ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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EVALUATION OF TACKLING BIOMECHANICS IN RUGBY: VIDEO INCIDENT ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
Get PDFThis study consisted of a video incident analysis of rugby tackles leading to spinal injuries, where players’ behaviours and observed loading mechanisms were coded for each incident. The key features of these events were summarised, revealing the role of highspeed impacts, illegal tackles, and poor tackle technique in injury-causing tackles. In addition, lateral bending moments and lateral flexion movements were more prevalent than suggested by previous research. This investigation informed an experimental protocol for the analysis of simulated rugby tackles, with the final goal to obtain measures of cervical spine biomechanics during tackles. Data captured from this protocol could also be input into a full-body musculoskeletal model to provide descriptions of internal cervical spine loading in different tackle event scenarios
ILIOTIBIAL BAND STRAIN DURING TWO RUNNING SPEED CONDITIONS FOCUSED ON THE HIP JOINT ANGLE
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to mitigate Iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome injury by understanding how much stress runners’ knees experience as running speed is varied. Subjects included 10 uninjured university male long-distance runners. Subjects ran under two conditions: high speed (18.0 km/h) and low speed (14.4 km/h). ITB strain was calculated by Opensim model during the stance phase. ITB strain at sliding before foot release phase were 1.44±0.61% in high-speed condition and 2.22±1.10% in low-speed condition and low-speed condition was higher than high-speed condition (p < 0.05). ITB strain was higher sliding before foot release than sliding after foot contact (p < 0.05). We have proven that ITB strain increases and pain occurs during the latter half of the standing phase compared to the initial half when ground impact occurs
OPEN-SOURCE VIDEO PLAYERS FOR COACHES AND SPORT SCIENTISTS
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to introduce free open-source software (OSS) and identify the tasks associated with video-supported coaching, rehabilitation and scholarly activities. The usability and functional requirements of the candidate OSS have been established by user participation in field studies and by the consensus of literature, on- and off-line discussion groups, and collaboration with coaches and the scientific community over the past decade. The critical analysis focused on functionality, ‘use cases’, ‘user goals’, environmental constraints, and covered relative performance testing using various collected media formats. Instructional guidelines and insights for the target audience were aligned with the use of OSS SMPlayer and VLC media player. Future developments are aimed at external playlist customisation, tablet and distributed video delivery
EFFECT OF THONG STYLE FLIP-FLOPS AND SUPPORTIVE SHOES ON CHILDRENS BAREFOOT SIDESTEP KINEMATICS
Get PDFThongs and supportive have been shown to alter children’s barefoot motion. However, the effect of thongs on other types of activities such as sidestepping are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect thong style flip-flops and supportive have on childrens knee and foot motion during a jogging sidestep task when compared to barefoot. Eleven healthy children with no foot deformity (aged 8 to 13 years) were recruited. Motion and force capture was used to record knee and multisegment foot motion. Motion adaptations while thongs were worn were restricted to the hallux and while supportive were worn, occurred with knee, midfoot and hallux motion. All footwear conditions increased ankle inversion magnitude. Thongs had less effect on children’s barefoot sidestep motion than supportive shoes
USING INERTIAL SENSORS FOR RECONSTRUCTING 3D FULL-BODY MOVEMENT IN SPORTS – POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF ALPINE SKI RACING
Get PDFThe present study investigates if inertial sensors could be used for reconstructing 3D full body movements in sports. On the example of alpine ski racing, it was demonstrated that inertial sensors allow computing meaningful parameters related to a skier’s overall posture. While some parameters were obtained with sufficient accuracy and precision, others were not obtained reliably using inertial sensor-based systems. Main error sources were discussed and it was found that an accurate and precise functional calibration is most important for short duration measurements. In cases where it is not possible fixing inertial sensors to all relevant body segments (e.g. skis and arms) their orientations could be estimated. In this case parameter validity needs to be carefully verified, as even strongly related parameters may show different validities, as demonstrated in this study
