ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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SPECIFIC AND NON SPECIFIC ROWING FIELD EVALUATION CORRELATED WITH ERGOMETER ROWING PERFORMANCE
Full text linkThis study aimed at testing the possible correlation between rowers’ ability to generate power during a rowing Wingate test or a squat jump test and a rowing ergometer performance. Mean power developped during the Wingate test (PWIN), force, velocity and power output in squat jump (FSJ, VSJ and PSJ) and mean power (P1500) sustained during an all-out 1500-m sprint ergometer were measured in fourteen young rowers (15.3±0.6 yr, 178.5±8.8 cm, 67.9±10.8 kg). PWIN was significantly correlated to P1500 (r=0.90,
CONTRIBUTION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY JOINTS TO MECHANICAL ENERGY IN ATHLETICS CURVE SPRINTING
Full text linkThe purposes of this study were to identify differences of the three-dimensional joint kinetics between linear and curve sprinting and to quantify the asymmetrical loading of both legs during curve sprinting. Six male sprinters performed three linear and curve sprints. The energies of the ankle, knee and hip joint were determined during the ground contact phase with the aid of an adjusted multibody human model. The ankle joint was the largest energy absorber and generator in the sagittal plane while the hip joint was the largest energy absorber and generator in the frontal and transversal plane. Asymmetric functions of the inside and outside leg were determined during curve sprinting. The hip joint of the inside leg might be highly loaded in sprinting on a bend track
CHANGE IN KINETICS OF THROWING ARM JOINTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN DUE TO TRAINING OF A DISTANCE THROW
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to investigate effects of training with a standard motion model on the kinetics of throwing arm joints in elementary school children. Thirty-two children from sixth grade were participated in three sessions: pre- and post-training videotaping and technique training. Their throwing motions were videotaped with two high-speed cameras and analysed three-dimensionally. Through the training with the use of standard motion model as a reference, throwing distance and ball velocity significantly improved. Joint force, joint torque and mechanical work in throwing arm joints increased at the post-training. The results indicated that the use of standard motion model was useful for the improvement in throwing distance and joint kinetics of throwing arm
SWIM START STANDPOINTS ON THE OSB11 STARTING BLOCK
Full text linkSystematic variations of the preferred stance positions of 17 elite swimmers on the OSB11 were analyzed in regard to block time, swim start times to 5 m, horizontal take-off velocities, and horizontal vs. vertical peak force values. The variations encompassed changes of the front leg (left vs. right), the centre of mass (CM) height (low vs. high), the stance width (narrow vs. wide), and a rear vs. a front weighted stance. For half of the subjects, at least one stance alter-native provided a better swim start time than the preferred stance with an average gain of 0,06s and extreme improvements of up to 0,14s. The majority of the improvements were associated with a change to the front weighted stance, a narrow foot displacement, and an elevated CM position
USE OF THE KINEMATIC CHAIN IN THE FENCING ATTACKING LUNGE
Full text linkProximal to distal sequencing has been demonstrated in a variety of movements as an optimal solution to generating maximal propulsion. This study aimed to identify whether the kinematic chain is used in the fencing attacking lunge. Six novice and four expert fencers completed attacking lunge movements. Kinematic data were captured, and joint angular velocities compared. The expert group demonstrated a proximal to distal sequence in the rear leg which was not as evident in the novices, resulting in a significantly greater ankle extension velocity (564 ± 132 °.s-1 expert versus 273 ± 184 °.s-1 novice;
COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRINT RUNNING AT MAXIMAL AND SUBMAXIMAL SPEEDS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of athlete\u27s movements when sprint running at maximal and submaximal speeds. Three male and six female sprinters took part in the investigation. Each of them performed 50 metres running: first at 95% of maximal speed, then at maximal speed. High-speed camcorder (240 Hz) was placed at the 40 metres mark of 50 metres track, perpendicular to the plane of athlete’s motion. Paired t-test was used to assess the significance of the differences between considered variables. The study revealed significantly larger ankle vertical velocity along with center of gravity displacement during support phase when sprint running at maximal speed. Step frequency and length, ground contact time and a large number of other variables remained stable during sprint running at various speeds
QUANTIFYING THE GRADIENTS EXPOSED TO A PROFESSIONAL GOLFER DURING A ROUND OF GOLF
Full text linkResearch has suggested that that when performing a tee shot a gradient slope of 4.4% (2.25°) and above it is noticeable to the golfer and may cause an adjustment to their normal stance (Linde, 2005). To quantify what gradients were exposed to a golfer during a round of golf an inclinometer was utilised to measure the gradient of shots in open play from around 16 golf courses across the UK. Twenty two right handed male professional golfers were recruited and the inclinometer was placed between the inside of the feet and the ball. The results showed that over 50% of shots where performed on an incline greater than 2.25° mainly ranging from 0 to (+/-) 10°. These results suggest that future research is required to investigate the effects of gradient on the mechanics of the golf swing
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE SNATCH TECHNIQUE OF COLOMBIAN 62 KG DIVISION WEIGHTLIFTERS PARTICIPATING IN THE 52nd NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP, "CARTAGENA 2014"
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to identify the behaviour of some kinematic lineal variables during the execution of the snatch of the Colombian 62 kg division weightlifters participating in the 52nd National Championship in Cartagena in 2014, to recognize the movement patterns in this population, to identify the principal values of velocity peaks, the percentage of the height reached by the bar at its maximal point in relation to the weightlifter’s height, the relationship between the time of execution and the maximal peak of 3D velocity. All of the lifts, 100%, were analyzed of which 56% (n32) were valid
MOTION CHARACTERISTICS AFFECT EVALUATION BY JUDGES IN HIP-HOP DANCE: KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF STEP MOVEMENT
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to extract motion characteristics closely related to high evaluation by judges, through a comparison of “side-step” movement between eight expert and eight non-expert dancers. Their step motions were captured and the head trajectory relative to the centre of mass, face inclination, and time lags among neck, trunk, hip and knee angles were calculated. As a result, a quarter cycle of phase delay between the neck motion and other body parts were observed for the expert dancers. This delay resulted in a large displacement of the head relative to the centre of mass and a large range of motion of the face inclination. The face inclination was highly correlated with the judging score (r = 0.869). Thus, it is assumed these motion characteristics are the most important element of the side-step movement that induces a better impression of judges
BATTING AND BUTTON-PRESS REACTION TIME IN PRIMARY, JUNIOR HIGH AND HIGH SCHOOL BASEBALL PLAYERS
Full text linkThe focus of this study was how baseball players acquire rapid visuo-motor processing during developmental stages. We compared simple and Go/Nogo reaction times in a button-press task and a swing-a-bat task between different age groups of teenage baseball players. Though reaction time, swing time and total reaction time were shorter in the older group, baseball-specific visuo-motor skills could not be investigated by our experiment. These results indicate that the general neural foundations underlying baseball performance develop over the school years