Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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SPEED BREEDING AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Get PDFCurrent environmental changes and continued global population growth represent a significant concern for food security. The slow rate at which current plant breeding programs are progressing is partly attributed to the long generation time of plants during the breeding process. One solution to overcome this obstacle is the use of Speed breeding technology that shortens the generation time to accommodate multiple generations of crops per year and accelerates crop research. The term "Speed breeding" was coined by Australian researchers in 2003 and is inspired by NASA experiments performed on a space mission. In this context, this paper summarizes some of the technological aspects, opportunities and limitations associated with Speed breeding. The integration of Speed breeding with other modern breeding technologies can further reduce the breeding cycle time and make selection for some novel traits more effective. Speed breeding is an innovative and promising breeding technology to ensure food security, which accelerates the development and release of new crop varieties
RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME VINE CULTIVARES WITH RED GRAPES IN THE SANDY SOIL AREA OF SOUTH OLTENIA
Get PDFThe researches carried out followed the behavior of some cultivares of vines with red grapes in the ampelographic collection, over a period of three years (2020-2022). During the three years of study, the grape cultivares for red wines budded between April 13-20, the 'Mamaia' cultivar budded the earliest, and the 'Pandur' cultivar at the latest. Shoot fertility recorded different values depending on the cultivar and climatic conditions. From the point of view of the average production of grapes, in the analyzed period, the cultivares'Novac' stood out 20479 kg/ha, being registered from a statistical point of view as very significantly positive, 'Codană'18089 kg/ha and 'Haiduc' 17662 kg/ha, from a statistical point of view, they registered distinctly significant positive meanings.
The values of the content in total sugars, at harvest maturity, fluctuated from one cultivar to another but also from one year to another. From this point of view, the 'Codană'cultivar was in first place, with an average amount of total sugars of 207 g/l. The 'Arcaș' cultivar achieved an average total sugar content, with the lowest value (180 g/l). In the period 2020-2022, the grape cultivaresanalyzed behaved differently depending on the climatic conditions of the crop year
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TWO CULTIVARS OF WHITE CABBAGE
Get PDFThe purposeof this study was to evaluate comparatively the phytochemical content, the antioxidant enzymes activities and the antioxidant activity in two cultivars of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba). The content of reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, total phenolic, flavonoids, catalase and peroxidase activity were determined by colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. The results show that studied chemical indices vary depending on the analyzed cultivar. This study recommends introducing the investigated varieties in diet due to the rich content of compounds with antioxidant properties
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DURATION OF ELIMINATION OF CERTAIN MEDICATIONS IN THE MILK OF COWS TREATED WITH MEDICATIONS
Get PDFThe highest frequency is on day 1 (after treatment) after which it gradually decreases. It should be noted that no antibiotic residues were detected in the collected milk samples prior to treatment. Antibiotic residues may be detected in the milk of recently calved animals due to intramammary treatments during the dry period (chronic mastitis). If the period after treatment is less than 15 days until calving, the frequency of detecting residues in milk after calving is high. As noted, there were two (10%) positive results, after the expiration of the waiting period, one in intramammary treated animals and one in intramuscular treated animals on the fourth day, the first day after the waiting period. The somatic cell count in the positive sample from intramammary treated animals was 2850000 cells/ml and 337000 cells/ml in the sample from intramuscular treated animals. The antibiotic residue test was influenced by the components of the milk with mastitis. From the analysis of the treatment register, it was found that the intramuscularly treated cow received an overdose of penicillin. This overdose resulted in a massive accumulation of penicillin in the animal’s body resulting in an extension of the elimination period by one more day
ASPECTS REGARDING VARIETY/ROOTSTOCK RELATIONSHIP IN SOME SPECIES OF FRUIT SPECIES
Get PDFObtaining large and quality productions requires, in addition to agrotechnical measures, the establishment of the most appropriate symbiosis between grafts (varieties) and rootstocks. This variety/rootstock union particularly influences tree growth, production and quality. Knowing the growth of the root system has an important role in choosing the system of use and tillage, in choosing the land. The varieties of nectarine on the frank peach rootstock had different vigor, vigor represented by the height, the diameter of the crown, respectively a lower vigor was recorded in the Marina variety, the other varieties being noted with much greater vigor. Compatibility between nectarine varieties and rootstocks was very good, with no split at the grafting point. Deeply developed roots were found in Costin, Tina and Romamer 2 nectarine varieties. Varieties from the pear species namely Williams red, Clapp's Favorite and Daciana showed average vigor and very good rooting - the same varieties together with the Williams white variety
ASSESSMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY OF A CAFFEINATED SOFT DRINK USING ALLIUM ASSAY
