ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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THE EFFECT Of SHOULDER POSITION DIFFERENCE OF STREAMLINE POSTURE IN COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to investigate the movements of the centers of buoyancy and mass and the change in the distance between the two centers because of the elevation of the shoulder joints. The total length increased by 5.7 em on an average because of the elevation of the shoulder joints. The positions of the center of mass with respect to the heels were 103.4 & 4.0 cm during depression and 104.2 i 4.1 cm during elevation. The center of buoyancy shifted toward the head more during elevation (105.9 i 4.2 cm) than during depression (105.1 * 4.1 em) during neutral buoyancy. Also, the distance between the centers of buoyancy and mass was smaller during elevation (1.60 * 0.20 cm) than during depression (1.66 * 0.21 cm) with 1% significance. This study suggests a possible effect of the shoulder position on maintaining a horizontal position
FORCE-ANGLE CHARACTERISTICS AND LEVEL OF COMPETITIVE REPRESENTATION IN ON-WATER ROWING
Get PDFThe graphical presentation of the propulsive form applied by the oar to the pin, plotted against the oar horizontal angle, has been used as a diagnostic tool for rowing skill. How the pattern is related to variables such as level of competitive has not been well identified. Bivariate functional principal components analysis (bfPCA) was used on form-angle data to identify the main modes of variation in curves representing twenty seven female rowers of two different competition levels (Australian Domestic and Australian International level), rowing at 32 strokes per minute in a single scull boat. Discriminant function analysis showed strong classification of rowers using force-angle graphs across both sides of the boat, with increased rate of force development identified as an important characteristic for international rowers. Additionally for the bow-side, spending less time in the first half of the drive phase was also identified as an important feature for international rowers. The results of this demonstrate that there are potentially some common characteristics of the form-angle that are important for selection in international level sculling boats
EFFECT OF ARCH SUPPORT FOOT ORTHOSIS ON LOWER WTREMIN LOADING AND KINEMATICS DURING THE REBOUND
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine whether arch support foot orthosis was capable of altering lower extremity loading and kinematics during the rebound. Nineteen female Division I basketball players participated in this study. Utilizing a repeated measures design, participants completed two rebound tasks with and without the arch support foot orthosis. Results showed that the selected arch support foot orthosis significantly decreased the peak impact force, knee internal rotation and foot inversion angle at the initial contact of the ground compared to those of the flat insole. It suggested that the use of the arch support foot orthosis can decrease the lower extremity loading and further decrease the risk of ACL injury in female basketball players
EFFECT OF THE TRUNK iNCLlNATiON ON, MECHANICAL ENERGY CHANGE PURING GAIT IN ELDERLY ADULTS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the trunk forward lean during gait in elderly people on effectiveness use of mechanical energy (El). The participants were five healthy elderly and ten healthy young people. The participants walked with the trunk leaning forward at their preferred speed. The gait motion was captured with a VlCON system and the ground reaction forces during stance phase were collected with two Kistler force platforms. The El of the elderly subjects was significantly smaller than the young subjects. The results indicated that the elderly subjects did greater mechanical work by the leg joints to walk at a same speed as young subjects. The lower El was related to a remarkable increase in the negative work at the ankle joints
EFFECT OF FOOT POSITION ON THE COMPRESSION AND LATERAL FORCE PRODUCTION OF A PLAYER IN A RUGBY SCRUM
Get PDFKnowledge of the force production of an individual player with different foot positions, and ultimately of the full pack, will provide coaches and trainers with valuable information in order to improve their team\u27s ability to manipulate the scrum forces and moments as well as making the scrum more stable thereby improving safety. This study aimed to examine the differences in the scrum compression force and lateral force generated by an individual player during the sustained pushing phase of the scrum with parallel and nonparallel foot positions. Nineteen front row rugby players scrummed against an instrumented scrum machine with three different foot positions. The results showed that the parallel foot position produces a higher pushing force than either of the other two nonparallel conditions. It was also shown that the nonparallel conditions produces a greater lateral force than the parallel foot condition with the lateral force being directed towards the side of the front foot.
