Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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THE ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS – SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTS
Get PDFOrganic agricultural products are the best raw materials for food products with high nutritional density (food supplements, functional foods, and nutraceuticals). The applied technologies in the organic farming system use inputs free of hormones, GMOs, pesticides, antibiotics and other synthetic substances - and all of these allow both the preservation of the bio-availability of the active compounds during processing and the elimination of toxicological risks in final food products. The authors present an innovative approach to the production technology specific to a food product with high nutritional density that is developed from raw materials from Romania. The production of quality foods with high nutritional density can be supported both by Romania's huge potential within the production system specific to ecological agriculture and by the increased demand for such products with added value. The use of special techniques of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), extraction of active bio-compounds with the help of supercritical agents (SFE), molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) facilitates the monitoring of food safety for both raw materials and final foods
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE FARM MANAGERS AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE FARMS IN OLT COUNTY
Get PDFThe importance of formal and continuous education in every field of expertise is essential, due to the great influence of the human factors in every work activity. The work in agriculture has the distinctive characteristic of being dependent of minor and major disturbances in climate, economic, social and technological factors of the working environment, thus a manager of an agriculture holding is obliged to keep being informed on all these changes in this environment in order to perform on the agricultural activity. In this matter, the degree of theoretical and practical knowledge of a farm manager is a good precursor of the performance of the farm owned by the manager. In this paper, we will present the results of a statistical research whose purpose consists in the determination of the degree of correlation between the professional training background of the farmers and the performance of the agricultural holding managed by them. The research consisted in the analysis of a number of responses to a survey that was applied on the farmers in the geographical region of Olt County in southern Romania, with a main focus point on the basic professional training, only practical professional training and full agricultural vocational training. The analysis was performed using the Chi square test and statistical testing of the deviations between the mentioned types of training
METHODS OF PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT BY USING AUTOMATED AND COMPUTERIZED WORK TECHNIQUES IN THE CEREALS GRINDING PROCESS
Get PDFThe technological flow from a compound feed factory is a very complex one, starting from the storage of raw materials in special bunkers, then their movement to the processing installations with the help of conveyor belts, grinding the cereals, adding all the ingredients indicated by the assortment recipe, mixing and homogenization, and finally granulation and sterilization of the finished product obtained. As can be seen, one of the basic activities carried out during the production process of various types of compound feed is the grinding of cereal grains, which involves the release of small dust particles into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is aimed to use high-performance work installations in compound feed factories, with a high degree of mechanization, automation and computerization, with high productivity and low specific consumption, to ensure a rigorous monitoring of dust and other noxes according to accepted European norms. This article analyses the technical working parameters in the cereals grinding area and presents the results of the experimental measurements carried out in the dust discharge areas, which prove the advantage of using automated and computerized work installations, equipped with special filters which respect the optimal projected parameters and which ensure the rules imposed by the European Union for the protection of the environment.
 
RESEARCHES ON THE FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY RESPECTIVE POTENTIAL DEGREES HELD BY THE OFFSHOOTS ISSUED FROM CERTAIN VINE KINDS FOR TABLE GRAPES CULTIVATED IN THE DEALUL OLT - DRĂGĂȘANI VINEYARD
Get PDFThe local climate’s potentialities from which the Drăgășani vineyard does effectively benefit do allow the vine plants not just to realize within their grapes the respective synthesis processes of whatever among their finally obtained chemical constituents no matter how complex their structures could be but furthermore to achieve them under some quite large quantitative ratios. Yet this genuine natural abundance of climate potentialities is accompanied by no climate roughnesses at all which could concomitantly have caused to the grapes whatever losses and alterations that might subsequently have deteriorated their genuinely established intrinsic constitutive harmony. The statistical data respectively gathered in regard to the fertility degrees, the productive ratio of their offshoots as well as the quantities and qualities of their grapes’harvests for some vine kinds cultivated in the Drăgășani zone which do produce table grapes such as: CoarnãNeagrã, Afuz Ali, Victoria or ChasselasDoré do attest the respective facts that the above mentioned vine kinds do provide outputs which simultaneously are economically profitable and qualitatively the best. Insofar the production of sultanas could be concerned the statistical indices which have been recorded in the respective cases of the vine kinds of Sultaninã and Cãlina (which is a created hybrid between the kinds of Sultaninã and Braghinã) are attesting the respective achievements of some both quantitatively adequate or either very good harvests and bearing an excellent level of quality
THE NEED FOR CHALKING AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON THE ALBOTA ALBIC LUVISOL
