Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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EFFECT OF ECOLOGICAL PRODUCT CARBECOL AND BIOFERTILIZER ECOLIT ON MANAGEMENT OF LATE BLIGHT (PHYTOPTHORA INFESTANS) AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM ESCULENTUM) PLANTS
Get PDFOrganic agriculture is gaining importance and the market for organic products has been significantly increasing nowadays. Different diseases affect tomato especially the pathogen Phytophtora infestans, which is a major threat in organic and durable agriculture. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of new biorational protection product Carbecol and humic substances Ecolit in late blight management in tomato and their impact on the productivity. Tomato plants during vegetation period were treated four times with Carbecol in dose 6 kg/ha alone as well as in combination with application of biofertilizer Ecolit in doze 3L/ha. Control were untreated plants. Experimental results revealed that foliar diseases like late blight of tomato were significantly reduced by treatments applied either alone or in combinations compared to untreated plants. However, the best results were obtained in variant with integrated application of Carbecol, Ecolit plus ecological protection product Funecol in concentration 0,4%. The treatments had beneficial impact on fruits productivity of tomato. Experimental results demonstrated that application of Carbecol alone did not significantly increase the yield. However, the integrated use of Carbecol, humic substances Ecolit and Funecol gave better effect and the yield increased by 15,7% compared to untreated plants. Hence, experimental data suggests that the combined application of Carbecol, Ecolit and ecological fungicide Funecol could reduce the incidence of Phytophtora disease and increase tomato productivity. The integrated application of these ecological products of plant protection and biofertilizer could be an option for development of durable agriculture
THE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS
Get PDFIn the present study, the infusions from six medicinal plants have been evaluated in terms of their polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. The plants selected for this study are the following: elder (Sambucusnigra), chamomile (Chamomillaegermanicaeflos), sage (Salvia officinale), mistletoe (Viscum album), lemon balm (Melissa oficinalis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). The investigated samples show a wide variation in the values obtained both for the antioxidant capacity and for the content of total phenolic compounds. The values obtained for the content of phenolic compounds vary between 87.93 μg gallic acid equivalent/mL (mistletoe) and 984.33 μg gallic acid equivalent/mL (chamomile) and increase in the order of mistletoe < chamomile < lavender < sage <elder < lemon balm. All investigated samples show high values of antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical. The results indicate the highest antioxidant activity for lemon balm. The values vary between 1.05 and 14.63 μM Trolox equivalent /mL infusion and decrease in the order: lemon balm, sage, lavender, elder, chamomile, mistletoe. The high content of phenolic compounds of these medicinal plants can explain their use in the therapy of many disease
THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) GENOTYPES UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA
Get PDFThis study follows the behaviour of seven genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cultivated on the sandy soils of Dăbuleni, with the aim of diversifying the range of plants tolerant to climatic factors in southern Oltenia. Observation of vegetative characteristics such as plant height, number of sympodia, number of flowers in the first decade of flowering and quantitative characteristics such as boll weight, fibre weight, seed weight and number of seeds / plant were the object of the study. Research on cotton plant development was correlated with climatic data recorded by the weather station of Dăbuleni RDSPCS, during the growing season from plant sowing in the field to boll formation. Following the study and showing positive results, The Beli-Lom genotype stood out in terms of flowering yield and fibre percentage, and the Cirpan-539 and Beli-Iskar genotypes had positive vegetative growth yield
HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AND CELERY ROOT (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) HARVESTED FROM THE POLLUTED AREAS IN SIBIU COUNTY, CENTRAL ROMANIA
Get PDFHeavy metals are harmful environmental contaminants that are mostly the result of human activities. Vegetable roots may easily absorb heavy metals, which can then accumulate up to high levels in the edible sections. The celery root is a vegetable that is frequently cultivated in individual gardens and its production in polluted soil might provide a risk to the consumer's health, not necessarily due to the amount ingested but rather due to the cumulative effect of long-term usage.
