ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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VIDEO MEASUREMENT OF LINEAR DISPLACEMENT ALONG AN OBLIQUE LINE USING THE CROSS-RATIO
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to rediscover the cross-ratio and assess its effectiveness for measuring linear displacement when the image plane is not parallel to the object plane. In the laboratory a fixed, 4m object length was reconstructed with a mean absolute error of 2.6mm (s.d. = 1.6mm, maximum = 4.9mm). In the field, two cameras filmed a fixed, 8m object length with a mean absolute error of 13mm (s.d. = 5mm, maximum = 20mm). The method is very accessible to non-specialists in projective geometry and the results are both valid and reliable
GOLF BIOMECHANICS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE AND THE LUMBAR SPINE
Get PDFGolf is one of the most popular sports in the world today. It offers accessibility to a wide range of ages, physical abilities, and levels of expertise. Novices and experts alike desire maximal performance with the game of golf, and often encounter musculoskeletal injuries in their quest to perform at the highest level possible. The most common injury associated with golf is low back pain. The purpose of this paper is to review the physical conditioning approaches to minimize the incidence and severity of low back pain while maximizing golf performance, present information related to normal lumbar spine mechanics, and discuss the stress imposed upon the lumbar spine from the game of golf
PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION OF NON-CONTACT ACL INJURY: NEW INFORMATION IN RECENT STUDIES
Get PDFAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries in sports. Tremendous efforts have been made to prevent this devastating injury. Recent studies provided new information understanding ACL injury and the prevention and rehabilitation of the injury. Anterior translation of the tibia is the primary mechanism of the injury. Small knee flexion angle in landing tasks is a primary risk factor of the injury. Gender differences in movement patterns are likely due to differences in training and skill levels. New prevention programs need to be developed to improve compliance to prevention programs. Movement patterns may need to be evaluated in actual game conditions
INTRA-LIMB JOINT CONFIGURATION CONTRIBUTIONS TO KNEE JOINT LOADING IN A SIMULATED LANDING TASK
Get PDFCausative insight into the link between important aspects of an athlete’s kinematics and knee joint loading in potentially injurious landings remains limited. The aim of this simulation study was to develop insight into the intra-limb configuration contributions to sagittal plane knee joint loading in drop (0.46m) landings. Notably accentuated (up to a 1.53 N.m.kg-1) peak knee joint extensor moments (Mek) were incurred with increased ankle, knee and hip joint flexion across the landing phase. While the peak Mek was alleviated with reduced ankle and knee joint flexion, a marginal, participant-specific effect was evident with a similarly reduced hip joint flexion. The extended use of customised simulations to understand the unique role of each lower-extremity joint in the kinematic chain was warranted to inform injury prevention strategies
Inter Limb Asymmetry in Athletic Groin Pain and Rugby Union Players
Get PDFThis study compared levels of inter limb asymmetry between field sports players with athletic groin pain (n=15) and international rugby union players (n=15). Three dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded for the single leg drop landing and side cut movement. A series of t-tests identified significantly (
A METHOD COMPARISON OF FORCE PLATFORM AND ACCELEROMETER MEASURES IN JUMPING
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare force calculated using accelerometer data from the SHIMMER device, with force platform data on countermovement and drop jumps. Twelve physically active adults performed 5 counter movement jumps and 5 drop jumps from a height of 0.30 m. An accelerometer was attached near the participant’s centre of mass and simultaneous force and acceleration data were obtained for the jumps. Minimum eccentric force and peak concentric force were calculated concurrently for countermovement jumps and peak landing forces were calculated concurrently for drop jumps. The results showed moderate to poor levels of agreement in forces and a consistent systematic bias between the results from the force platform and accelerometer
BIOMECHANICAL AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF A LEAF SPRING STRUCTURED MIDSOLE IN OVERGROUND RUNNING
Get PDFA leaf spring structured midsole shoe (LEAF) increases stride length and reduces stride rate by a horizontal foot shift during stance phase in heel-toe running and leads to an enhanced economy in treadmill running. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these effects can also be seen in overground running. Ten male runners ran with a LEAF and a standard foam midsole shoe (FOAM) at 2 mmol/l blood lactate. Stride rate and stride length were measured by an inertial measurement unit combined with a 2D video. Running economy was quantified via spirometry. The LEAF revealed a reduction in stride rate (-0.01±0.00Hz;
THE KINEMATIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LEG-SPIN AND OFFSPIN BOWLING TECHNIQUES IN CRICKET
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper was to determine kinematic differences between the off-spin and leg-spin bowling techniques in cricket. The two techniques are often coached similarly; however, a comparative biomechanical analysis of leg-spin and off-spin bowling has not been performed. A 3D Cortex motion analysis system was used to track 52 markers strategically placed on all the major segments of 23 off-spin and 15 leg-spin bowlers of district level. It was found that the two techniques varied in terms of stride length, but other variables which were not previously differentiated in coaching manuals also displayed significant difference. These results highlight potential technique points that will be of benefit when coaching bowlers of each spin direction
AN EXAMINATION OF GROUND REACTION FORCES OF THREE POLE VAULT TAKE-OFF STYLES
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare ground reaction forces of pole vault take-offs when the take-off foot is out, on, and under the top hand hold position. The take-off is regarded as the most important phase of the pole vault yet there is an insufficient amount of research on the ground reaction forces of the pole vault take-off. At this time there is not any scientific research comparing ground reaction forces between take-offs that are out, on and under the top hand hold. A total of 108 jumps with a take-off from a force plate were used for analyses. The jumps were put into categories of out, on and under and analyzed by Accupower and Dartfish software. Separate mixed modal ANOVAs were applied (
INFLUENCE OF BRAIN TYPES ON GOLF SWING COORDINATION
Get PDFVideo analysis was used to evaluate an individual’s segmental coordination during a golf swing and the person’s brain type was classified using a brain typing inventory with 16 categories. Fifteen subjects with markers placed on selected joints, performed 5 golf swings that were videotaped from an antero-posterior axis along the frontal plane at 60 Hz. Three participants having a brain type on each end of the personality spectrum were selected for film analysis. The golf swing coordinate data were analyzed using an Ariel APAS. The time and maximal angular velocities were calculated for selected joints. The order of joint sequencing was determined for the brain types. Subjects who were brain type A (BCIL/INTJ) were fine motor skilled using a multiple joint, core to hand sequencing and those of brain type B/C (FEAR/ESFP) were gross motor skilled and their golf swing went from hand to core