ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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THE WORK AND ACTIVATION OF LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLES IN EXPLAINING INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN RUNNING ECONOMY
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between RE and the neuromechanics of ground contact. Results of biomechanical studies suggest that more economical runners use different neuromuscular strategies during the stance phase of running. Research in our lab revealed significant, positive correlations between metabolic cost and positive work at the hip and ankle, but significant, negative correlations between metabolic cost and positive work at the knee. Studies focusing on RE and muscle activation patterns show contrasting results. Mechanics may suggest straightforward applications to training and coaching, but further study is required in the area of muscle activation
MlSSlE - A NEW METHOD TO ANALYSE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF FIGURE SKATING JUMPS
Get PDFCompetitive figure skaters have to perform triple and quadruple jumps with a high grade of execution. Monitoring flight time and rotational velocity, as the most critical parameters in successful figure skating jumps, objectifies and enhances feedback quality and quantity in the technique training process. 11 figure skaters performed 412 jumps on ice. All jumps were sampled with an inertial measurement system (MISSIE) and filmed with high speed video. With respect to time values of figure skating jump events toe pick, release of glide leg, take off and landing inertial data were manually and software algorithm analysed, and video data were manually analysed. Bland-Altman-Plots document very good performance of MlSSlE concerning raw data and analysis by software algorithm. MlSSlE can be used for figure skating jump analysis and feedback, being superior to traditional video analysis
THE ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECT OF EXPERTISE ON POSTURAL CONTROL IN SHOOTING TASK WITH SAMPLE ENTROPY
Get PDFWe aimed to determine the interdependence between functional and dynamic stability of young basketball players. Eight elite biathlon experts, 15 moderate experienced subjects and 15 novices took part in the experiment. The postural sway and complexity of COP signal and its decomposed trajectories were measured using force plate. Results indicate that highly trained group of elite biathlon athletes was characterized by decreased values describing body sway and increased value of Sample Entropy during quiet stance. However, that situation was changed during maintaining a shooting position and during aiming at the target. These results lead to the conclusion that Sample Entropy could be used to estimate the attentional involvement in postural control according to skill development in sport performance
Three-dimensional motion of shoulder complex during front crawl swimming
Get PDFThe purposes of the study were to describe glenohumeral joint motion during front crawl swimming and to determine if the glenohumeral joint motion could be predicted by the humero-thoracic motion using linear regression model. Fourteen swimmers were asked to perform a resisted front crawl swimming. Three-dimensional motions of shoulder complex were measured with an electromagnetic tracking devise. The results showed that humerus and scapula did not move in a set ratio during front crawl swimming and the glenohumeral joint motion could not be predicted accurately from the humero-thoracic motion. A characteristic movement pattern was observed in the catch phase in which the humerus moved caudally behind the scapular plane while moving in front of the torso. This movement pattern may facilitate internal rotation of the shoulder to execute the catch and pull vigorously
COMPARISONS OF SPATIOTEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF 100-M SPRINT AMONG ELITE-, SUB-ELITE AND NON-ELITE AMPUTEE SPRINTERS
Get PDFWe investigated differences of the spatiotemporal parameters in a 100-m sprint among elite, sub-elite, and non-elite sprinters with a unilateral transtibial amputation. Using publicly available Internet broadcasts, we analyzed 125, 19, and 33 records from 30 elite, 12 sub-elite, and 22 non-elite sprinters, respectively. Average speed, step frequency, and step length were calculated Average speed was greatest in elite sprinters, followed by the sub-elite and non-elite groups. Although there was no significant differences in average step frequency, the average step length was longest in elite sprinters, followed by the sub-elite and non-elite groups. These results suggest that the differences in sprint performance between the three groups is mainly due to the average step length rather than step frequency