The present study is aimed to estimate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc) from the soil in the celery root, harvested from 26 households located in the polluted areas (Axente Sever, Agârbiciu, Bazna, CopșaMică, Micăsasa, Șoala, and Târnava). Total soil (0-20 cm) and celery root heavy metals contents varied as follows: for Cd (soil = 0.10 mg/kg – 14.80 mg/kg; celery root = 0.058 mg/kg – 1.254 mg/kg); for Pb (soil = 28 mg/kg – 326 mg/kg; celery root = 0.022 mg/kg – 0.620 mg/kg); for Cu (soil = 25 mg/kg – 163 mg/kg; celery root = 0.60 mg/kg – 2.51 mg/kg); for Zn (soil = 117 mg/kg – 1076 mg/kg; celery root = 3.1 mg/kg – 11.7 mg/kg). The highest values of correlation coefficients were obtained for the regression curves established for the estimation of Cd, Pb, and Zn accumulation in celery root (r = 0.788 for Cd, r = 0.796 for Pb, and r = 0.656 for Zn). In the case of copper, the linear correlation coefficient is relatively low (r = 0.092)
A STUDY REGARDING CORRELATION BETWEEN CONTENTS IN SOIL AND CONTENTS IN PARSLEY ROOTS OF CADMIUM, LEAD, ZINC AND COPPER IN SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM PRIVATE GARDENS IN COPSA MICA
Get PDFFood security is a high-priority issue for sustainable global development both quantitatively and qualitatively. The increasing contamination of heavy metals in vegetables is attributed to multiple pathways, such as industrial emissions, sewage sludge discharge, agrochemicals and fertilizers abuse, and it has become a serious issue worldwide, especially in developing countries. CopşaMicăhad the reputation of being the most polluted city in Europe until the Chernobyl nuclear accident. This was due to emissions from two factories Carbosin, which produced carbon black and Sometra, the other source of pollution, less visible, but much more serious from the point of view of the impact on the human health.For this study, were collected soil and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) samples from 36 households located in CopşaMică area. The obtained data were used to estimate the accumulation of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper in parsley roots. by correlation factor between contents in soil and contents in parsley roots. For cadmium and lead, the value of linear correlation coefficient is r = 0.571 for cadmium and r = 0.381 for lead and it is indicating a good correlation between the cadmium and lead content in parsley roots and the cadmium and lead content in soil. For zinc and copper, the value of the linear correlation coefficient is r = 0.139 for zinc and r = 0.035 for copper is not significantly different from zero, indicating that the estimation of zinc and copper accumulation in parsley roots cannot be described by simple power-type regressions
STUDIES REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION STAGE OF THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY LEADER AT THE "COLINELE OLTENIEI" LOCAL ACTION GROUP (LAG)
Get PDFThe Local Action Group (LAG) is represented by a form of partnership established in a rural territory that brings together representatives of the public, private and civil society sectors in that territory, created with the aim of implementing LEADER methods, receiving funding based on the Strategy of Local Development developed previously and authorized by the responsibleManagement Authority, the amount of the allocated amount being established according to the area of the LAG territory and the number of inhabitants. The Local Action Group "Colinele Oltenia" is located, from a geographical point of view, in the south-western part of Romania and is part, from an administrative point of view, of the South-West Oltenia Development Region and consists of a total of 17 localities. During the analyzed period, a number of 22 projects were submitted to the "Colinele Olteniei" LAG, with a total eligible value of 1,479,187.5 euros, of which only 16 projects were contracted with an eligible value a total of 993,944.14 euros, where the Agency for the Financing of Rural Investments paid to the beneficiaries 157,875 euros from the total sum of 993,944.14 euros, which represents the total support related to the projects declared eligible andfor which financing contracts were signed
RESEARCH ON THE CURRENT SITUATION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE
Get PDFSub-measure 17.1 is aimed at risk management at farm level and was introduced to help farmers compensate for their costs of establishing crops if these crops were affected. In this paper, the situation on the market of insurance companies and the evolution of agricultural insurance in the period 2016-2020 were studied, the situation of accessing the funds used to support risk management and risk prevention at farm level, a study was carried out at the national level, and for the South Development Region – West Oltenia, a thorough analysis was made regarding the situations of the funding requests of this sub-measure. During this period, 8,196 funding applications were requested at national level, with a value of non-refundable support of 72,846,032.80 lei, of which 6,720 funding requests with a value of non-refundable support of 58,711,579.18 lei were eligible, 1157 with a value of non-refundable support of 11,432,329.26 lei were ineligible, and 319 with a value of non-refundable support of 2,702,124.36 lei were withdrawn. In the South - West Oltenia Region, they submitted and financed , in the analyzed period 2019 – 2020 a total of 585 funding applications. From the total of 585 funding requests selected for payment, in this analysis period, 2019-2020, the most were in Dolj county with a total of 353 funding requests, in second place is Olt county with 162 funding requests, followed by Vâlcea, Mehedinți and Gorj counties with 35, 33 and 2 funding requests, respectivel
RESEARCH ON THE MODIFICATION OF THE BAKING PROPERTIES DURING THE FLOUR MATURATION TIME
Get PDFWheat is one of the most important food plants grown in over 45 countries, feeding 35-40% of the world's population. The main utility is manufacturing bread and various products made from flour.