EFFECTS OF FOOTWEAR AND RUNNING SPEED ON FOOT KINEMATICS IN THE FRONTAL PLANE
Get PDFExcessive foot motion and increased running speed are frequently discussed as injury inducing factors in runners. We assessed foot kinematics using an inertial measurement unit while subjects ran at different running speeds wearing varying shoes. 20 male runners ran at 2.9, 3.5, 4.2 m/s wearing an all-purpose shoe (NS) and two differently configured running shoes: high arch support, wedges, soft damping (Con1) and low arch support, no wedges, hard damping (Con2). Maximum pronation velocity was higher when running in NS than in Con1 (p = 0.03) and when running at higher speeds (p < 0.01). Subjects showed increased ROM when wearing NS compared to Con1 (p < 0.01) or Con2 (p = 0.04) and at higher speeds (p < 0.01). As shoe variations and running speed led to changed kinematics, these parameters should be considered when investigating biomechanical parameters
AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT POLE VAULTING POLE LOAD-DEFORMATION TESTING REGIMES
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine whether differences in the pole elastic energy characterisation were evident between quasi-static and dynamic load-deformation testing on pole vault poles. A total of 12 pole vault poles were tested from three different manufacturers, who each utilise different materials within their pole construction processes. A quasi-static and a dynamic pole bending test was performed on each pole utilising a custom built rig. A 3D load cell was positioned in series with the rig to obtain the forces required to develop a load-deformation curve for each trial. The results of the bending trials demonstrate a noticeable difference in the load-deformation curves obtained via the two methods, most notably regarding the degree of hysteresis between the loading and unloading phases and the resultant elastic potential energy calculations
THE INFLUENCE OF HEEL HEIGHT ON ANKLE KINEMATICS DURING STANDING, WALKING, JOGGING AND SIDESTEPPING IN CHILDREN
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to quantify the effects of heel-forefoot height on ankle kinematics during locomotion in children. Measurements were taken by a motion capture system and a force plate on five children. They were asked to perform standing, walking, jogging and sidestepping in barefoot, low heel, standard heel and high heel shoe conditions. Results showed that rearfoot plantarflexion angle was different from shoe rake during standing. There was more ankle plantarflexion as heel height increased during walking, jogging and sidestepping. Ankle inversion velocity increased with shod condition but not significantly. High heel height will affect ankle kinematics during locomotion, which may increase the risk of foot problems. Children and their parents should choose footwear with caution
EFFECTS OF CUTTING WEIGHT VIA SAUNA ON FORCE PRODUCTION AND RATE OF FORCE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE OLYMPIC SNATCH PULL
Get PDFThis study examined the effects of cutting weight on ground reaction force (GRF), rate of force development (RFD) for the snatch pull. Vertical jump (VJ) was also tested compared to normal conditions. Olympic male weightlifters (n=7) used sauna and food/water restrictions (SW) to achieve 1-2% body mass loss. Snatch pull peak vertical GRF, RFD and VJ height after SW didn’t differ from control pulls (p >0.05). Mean (±SD) GRF for control = 2405 ± 381 N; while after cutting weight and sauna = 2241 ± 404 N. VJ control after pulls mean = 56.0 ± 9.7 cm. Vertical jump on the weight cut day after pulls mean = 58.0 ± 9.2 cm. GRF decreased by 12.7% and VJ increased by 3.4% after weight cutting compared to control; however, these performance variables were not significantly different from the control condition (p > 0.05)
A FENCING KINEMATIC ANALYSIS BASED ON COACH’S CRITERIA
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify, based on coach\u27s criteria, upper body and center of mass kinematic variables that lead to a good performance in epee fencing. We used an Optitrack motion capture system to evaluate one skilled amateur fencing athlete performing a lunge in the presence or not of a static opponent. In the presence of a static opponent (target), the individual developed a lower centre of mass forward velocity, a higher epee’s tip forward velocity and improved synchronization between the upper and the lower limbs. The best-performed trials according to coach criteria showed differences in the elbow movement in both the armed and unarmed arm compared to the other trials. Our results highlights the importance of the unarmed arm to lunge performance and corroborate the idea that training with and without the use of a target improve different motor abilities