ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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THE INTERFACE BETWEEN CLINICAL AND PERFORMANCE RELATED BIOMECHANICS – AN EMERGING RESEARCHER’S JOURNEY
Get PDFThe presentation will describe the journey my career has taken so far, using three main themes, which have been selected to reflect my experience to date. The examples demonstrate how sports biomechanics can contribute towards developing new knowledge in a multidisciplinary setting with specific reference to the interface between clinical practice and performance related biomechanics. The three main themes will include: Clinical Biomechanics (ACL injury), Adapted Performance (Amputee Sprinting), and Environmental Interaction (Artificial Turf). The initial theme Clinical Biomechanics, emerges from my work at the University of Salzburg, exploring ACL-injury and a conservative treatment (RegentK), where acute effects of ACL-injury on gait and lower limb impacts will be discussed. The second theme will examine the contemporary aspect of Adapted Performance, specifically the use of blades in amputee sprinting during the sprint start; this example draws on a successful collaboration with the German Sports University Cologne, Germany and the Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Met, UK. The final theme, Environmental Interaction, investigates the use of artificial turf in soccer and rugby. I will discuss my work as a Research Officer on the FIFA, IRB, and Cardiff School of Sport project. This research employed an interdisciplinary approach to address the question of perception (psychology) and performance (biomechanics) on the introduction of artificial turf. Finally, I will draw some global conclusions regarding my research experience to date and will present perspectives for the future
IDENTIFYING RELEASE FOR HIGH BAR SKILLS
Get PDFThe release from the high bar for both dismounts and release re-grasp skills is a compulsory part of any high bar routine. Despite the importance of the instant of release there is no definitive scientific method to identify this instant in high bar gymnastics. Various methods of release definitions were compared using automatic motion analysis (200Hz), visual images (200Hz) and bar force (1000Hz). A single elite gymnast performed 5 dismounts and 5 Tkachevs. Differences between bar force derivatives and motion analysis suggest the approach taken can influence the key release parameters. Differences between skills also highlights that a global release definition may not be appropriate and further research should consider skill specific definitions of release from the bar
ESTIMATING LUMBAR SPINE LOADING DURING VOLLEYBALL SPECIFIC MOVEMENTS USING 3D MODELING
Get PDFVolleyball has a high prevalence of back pain resulting from degenerated intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine. Therefore knowledge about volleyball specific spine loading and its direction is very important. In this study a method is introduced to calculate spine forces in volleyball specific situations also accounting for muscle forces. Two players performed volleyball specific movements in a laboratory environment. Kinematic data were captured by an infrared camera system. An inverse dynamic model was used to calculate spine forces in all three movement planes. Results indicate that the spike has the highest loading. However, peak loading was recognized in phases of takeoff and landing. The presented method was found to be adequate and might be used for further research to get a more comprehensive insight into the topic
EFFECT OF NONCIRCULAR O-SYMETRIC CHAINRING ON MUSCULAR ACTIVATION DURING STEADY-STATE PEDALLING
Get PDFThe purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the surface EMG level activity of seven muscles (gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis and soleus) while pedalling with circular and noncircular ring (OSymetric). Five cyclists rode at 2 power output levels (150 - 200 W) and 3 different pedalling cadences (70 – 90 – 110 rpm) on SRM ergotrainer. Unlike the other muscles, gluteus maximus and vastus medialis were more recruited while pedalling with OSymetric ring (~5-15%) only at the lowest cadence (70 rpm). These neuromuscular behaviours might be related to the increase in time of the power crank sector induced by the O-Symetric design. However, this substantial advantage didn’t appear as benefical for higher crank velocities, probably due to muscle activation-deactivation dynamics
THE INFLUENCE OF MUSCULAR ACTIVATION PROFILES ON LOWER LIMB BIOMECHANICS DURING A SPORT-SPECIFIC LANDING TASK