Bread is the basic food for the majority of the world's population. No other food satisfies the needs of the human body as completely and economically as wheat bread. The most complete and perfect food is bread, which is obtained from flour of wheat.
Through this study, it was followed how the different properties of bakery of white flour type 650 alter during the maturation period for 30 days. The analysed properties were studied on 3 batches of type 650 flour obtained in February 2022. Type 650 white flour was studied because it is the most used flour in the bakery industry and the consumption of white bread is approximately 65% compared to the others bread assortments.
On the flour samples obtained by grinding, the following parameters were monitored at intervals of 10, 20 and 30 days: moisture content, wet gluten content, hydration capacity, dough development time, dough stability. For all three flour samples taken in the study, it is observed that the capacity of flour hydration increases during storage by 1.4 units in batch 3, by 1.8 units in batch 2 and by 2 units to batch 3, the development time of the flour, determined for the three batches of type 650 flour, registers a decrease, which varies between 0.4 in lot 2 and 3, and 0.9 in lot 1; and as for the stability of the dough, there is an increase that signifies the time the dough maintains its maximum consistency, which indicates the dough's tolerance for kneading. The gluten content and the moisture content during the storage period decrease in all 3 flour samples
IMPACT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILISERS ON POTATO AND TOMATO YIELD IN BULGARIA
Get PDFIn recent years, organic farming, or the production of organic food of plant or animal origin, has been increasingly discussed in our country. A few growers decided to reorient production on their farms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the yields of potatoes and tomatoes under organic, mineral and organic-mineral fertilisation within the framework of a multi-year vegetable crop rotation.The experiments were carried out on alluvial-meadow soil (Mollicfluvisol) in the village Tsalapitsa (42.191734 N, 24.580252 E), Plovdiv region, like every subsequent year, regardless of the crop experienced, the variants were placed on the same area. The results for the yields and the quality of production showed that there was a lack of a clear, unequivocal answer for the choice and recommendation of organic or mineral fertilisation. The highest yield of potatoes was obtained (3242 kg/da) in the variant with mixed fertilisation. The highest tomato yield was recorded in the variant with mixed fertilisation (4307.4 kg/da), and the lowest in the control (without fertilisation) – 1670.1 kg/da.The fertilisation system as a complex, dynamic mechanism is influenced by several factors. The integrated fertilisation system, i.e., the combination of mineral and organic fertilisation increases the overall efficiency, reflected in the productivity and some of the quality indicators of experimental crops, regardless of the increase in the degree of damage by insect herbivores and fungal pathogens
EVOLUTION OF WINTER WHEAT CROP UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AGROTEHNICAL MEASURES AND CLIMATE CHANGES
Get PDFIn the context of climate change, crop technologies must be updated and adapted by identifying and implementing new technological links regarding: soil tillages, the fertilization system, the previous plant, which will contribute to significantly reducing the negative impact of climate change on production and quality for wheat crop. The relationship production - quality - technology highlighted the negative influence of excessive temperatures and deficient precipitation in important stages in the evolution of plants. Wheat yield and quality are affected by management practices, climate conditions and genetic characteristics. The research was carried out in the period 2019 – 2021, in the experimental field of NARDI Fundulea and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of agrotechnical measures and climatic conditions on the yield and quality of wheat. The experiment involved three different soil works and four fertilized options. Yields and quality were maximized by associated factors. Soil conservation works associated with manure fertilization increase production values and final quality by 5-10%, depending on the variant