ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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RELIABILITY OF KINETIC VARIABLES OF SQUAT JUMPS WITH DIFFERENT STARTING POSITIONS AFTER CRITERION BASED FAMILIARIZATION
Full text linkThe aim of this study were the verification of criterion based familiarization by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and the identification of possible differences of performance and dynamic variables at squat positions with 90o (SJ90 o) and 120o (SJ120 o) of knee angle. Fifteen male junior volleyball players performed three randomly performed jumps with maximal intensity from each squat position. SJ90 o results in lower peak force and higher vertical impulse, impulse duration and time for peak force than SJ120 o. ICC and SEM show that familiarization that consisted of three series of 5 jumps for each squat position with 1 minute of rest between the jumps, is sufficient to ensure adequate test conditions
EFFECT OF PREVIOUS HAMSTRING INJURY AND LIMB DOMINANCE ON KICKING BIOMECHANICS IN ELITE FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS
Full text linkThe hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries occurring in soccer. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a previous hamstring injury and limb dominance on the kicking pattern of elite female soccer players. 14 players belonging to a top first division soccer team volunteered to take part in the study. They were asked about their injury history and leg dominance in a questionnaire, and they performed 5 instep soccer kicks with either limb into a target 7m away. The results showed that limb dominance had no effect on the kicking pattern in elite players. Significant differences were found in the maximum hip angular velocity while kicking with a previously injured limb as compared to a previously uninjured limb. This indicates that rehabilitation programs probably should treat the injury differently in female soccer players
LANDING PATTERNS AFTER BLOCK IN VOLLEYBALL: APLICATION FOR ACL INJURY
Full text linkThe aim of the present study was to describe landing patterns during initial phase (0-30° knee flexion) of “go” landing after block in volleyball. Nineteen elite female volleyball players served as participants in this study. Eight infrared cameras and two force platforms were employed to collect the kinematic and kinetic data. The players used four different landing patterns during initial phase of the “go” landing after block. The players landed with different knee angle positions at initial contact depending on landing pattern. Results of the current study generally suggest that players may protect the ACL during the initial phase of landing by decreasing knee frontal plane angle and moment in direction from valgus to varus position
COMPARISON OF TWO PEDALING SENSORS, ICRANKSET AND SRM, AGAINST A STANDARD REFERENCE SENSOR
Full text linkOur aim was i) to validate the I-Crankset sensor (I-CS) with a reference torque sensor (RTSL) for the calculation of crankset torque, power and work outputs and ii) to compare I-CS with the SRM sensor, a popular device. SRM and I-CS sensors were mounted simultaneously on a test bench instrumented with the RTSL used to validate I-CS. The protocol included multiple sets of 30 pedaling cycles in three conditions to explore various solicitations. Torque magnitudes, angular velocity and power output were compared using the coefficient of multiple correlation inter-protocol. The results showed a good validity of both the I-CS and SRM for all the conditions in comparison to RTSL for torque’s measurements and power’s calculations, even if an average angular velocity is used by SRM. But this one showed its limitations when calculating the work output
CROSS-SHAPING – THE MORE EFFECTIVE NORDIC WALKING? RESULTS OF A BIOMECHANICAL FIELD STUDY
Full text linkCross-shaping is a new developed kind of nordic walking. The main difference between nordic walking and cross-shaping is the use of special sticks with forearm shells and wheels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the health effects of cross-shaping and to compare the results with own previous studies of nordic walking. Results clearly show positive health effects from cross-shaping, which are more extensive than in walking and nordic walking. Cross-shaping is harmonious similar to cross-country skiing in classic style. Push off is more effective than in nordic walking. Upper body is more erected and spine is relieved and mobilized effectively. Large parts of muscles of the upper and lower extremities were physiologically trained effective. Positive effects on the cardiovascular system are increased considerably compared to walking and nordic walking
DEVELOPMENT OF A WEARABLE GAIT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR RACEHORSES
Full text linkBiomechanical analysis of racehorses is important in quantifying and maintaining performance. Early detection of lameness is crucial to ensure the wellbeing and proper rehabilitation of horses, and to prevent exacerbation of the condition. The purpose of this study was to develop a limb-mounted portable wireless sensor system to investigate equine biomechanics and detect the presence of lameness in racehorses based on the lower limb kinematics. The preliminary results showed that the system can detect trotting gait cycles accurately and the lame racehorse showed a reduction in hoof flexion and extension as compared to normal racehorse
THE EFFECTS OF KNEE TAPING TECHNIQUES ON LOWER EXTREMITY KINEMATICS DURING RUNNING
Full text linkThe purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of gender, speed, and tape on 2D lower extremity kinematics and stride characteristics during running. Eight healthy runners participated. Taping interventions (Leukotape, Kinesio Tape, no tape) and speeds (2.35 m/s, 3.35 m/s) were randomized and lower extremity stride kinematics were obtained using the Peak Motus System. Comparisons were made using descriptive statistics. Females exhibited greater hip and knee flexion, while males had greater ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Females spent more time in support while males spent more time in the air. Faster speed was associated with greater hip flexion and extension, peak knee flexion, and less time during contact. As a result, gender and speed seem to have effects on lower extremity stride kinematics, whereas type of tape does not
ACUTE EFFECTS OF OUTDOOR SURFACES ON RUNNING GAIT SYMMETRY AND REGULARITY ASSESSED BY TRUNK ACCELEROMETRY
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to investigate if trunk accelerometry measures were influenced by outdoor surface while running. A sample of highly-trained (n=12) and recreational (n=17) ran on three independent surfaces, namely asphalt, synthetic track, and wood-chip. Dependent accelerometry measures were step frequency (SFREQ), step symmetry (SSYM), stride regularity (SREG), axis contribution to total amplitude (RMSRATIO) and sample entropy (SEN). Surface effects on accelerometry measures were consistent for both running groups. Several significant differences existed between wood-chip and either asphalt or synthetic track. The results suggest that surface specific considerations should be made when quantifying trunk accelerometry measures related to running gait symmetry and regularity during running
INCREASING POWER OUTPUT AND MOVEMENT OPTIMIZATION IN CYCLING: INSIGHTS FROM A FULLY INSTRUMENTED ERGOMETER
Full text linkWe hypothesized that the saddle vertical force would be a critical parameter to explain the sitto-stand transition during cycling. Twenty-five participants were required to pedal at six different powers ranging from 20 (1.6 ± 0.3 W.kg-1) to 120% (9.6 ± 1.6 W.kg-1) of their Sit-to-Stand Transition Power (SSTP) at 90 RPM. Five 6-component sensors recorded the loads applied on the saddle, pedals and handlebars. The results showed that the saddle vertical force decreased with increasing cycling power, from a static position on the bicycle (5.30 ± 0.50 N.kg-1) to 120% of SSTP (0.68 ± 0.49 N.kg-1). Pedal and handlebar force directions were reversed around SSTP, suggesting that the seated position may become constraining in these pedalling conditions. These results suggest that the saddle vertical reaction force may be predictive of the sit-to-stand transition in cycling, and that pedalling in the seated position at high crank forces add constraints on the cyclist, explaining the spontaneous change in coordination mode
AGE BASED LOWER BODY JOINT ANALYSIS OF MALE ENDURANCE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to examine the age based changes in joint angles and moments throughout the stance phase of running. A biomechanical analysis was conducted on the running gait of endurance athlete from three different age groups. Reduction in ankle and knee flexion and moments was an age response to running gait. To reduce the rate of decline in running performance seen with age the training strategies employed should be ankle and knee joint focussed