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify the muscular activation profiles utilised by female athletes during a sport-specific landing task, and examine the effects of varying profiles on biomechanical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors. Muscular activation profiles were identified from electromyography data using a combination of principal component and cluster analysis methods, with the neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics of profiles compared. Various muscular activation characteristics contributed to the presence of lower limb biomechanical patterns consistent with ACL injury risk factors. Reduction of ACL injury risk may be achieved by targeting these muscular activation characteristics via neuromuscular training programs
CHANGE IN MUSCLE ACITIVITY DURING SKIING USING 2 SIMULATORS
Get PDFThis research analyzed the change in lower muscle activity during skiing using two simulators. Participants in this study were 8 male adults who held a certificate issued by the Korea Ski Instructors Association. Kinematic factors when skiing on two types of simulators were compared and analyzed. Most subjects maintained a higher value of %MVIC while repeating the positions on the Pro Ski Simulator than Skiers Edge. Efficient skiing on ski-simulators requires the maximum use of skiing time on each foot and the ability to quickly flex and extend the hip and the knee joints. Furthermore, differences between individuals exist depending on the level of ski technique and the type of simulator and it is believed that the development of an additional adjustment apparatus in the existing equipment is necessary to enable safe and effective motions
LEG STIFFNESS ASYMMETRY DURING RUNNING IN HIGH LEVEL FEMALE TRACK ATHLETES
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to assess potential leg stiffness asymmetry in female track athletes during race-paced running. Sixteen high level female athletes from two different event groups (sprints and endurance) completed six to ten 55 m runs. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to calculate dominant and non-dominant limb leg stiffness measures which were subsequently used to identify potential leg stiffness asymmetry. Results indicated a low-moderate prevalence of leg stiffness asymmetry among endurance runners (29%) however a greater percentage of athletes with leg stiffness asymmetry were identified in the sprints group (66 %). Leg stiffness asymmetries among sprinters may place these athletes at increased injury risk and regular monitoring of athletes for early injury risk identification may b
SPINAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING DIFFERENT RUGBY SCRUM ENGAGEMENT PROCEDURES
Get PDFBiomechanical studies of rugby union scrummaging have focussed on kinetic and kinematic analyses, whilst muscle activation strategies employed by front row players during scrummaging are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius and erector spinae muscles during machine and live scrums. Nine male front-row forwards scrummaged individually against a scrum machine under „crouch-touch-set? and „crouch-bind-set? conditions, and against a two-player opposition in a simulated live condition. Results suggest that the pre-bind technique, may effectively prepare the cervical spine by stiffening joints before the impact phase. Additionally, machine scrummaging does not replicate the muscular demands of live scrummaging for the erector spinae
THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF THE PREVENT INJURY ENHANCE PERFORMANCE PROGRAMME (PEP) ON ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY RISK FACTORS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects the prevent injury enhance performance programme (PEP) had on lower extremity biomechanics in relation to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) risk factors compared to when it was not performed. 8 healthy males were required to perform a number of drop rebound jumps as a task that mimicked the sudden deceleration seen during ACL injuries. The PEP significantly (
INFLUENCE OF PLAYING SURFACE ON KNEE LOADS DURING RUNNING, SIDESTEP CUTTING AND DROP JUMPING
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of 3 different playing surfaces on knee load during sport tasks. 15 young skilled rugby players (17-19 year old) performed running, sidestep cutting and drop jumping tasks on 3 different tracks; i.e. a natural turf, an artificial turf and an hybrid turf (natural grass rooted in artificial rootzone). Kinematic analysis and inverse dynamic methods were applied to assess the knee loads during these exercises. A special attention was paid to knee valgus and internal rotation moments related to ACL injury risk. Results showed that moment of knee valgus during running and sidestep cutting were significantly higher on artificial turf compared with natural ones (3.73 ± 1.13 vs. 1.98 ±. 0.83 N.m.kg-1). In the same way, internal rotation moments in sidestep cutting displayed higher values on artificial track than natural grass (2.97 ± 1.21 vs. 2.51 ±. 1.15 N.m.kg-1). Furthermore, hybrid turf exhibited the lowest knee moments except for the running task. In conclusion, the type of the playing surface play an important role in knee loads related to ACL injury risk