CHANGE IN THE OVERARM THROWING TECHNIQUE DUE TO PRACTICE IN JAPANESE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL GIRLS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the change in performance and technique of the overarm throwing in elementary school girls through a practice using the standard motion model. Fifteen girls from sixth grade were participated in three sessions: videotaping sessions at the pre- and post-practice and practice session. The throwing motions were videotaped with two high-speed cameras and analysed threedimensionally. Through the practice using the standard motion model as a referen-, throwing distance and ball velocity significantly improved. The trunk forward rotation became similar to that of standard motion model and the mechanical work in the throwing arm increased after the practice. The results indicated that the use of standard motion model was useful to improve the throwing motion as well as throwing performance in elementary school girls
MOVEMENT VARIABILITY IN RUGBY UNION PUNT KICKING
No full textThe purpose of this study is to look at the differences in Rugby Union punt kicking kinematics as well as the variability of movement patterns between two different skill levels. Three dimensional data (500 Hz) were collected during punt kicks for maximum velocity performed by 12 semi-professional Rugby Union players and 12 male recreational kicking sport athletes. The normalised root mean square values were used to determine intra-individual movement variability. Results showed that the semi-professional kickers had greater range of motion (ROM) at the pelvis and knee than the recreational group. The recreational group showed less movement variability than the semi-professional however, it was not significant. The higher movement variability shown by the semi-professionals combined with the greater (ROM) shows a higher level of functional movement variability
KINEMATIC RELEVANCE OF SHORT APPROACH JUMPS AS A TRAINING TOOL FOR COMPETITION LONG JUMPING
Get PDFTraining for the long jump involves short approach jumps which are often assumed to replicate full approach jump take-0%. The aim of this study was to compare directly the kinematics of short and full approach jumps. One elite female long jumper completed seven 10 step approach jumps during one training session, and five full approach jumps in an international competition. Video from a fixed camera was digitised and kinematic variables for the final touchdown calculated. Approach run step kinematics were obtained from a panning camera. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were identified in approach step characteristics and in horizontal velocity, but none were found in vertical velocity generated. Results indicate short approach jumps are a useful tool for generation of vertical velocity but do not directly replicate full approach jumps in approach or take off
KINEMATICS OF LOW, MIDDLE AND HIGH VOLLEY KICKING IN SOCCER
Get PDFThe present aimed to clarify the three dimensional kinematics of soccer volley kicking, and to demonstrate how players change their motion to balls in varied heights. Fifteen experienced male university soccer players were participated. To mimic the situation of the volley kicking, the ball was set on paper pipes with different heights (25 cm, 50 cm and 75 cm). Thought a comparison with normal instep kicking, the volley kicking motion was characterized: 1) significantly smaller knee joint angle, 2) significantly larger hip joint axial rotation, 3) significantly larger trunk lean angle and 4) significantly larger pelvis horizontal rotation. These motions were emphasized systematically with the increase of ball heights. It can be interpreted that these characteristic motions enable players to adjust their volley kicking motion to varied ball heights
THE EFFECT OF STANCE WIDTH AND ANGLE ON THE ROTATIONAL RANGE OF MOTION OF PELVIS AND TRUNK
Get PDF[Background] In golf, snowboarding, etc., the distance between both feet (stance width), the angle of the foot (stance angle) are considered as an important factor for its performance. Those position of the legs (stance) are the empirically coached in the sports field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of stance width and angles on the trunk range of motion and the laterality of the load. [Methods] Eleven healthy males participated as subjects in this study. To measure the maximum trunk rotational range of motion in the posture in which the standing to straightened the leg. In the experimental setting, the stance width was set to 42cm, 52cm wide and the stance angle was varied 5 conditions; the central angle (Odeg), the central angle+-15deg and +-30deg. The central angle was defined as the average of the maximum internal- and external-rotation of hip joint in a static standing. Measurement was used an optical motion capture and the force plate, including 12 units infrared camera. The local coordinate systems were set in the spine (TI, T4, T7, and L1)I). [Result] In the stance angle -30deg, the rotational range of motion of the pelvis and trunk decreased significantly in the stance width 42cm compared to the stance angle Odeg. Effect due to the difference in the stance was not observed. SI (Symmetry Index) of the load increased on the rotation side in accordance with the stance angle increased. The load on the leg of the rotational side in the stance angle +30deg was significantly greater than that in the stance angle -30deg. [Conclusion] It was suggested that the difference in the stance angle changed the trunk rotational range of motion in a static standing