ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF A PERCEPTUAL-COGNITIVE TASK ON LANDING BIOMECHANICS OF THE LOWER LIMB
Full text linkThe majority of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur without player contact following a movement such as a landing or change of direction. Much attention has been focused on muscle strengthening to delay the biomechanical effects of muscle fatigue reduce the risk of injury. However, recent studies have indicated there may be a link between cognitive factors and non-contact ACL injuries. In this study, kinematic data was acquired from seven athletes who performed jumping and landing trials. Half of the trials performed while tracking multiple virtual objects in a 3D volume, meant to simulate a game-situation cognitive load. For all participants, significant differences were observed for several angles. Increased knee abduction, which is known to increase strain on the ACL, was observed in 4 of 7 participants
THE EFFECTS OF A DOUBLE BREAST MASTECTOMY ON UPPER BODY POSITION DURING SIMULATED HORSEBACK RIDING: A CASE STUDY
Full text linkThe aim of this case study was to investigate the effect of a prophylactic double breast mastectomy on upper body position during simulated horseback riding. One participant (age 41 years; height: 1.8 m; mass 90 kg), an advanced dressage rider, volunteered to be tested pre- and post-surgery (112 days apart). A digital camera (50 Hz) collected kinematic data from the upper body during simulated trotting and cantering. Trunk and elbow angles (°) and vertical displacement (mm) of the hip, shoulder, elbow and wrist were analysed over four stride cycles and compared between the pre- and post-surgery testing sessions. Results suggest that there was greater trunk and elbow extension and a decrease in vertical excursion of the upper body post-surgery, which could affect performance in dressage. This information may aid rehabilitation in horse riders who have undergone breast mastectomy surgery
FOOT STRIKE PATTERNS IN RUNNERS WEARING FLOATING HEEL, MINIMILIST AND CONVENTIONAL FOOTWEAR
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was investigate the vertical loading rate and footstrike angles when running in floating heel shoes (a new concept called FBR (Faster and Better Runners) compared to conventional and minimalist shoes. Footstrike angle and force data were collected from 15 male recreational runners as they ran in three different footwear conditions, floating heel, conventional and minimalist shoes. Results revealed that running in floating heel shoes promotes a non-rearfoot strike and results in reduced vertical loafing rates compared to both conventional and minimalist footwear. These findings suggest that floating heel shoes may offer a new way of running with a nonrearfoot strike without the risk of impact related injuries
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF PEDAL FORCE IN CYCLING
Full text linkA device was developed to be mounted between a cycling shoe and cleat with the ability to measure force perpendicular to the pedal. The device consists of a PolyPower force sensor placed in between two aluminium plates connected by three bolts. Furthermore, a mechanism allowing pulling forces to be measured is explained. The device was comparable to a golden standard when pushed upon, but did not provide valid measurements of pulling forces. In order to function as a valid and reliable power meter or a device capable of measuring pedal forces, the sensor´s recovery rate should be improved along with the pulling mechanism of the device while angular sensors could be added for assessment of pedal kinematics
A WEARABLE FOOT MOTION TRACKING SENSOR FOR OUTDOOR RUNNING
Full text linkThroughout human history, running has evolved from a form of locomotion to a recreation or competitive pursuit. The purpose of this project was to develop a foot motion tracking sensor using inertial measurement unit (IMU) to determine the running kinematics of the ankles of individuals under different external or physical conditions such as change in directions, running on slopes or level ground or fatigue. These results may be helpful in providing a real-time quantitative data, which will be useful for runners to monitor their training programs and routes. The preliminary results showed that the system can detect ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion across different route condition, where these results can be used for further analysis such as designing a training program and monitoring the fatigue level
LOWER LIMB MOVEMENT VARIABILITY DURING RUGBY UNION PLACE KICKING
Full text linkPlace kicking accuracy has a significant impact rugby match outcomes. This project investigated the variability of the kicking leg kinematics and the consistency on the stance and kicking foot positions at ball contact in a group of seven highly proficiency kickers. Kinematic data were collected using a high speed motion capture system (500 Hz) during six simulated attempts on goal. Movement variability was assessed using Normalised Root Mean Square of the swing leg pelvis, hip and knee kinematics, and the standard deviation of the stance foot at opposite plant and kicking foot at ball contact (BC). Results suggest a strong relationship between stance foot placement, swing leg movement variability and the orientation of the kicking foot at BC. This pilot study highlighted the importance of movement variability in determining consistent foot placement at BC in place kicking
SEGMENTAL ASYMMETRY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LOWER LIMB STRENGTH AND RANGE OF MOTION IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between range of motion, strength and limb alignment in young soccer players. Forty-seven young soccer players were evaluated for limb alignment with photogrammetry. Isometric strength was assessed with a strain gauge during leg curl and leg extension. Flexibility was measured using goniometry. Association between segmental asymmetry and strength were nonsignificant (-0.2
HOW IMPORTANT IS PERCEPTION-ACTION COUPLING IN THE TENNIS SERVE?
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to examine how removing visual feedback affects ball and racket kinematics in the tennis serve. A 10-camera 500 Hz VICON MX motion analysis system recorded the service actions of 8 elite junior players as they performed three serves with eyes open and three serves with eyes closed. Removal of vision resulted in considerable differences in both racket and ball kinematics, and the interaction between the two. The results highlight that the service action is not pre-programmed, and that visual feedback is critical to the temporospatial regulation of the service action. These findings suggest that coaches need to be aware of the implications of removing perception-action couplings, and ensure that the drills that they prescribe represent the action being trained
TRANSITIONING FROM ROAD RUNNING TO TRAIL RUNNING
Full text linkThe purpose of this experiment was to discover possible biomechanical differences in running gait, foot-strike patterns, and ground reaction forces between running over uneven terrain (i.e., a trail) and smooth terrain (i.e., road). Participants ran repeatedly over an artificial, rough trail and a smooth, smooth section. Video analysis was used to determine any differences in gait and foot-strike patterns. A force platform was used to determine ground reaction forces. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant difference in gait or ground reaction forces, while a Chi-Squared analysis revealed significantly more forefoot strikes while running over uneven, rough terrain
TECHNIQUE COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE HAMMER THROWERS
Full text linkDistinct anthropometric differences occur between the sexes throwing the hammer that affect technique. No literature statistically compares the differences between male and female hammer throwers. The aim of this study was to determine the hammer throwing technique differences occurring between genders. The performances of 16 male and female throwers at the 2003 World Athletic Final and 13 male and female throwers from the 2003 USA Track and Field Nationals were examined. The best throw of each athlete was digitized and analyzed using the Peak Motus 8.2 motion analysis system. Results revealed that athlete mass, athlete height, velocity at release, timing components, and centripetal force were different between sexes