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out at SCDA Pitești, on an Albic Luvisol with a 25.0-25.2% clay content, with soy crop, Raluca TD variety. Seeds were treated with Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum, the density was 45-50 germinable grains/m2, and the distance between rows 50 cm. Fertilizers were applied during the vegetation cycle as follows: Dual 1 liter/ha, Décor 0,5 liters/ha, and Pulsar 1 liter/ha. The experimental design included 12 variants with the following chemical fertilizers doses: N0P0, N40P40, and N80P80. Agrocalcium (a product obtained by lime fine grinding, with a minimum 90% calcium carbonate content) and Doloflor (100% BIO fertilizer based on bitter spar with a minimum 50% calcium and magnesium oxide content) were used as chalking. Doloflor application as powder and granules in a 2.5 t/ha dose without N and P fertilization modified the soil reaction and pH registered values of 5.3-5.5, in the moderately acid reaction domain. Doloflor powder and granules in 2.5 t/ha dose together with N40P40 and N80P80 fertilizers doses determined very high mobile phosphorus content values (95-97 mg/kg). Mobile potassium contents in the analyzed variants are low ((100-125 mg/kg). Grain yield ranged from 1,483 to 2,053 kg/ha. The lowest yield resulted in the unfertilized and unlimed control. The highest values of grain yield were obtained when applying liming doses together with complex fertilizers
LAVENDER (LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL.) - MEDICINAL-ALTERNATIVE SPECIES IN THE STRUCTURE OF CROPS IN AGRICULTURAL FARMS, IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Get PDFFrom the medicinal species Lavender, the inflorescences (Flores SpicaeLavandulae), with a pleasant, characteristic smell, with notes of freshness, are used for therapeutic purposes. The active principle of lavender flowers is the volatile oil, the content of which differs depending on the species, variety, variety, time of harvest or the form of conditioning. Fresh flowers contain up to 0.8% volatile oil, and dried ones up to 1.5%. Lavender flowers have a high content of linalool (a terpene alcohol, which helps to synthesize vitamin E and a non-toxic insecticide), they also contain tannin, bitter principles, resins, pectins and other alcohols (nerol, lavandulol). The volatile oil whose main component is free linalool (40-60%) or in the form of linalyl acetate (40-50%) has medicinal uses.In the volatile oils of Lavandulaangustifolia L., 22 compounds were identified, of which 14 major compounds (in concentration above 0.2%) represented 99.53% of the total
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES SPECIFIC TO THE CULTIVATION YEAR OVER THE GRAPEVINE GROWTH AND YIELD
Get PDFThe ecological offer holds an important role in establishing the grapevine areas. The pedo-climatic conditions influence the intensity of the physiological and biochemical processes inside the plant, determine the length of the vegetation period, influence the hydro-mineral feeding system, the quality of crops, and offer singularity to the grapes and wines obtained on a certain area, expressed by the specificity of the viticultural area. Grapevine cultivation with superior productive results requires, besides the biological characteristics of the cultivated soil, the continuous appreciation of the ecological favourableness of the space used for this purpose, in order to identify and then apply the most appropriate counter measures according to the variation of the pedoclimatic conditions.
Grapevines are multiannual plants, hence the significant importance of the influence of the annual ecological offer over production, especially its quality.The knowledge of morphological, physiological and biochemical particularities determined by the pedoclimatic conditions is important for the elaboration and support of viticultural technical activities. Grapevines have the ability to adapt to various environmental conditions, however extremely high temperatures (over 350 C) or heatwaves often associated with drought may affect the grapevine physiology and yield.
This study was focused on the influence of the environmental resource variation over the intensity of certain physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance), as well as over the growth and fruit bearing of certain grapevine varieties cultivated in Dealurile Craiovei viticultural region
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE PRE-CLEANING PROCESS OF CEREAL SEEDS
Get PDFIn order to obtain good results using cereal seed cleaning equipment, it is mandatory for the equipment to operate at maximum capacity, in good functioning conditions, and handled by qualified personnel. Seed cleaning increases seed quality by removing unwanted materials that may also attract certain insects or fungus. Cleaned seed also lower storage costs because only storage valuable material is stored and not straws, soil and other unwanted materials
APPLICATIONS OF THE CRISPR/CAS9 TECHNIQUE IN MAIZE AND WHEAT BREEDING
Get PDFMaize and wheat are some of the world's most important food crops, so their breeding programs are important for global food security. Genome editing techniques (the latest advancement in genetics) are not replacements for conventional breeding techniques, they are new methods and innovative, which promote agricultural crop breeding programs and offers unprecedented solutions to food insecurity. Among these techniques, CRISPR-Cas9 is considered a more effective tool for genome editing due to its low cost and simplicity. This paper summarizes recent applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in maize and wheat breeding. The implementation of this technique allows the production of non-transgenic crops with high yield under different environmental stresses promoting sustainable agriculture
RESEARCH ON SOME TECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES FOR INCREASING THE YIELDS ON GRAIN SORGHUM CULTIVATED ON SANDY SOILS FROM TÂMBUREŞTI
Get PDFGrain sorghum is a common species in the world also an old culture show since the fifth century BC (Antohe, I., 1991). It is grown on large areas in areas where climatic conditions are unfavorable for corn, with poor soils and nutrients in water supplies, degraded and climatic conditions with high temperatures. This ability to adapt to almost extreme weather conditions makes the species Sorghum bicolor as an alternative to exploit the productive potential of sandy soils in south-western Romania (Draghici I. et al. 1997).In this paper are presented results obtained from sorghum grain production under the testing of various rotation crops - monoculture, crop rotation of 2 years (cowpea - grain sorghum) and three years (cowpea - rye - grain sorghum) under the influence of various doses of mineral fertilizers with NPK applied in non irrigated conditions.The results obtained during the testing period showed that the conditions of sandy soils from Tâmbureşti as the best run for grain sorghum was cowpea which conduct to obtain a higher production on sorghum at the variant fertilized with N150P80K80