VICTORY OR DEFEAT- HOW MOVEMENT STRATEGIES DESTINGUISH FAST DIRECTION CHANGES FROM CUTTING MANEUVERS WITH HIGH INJURY RISK
Get PDFCutting maneuvers (CM) are frequently executed in sports. This task is relevant as it is a key ability by team sport players (TSP) but also bears the rlsk d ACL tears. An analysis of the movement strategies (MS) and musculoskeletal loads (MSL) occurring during CMs could reveal factors for efficient CMs and major triggers governing the occurrence of ACL tears. This study investigated the MS and MSL during 90" CMs in 51 subjects with different sex and sportive bacbround to analyze the variety of CM execution. Results indicate that sportive background and sex influences movement execution and MSL. Track and field athletes (TFA) had the same peak velocity as TSP, but produced it during the first step after the turn, whilst TSP kept speed by increased curve leaning. Females show higher knee adduction moments which increases the risk of injuries
Quantified movement test of core muscles for Athletes
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare the different of the core muscles ability between normal subjects and athletes of an assessment consisted of seven movement tests. Nineteen participants were voluntarily recruited in this study and divided into normal subjects (N=9, age=20.2+-0.7 y/o, weight:63.7+-11.7 kg, height:170.9+-6.7 cm) and collegiate athletes (N=10, age=19.9+-1.0 y/o, weight; 72.4+-7.8 kg, height; 172.5+-4.5 cm). The result shows that the path length of plank, bird dog with right-hand raise, bird dog with left-hand raise, right side plank, right bridge, left bridge and area of right bridge, left bridge has significant differences between two groups (Table 1). Athletes exhibit shorter path length and smaller path area in all of these data
COMPARISON OF THREE MOTION ANALYSIS PROGRAMS BASED ON THE SHOT PUT PERFORMANCE
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to compare the results obtained using the three programs: Vicon, OpenSim and AnyBody. The feasibility of the application and of the selection of one of the programs for further analysis of the sport technique was checked. In the experiment herewith, the torque and power as function of time in the joints of the lower limb during the last phase of shot put was computed. Examinations of the kinematic and kinetic parameters of analyzed movement were carried out using Vicon system and Kistler force plates. Three top level national competitors took part in the study. The differences between the torques and power were checked with a modified RMS index. The results obtained indicate that OpenSim program may be useful for further studies, and in particular in controlling and analyzing the neuromusculaskeletal system
MODEL OF CALF MUSCLE TEAR DURING A SIMULATED ECCENT RlC CONT RACTlON. A FEASABILITY STUDY
Get PDFTearing of muscle-tendon complex is one of the main causes of sport injuries. The aim of this study was to combine passive stretching and contraction to model the conditions of such injury, using the discrete element method. The mechanical behavior of the muscle-tendon complex was in agreement with data from the literature and data from in vittu experiments by tensile tests on calf muscle-tendon unit. The localization of the rupture and the pattern of rupture show a delamination of muscle\u27s fibers close to the myotendinous junction during an active stretching of the muscle-tendon complex
ANALYSIS OF PLANTAR SURFACE DATA DURING THE LOADED PHASE OF GAIT ON INCLINED SURFACES
Get PDFHigh accuracy three-dimensional (3D) capture of the plantar surface during gait using video-based 3D image processing technique has recently been developed as part of a project to understand plantar geometry and its relationship to plantar function and shoedesign specifications. Literature review determines that the manner the plantar surface and cross-sectional changes during gait on inclined surfaces have not previously been reported. This paper outlines a 3D surface analysis method developed to examine the plantar surface geometry changes while walking on inclined walking surfaces. The plantar surface capture system has a 3D measurement accuracy of ±0.4 mm. The ICC test (using the subjects’ foot) and four operators results show that the ICC (3, 4) was 0.87 with a lower bound = 0.75 and an upper bound = 0.92