ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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TURNING CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON\u27S DISEASE DURING TIMED UP AND GO
Full text linkThis study aimed to investigate turning characteristics of patients with PD, using 3D analysis during the TUG test, to examine associations with the severity of PD. A total of 30 individuals performed the TUG test 10 patients with Hoehn and Yarh stages 2.5 and 3.0 PD (group I), 10 patients with H&Y stage 2.0 PD (group II), and 10 healthy elderly controls. Walking speed; step length; ROM of the hip, knee, and shoulder joint; foot clearance height; were significantly different between PD patients and controls. Step length and foot clearance height were significantly different between group I and group II. In conclusion, the TUG test may be a useful task for identifying turning characteristics of the severity of PO and to differentiate between PO patients and controls
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN SHOULDER ROM AND STRENGTH IN ASSOCIATION WITH BALL-THROWING SPEED IN ELITE YOUTH BASEBALL PITCHERS
No full textThe purpose of this prospective study was to examine the longitudinal changes in shoulder ER ROM and relative IR strength in elite youth baseball pitchers over one year and to determine their associations with changes in ball speed for throwing fastballs. One hundred and five Dutch elite youth baseball pitchers were measured three times over a period of one year. Statistical analyses of the data revealed that changes in ER ROM and relative IR strength were not significantly associated with changes in ball-throwing speed
MORPHOLOGICAL INEQUITIES? NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES IN RUGBY
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to identify cenrical spine morphologies at risk in rugby games. A parameterized osteaarticular finite element model of the cervical spine modeled 17 subjects under three different loadings, each being representative of rugby game phases: scrum (unconstrained axial compression), tackle (full-constraint axial compression) and collapsing scrum (hyperflexion). Stress and strain in the spine were recorded to determine appearances of injuries. The comparison of these injuries with the literature validated the model for injury prediction. A correlation analysis linked parameters of the morphology with the injury prediction and key parameters such as articular facet orientation arose. Precisely identifying all these parameters could help designing preventive clinical guidelines for rugby players
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TRACK START POSITiONS ON HORIZONTAL TAKE-OFF VELOCITY OF WHOLE-SODY CENTER OF MASS IN SWIMMING: A SlMUALTION STUDY
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different track start positions on horizontal take-off velocity of the whole-body center of mass (COM) in swimming. The whole body was modeled as linked rigid-body segments to simulate the track start performance, and a simulation was performce with two different track start positions, with the COM positioned at the rear and low level (RL), and at the front and high level (FH). The results demonstrated that the horizontal take-off velocity was faster for the RL than the FH. The hip joint moments were larger for the RL than the FH on both front and rear legs. Therefore, the COM positioned at the rear and lower level for the track start would contribute to a greater hip joint moment generation, producing a greater horizontal velocity of the COM at take-off
SOFT TISSUE MOVEMENT IN THE LOWER LIMB DURING DROP JUMPS
Full text linkUnderstanding loading on the human body and movement energetics is essential for researchers and practitioners to optimise training and investigate potential mechanisms of injury and adaptation. Recent work has suggested soft tissue movement relative to underlying bones during impact affects not only calculated loading but also metabolic cost. The aim of this study was to quantify the movement of the centre of mass of the soft tissues of the shank during high-impact, drop jump landings from 30 and 45 cm in healthy, adult males, and quantify the work done by these tissues. Soft tissue centre of mass moved by up to 0.038 m in the vertical direction (average: 0.021 m), and the soft tissues performed 2.9-3.5 J of work (4.1-6.4 J absolute work) during the landings. These results may hence have a significant effect on calculated joint torques and movement energetics
THE EFFECTS OF AUGMENTED BIOFEEDBACK ON NOVEL MOTOR-TASK LEARNING
Full text linkBiofeedback has been shown to be an influential part of skill acquisition and performance, however, the use of biofeedback for novice, sports specific skill learning has not been assessed. Non-rowers (n=3) performed a 10-minute, novel-rowing task, where joint and rowing ergometer kinematics recorded. Following six non-instructed, subjective reinforcement sessions, participants completed a further six sessions whilst receiving real-time biofeedback. The results show that all subjects changed their rowing technique, moving towards the pattern prescribed by the biofeedback intervention. The elbow remained in greater extension until later in the pull, which induced changes in the temporal aspects of both knee and lumbar spine kinematics
MECHANICAL WORK CALCULATION METHODS TO EVALUATE DISTANCE RUNNERS
Full text linkThe main purpose of this study was to discuss mechanical work calculation methods for evaluating the effectiveness of running at six different speed. Nineteen male middle and long distance runners were participated in the study, as subjects. Biomechanical measurements were in order to record running motion and ground reaction force. Mechanical work was calculated using two methods: the joint torque power method (WTP) and the mechanical energy method (WME). Physiological measurements were recorded using submaximal and maximal incremental exercise tests on a treadmill. These results were as follows: 1) WTP was significantly larger than WME. 2) WTP/W/TIME was stronger related to velocity and aerobic demands. These findings suggest that regression equation between WTP/W/TIME and velocity evaluate effectiveness of distance runner
EFFECT OF RUNNING SPEED AND SURFACE INCLINATION ON MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING TREADMILL RUNNING BY WOMEN
Full text linkThe current study examined muscle activity of the biceps femoris (BF), semimembranosus (ST), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), lateral gastrocnemius (GL), and medial gastrocnemius (GM) during treadmill running. Female college runners (n=15) ran at speeds of 1.79, 2.24, and 2.68 m·s-1 at 3 different grades of incline (0, 10, and 15%). Right leg Muscle activity was assessed via electromyography and normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results indicated muscle activity increased with speed and grade except for SM which showed only grades of 0 and 15% being different; and that for GL and SM only 2.68 m·s-1 differed from other speeds. Muscles of the posterior thigh (BF and SM) were different from the posterior shank (GL and GM); while anterior thigh muscles (VL and VM) did not differ from the others. There were no differences in medial/lateral aspects
MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS AND MUSCULAR ACTIVITY IN CYCLING ON COBBLESTONES AT RACE PACE – A SINGLE CASE STUDY
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to reveal the best bike configuration, wheels, and tyre pressure for competitive cycling on cobblestones. One former professional cyclist performed 16.75 laps on a cobbled road track (1.55 km). Three accelerometers were mounted on the stem, the seat post and the down tube. sEMG of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum, and thoracolumbar fascia were measured by wireless sensors that measured also soft tissue longitudinal accelerations. The pressure inflated on tubular tyres led to significant differences on effective values of vibrations, each time higher at 5.5 rather than 5 bar. The methods implemented in this study appear to be consistent in revealing the best bike configuration and settings when vibrations are the main elements in races
THREE DIMENSIONAL MUSCULOSKELETAL MODELLING OF THE CHEST PRESS RESISTANCE EXERCISE FOCUSING ON THE BIOMECHANICAL AND ANTHROPOMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS OF THE END-USER
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether three dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal modelling could be effective in assessing the safety and efficacy of exercising on a chest press resistance training machine. Three anthropometric cases were created; these represented a 5th percentile female as well as a 50th and 95th percentile male based on body mass index (BMI). The results indicate that adjustments had to be made to the default model in order to solve the forward dynamics simulations using recorded joint angulations during the inverse dynamics simulations. The anthropometric dimensions of the end-users appeared to be adequately accommodated by the chest press’s engineered or manufactured adjustability. It did not appear as if the exercise put undue strain on the spinal structures when exercised with correct positioning and technique at an appropriate resistance