foot nearly under the center of mass (COM) in the take-off phase resulted in the inward lean of the take-off leg and the outward lean of the trunk at the instant of touchdown of take-off foot. The lateral lean of the body helped to lower the COM at the touchdown of take-off foot and to use the hip abductors during the t a k e 4 phase
THE EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON KNEE JOINT ANGLE-TORQUE RELATIONSHIP IN ELITE HANDBALL PLAYERS
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks plyometric training program on knee joint angle-toque relationship in elite handball players. A total of 7 male handball players (Age: 22.0 * 4.5 years; Weight: 95.7k12.7; Height: 187.4k4.4 cm) participated in the study. Concentric isokinetic peak torque, angle of peak torque and average power was assessed for the knee extensors and flexors at 1 80°*s-I before and after training program. No significant difference was found at the angle of peak toque values between pre- and post-test (p > 0.05). However difference was detected in peak torque and average power values of knee extensors (p < 0.05). It is concluded that plyometric training is not an effective training modality to alter knee joint angle-toque relationship in elite handball players
PAP EFFECT OF RESISTANCE AND OVERSPEED RUNNING ON KINEMATICS AND SPRINT PERFORMANCE
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to examine if there is a post activation potentiation (PAP) effect of resistance and overspeed sprinting upon kinematics and performance of regular 20m sprints. Fifteen female team handball players performed three training protocols: seven normal 20m sprints, or seven sprints alternating between normal and either resistance or overspeed sprints in a session. The main finding was that only resistance runs had a PAP effect on the first normal 20m sprint. However, this was only the case after one resistance run. Using several resistance runs did not have any positive effect upon the normal runs, but causes probably fatigue as shown in the increased contact times and decreased vertical stiffness, step length and rate. Overspeed running did not cause any changes to the normal runs
DETERMINANTS OF ACCELERATION PERFORMANCE IN ELITE FEMALE SPRINTERS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to explore the determinants of performance in the early acceleration phase (first four meters) in nine elite female sprinters. Acceleration performance was quantified using a modified version of the normalized average horizontal block power. Ground reaction forces were collected using an instrumented starting block and three force plates. In addition, full body kinematics were captured using an optoelectronic motion capture system. The results indicate that a starting technique facilitating a horizontal push-off direction and force application with short contact times is beneficial for starting performance. This might be achieved through a greater forward lean of the body. Previously proposed beneficial effects of an active touchdown of the foot could not be confirmed in the present study
ANALYSIS OF GREENSIDE BUNKER SHOTS IN GOLF
Full text linkThis paper presents an analysis of greenside sand bunker shots in golf to identify the key parameters in a given situation to achieve the desired distance to the pin. Different depths and corresponding entry distances of a down swing were measured in order to analyse the situation. Experiments for taking the required data were conducted in a sand bunker of a golf course. Samples were taken from different golfers whose handicaps are ranging from 5 to 25. Results can be used to train amateur golfers, especially for reaching different distances towards the pin from greenside sand bunkers
CAN FIELD-BASED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEASURES BE USED TO ASSESS THREEDIMENSIONAL LUMBAR INJURY RISK FACTORS IN CRICKET FAST BOWLERS?
Full text linkBayne et al. (201 6) recently established a direct link between lumbar injury incidence and increased 30 measures of thorax lateral flexion, pelvis rotation and hip extension during the cricket fast bowling action. However, the majority of bowlers are not able to avail themselves to 30 biomechanical analysis. Therefore, we set out to ascertain whether it is appropriate to use 20 measures to assess 3D lumbar injury risk factors in fast bowlers. Nineteen fast-medium bowlers were simultaneously recorded by 30 motion capture and 20 video. Results showed that 2D thorax lateral flexion and pelvis rotation at ball release correlate particularly well with the 3D equivalents. The information presented may be practically applied by coaches to improve field-based lumbar injury risk screening processes
THE EFFECT OF THE PLANTAR PLATE ON PLANTAR APONEUROSIS STRAIN: 3D FlNlTE ELEMENT MODELING OF FOOT AND ANKLE
Full text linkExperimental measurements of stresses and strains for the Lower Extremity Injuries (LEI) are invasive, and therefore, predictions require physiologically accurate 3D Finite Element (FE) models of the foot and ankle. Previous FE models of foot and ankle in the literature neglect the function of the plantar plate, and therefore, these models underestimate the Plantar Aponeurosis (PA) strain. In this study the effect and function of the plantar plate on PA strain and other biomechanical parameters of foot and ankle are studied. The Soft Tissue (ST) and PA are analysed as hyperelastic materials supplemented by material sensitivity analysis. The plantar plate Is contributlng towards more accurate prediction of PA strain (1-1.4% at full body weight during balanced standing). Material properties of ST also highly affect the PA strain, and it is a primary feature in validating FE models