Get PDFOne of the most consumed caffeinated soft drinks by millions of people globally is Coca-Cola. For healthy adults, caffeine consumption is relatively safe, but for some vulnerable populations, caffeine consumption could be harmful. Therefore, we considered this cytogenetic study to be appropriate for assessment of cytotoxicity effects of Coca-Cola in meristematic cells of plants, through Allium test. A. cepa has assayed to be one of the best model plants for standard use in cytological analysis of different toxins for their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to plants and animals. The meristematic roots were treated with various concentrations of Coca-Cola (3, 5 and 10ml/cl) for 8 hours, at room temperature, along to an untreated control. It was found that Coca-Cola induced a strong cytogenotoxic effect in meristematic cells of A. cepa as the concentration of Coca-Cola was increased. The clastogenic and aneugenic effect of the tested product was manifested by the decrease of mitotic index (12.5-3.5%) and the occurrence of several types of chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities (12.6-23.2%): bridges, laggards, stickiness and disrupted nucleus. These results suggest that the caffeinated soft drinks can be harmful to health and their regular intake must be avoided. The problem can arises when the consumption is regularized in everyday life, as, unfortunately, many people do
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATE-CONTINENTAL CLIMATE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW WHEAT LINES
Get PDFThe genetic diversity of wheat is high and continues to grow, which can contribute to the new challenges imposed by climate change. National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea-Romania, using diverse genetic resources and biotechnological methods obtained a series of DH mutant/recombinant lines that can be used in the next years in many cropping zones because as a result of experimentation proved to adapt easily in moderate temperate continental conditions from south Romania. To evaluate the effect of this climate on their agronomic performance, 13 lines and the two forms from which they were extracted, were sowed in ARDS Caracal where average long-term climatic data indicate an increase in temperature with almost 2.500C and also the frequency of periods with drought and high temperatures, as well as extreme weather events. In this context, the new lines represent a superior genetic material that can be made available to farmers and has proven capable of giving high, stable, and quality yields corresponding to market requirements, under the increasingly frequent conditions of some higher temperatures and fluctuations in the pluviometric regime
AN OVERVIEW REGARDING THE INCIDENCE OF SOME NECROTIC VIRUSES IN SEVERAL ROMANIAN AREAS
Get PDFPMTV (Potato Mop-Top Virus ) and PAMV (Potato Aucuba Mosaic Virus) are new damaging pathogens of potato crop in Romania. They can cause serious reduced yield and decrease of the tuber’s quality. In case of these viruses, infected plants do not allways show signs of disease and the symptoms depend on potato cultivar, virus strain and the environment. PMTV and PAMV infection of material plants can produce spraing in tubers of sensitive varieties. PMTV causes heavy losses in northen Europe and it is very difficult to control. PAMV is a helping virus for the development of dangerous potyvirus like Potato Virus Y (PVY). Elimination of all these pathogens from the potato supply chain is essential for potato production and choosing resistant varieties to the infection with these viruses could be one of the measures recommended for farmers and producers. The results of this preliminary study shows that PMTV and PAMV were not found in the material collected from the following varieties: Armonia, Azaria, Christian and Millenium (samples collected from the counties Braşov, Covasna, Harghita, Suceava in 2019, 2020 and 2021)
OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES IN YEARS 2020 AND 2021 IN FUNDULEA LOCATION
Get PDFAt NARDI Fundulea, sunflower breeding program is focused for developing sunflower hybrids with high seed oil content, with resistance at main pathogens such as Plasmoparahalstedii, Sclerotiniasclerotiorum, Phomopsishelianthi and with resistance at sulfonylurea herbicides (SU) and to imidazolinone (CL Plus) herbicides.
Temperature and precipitation influence seed oil content of sunflower genotypes in booth years 2020 and 2021, in Fundulea location. The amount of precipitation during the sunflower vegetation period from April to September, in both years 2020 (248.6 mm) and 2021 (273.2 mm), was lower than the 60-year average amount (351.8mm).
Average seed oil content, in year 2020, was included in the values of 48.63% at sunflower experimental hybrid H54CLP in Clearfield Plus system and 51.79% at sunflower experimental hybrid H87SU in Express Sun system and in year 2021, was included in the values of 41.69% at H54CLP and 50.56% at H87SU. Agricultural year (2020, 2021), sunflower hybrid and their interaction, influence significant positive the oil content of seed.
In year 2020 in Fundulea location, pathogen Plasmoparahalstedii has an attack degree between 3% at H76SU, H50CLP and 17% at H54CLP and in year 2021, between 6% at H76SU, H50CLP and 23% at H54CLP
PRELIMINARY CHROMATOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF FOUR STACHYS SPP. (LAMIACEAE) FROM OLTENIA FLORA
Get PDFConcerning four Stachys spp. (Lamiaceae) from the Oltenia flora, the paper highlights the polyphenolic content of aerial parts through high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with photodensitometry. Chlorogenic acid (CA) was identified and quantified in all 20% methanolic extracts of Stachydisherba. The highest CA amount was determined in S. recta (59.88 mg%), followed by S. sylvatica (32.90 mg%), S. officinalis (31.34 mg%), and S. germanica (25.16 mg%), respectively