Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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RESEARCH ON THE SELECTIVITY AND EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS FROM THE WHEAT CROP IN PEDOCLIMATE CONDITIONS FROM NARDI FUNDULEA
Get PDFThis paper present the results obtained at National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, during 2021-2022, according to the new herbicide treatments: Floramix (70,8 g/kg piroxsulam + 14,2 g/kg florasulam + 70,8 g/kg cloquintocet-mexil - safener) + Dasoil 26-2 N (Adjuvant); Pallas (7.5% piroxsulam + 7.5% cloquintocet-mexil safener) + Adjuvant; Omnera + Foxtrot 69 EW (135 g/l fluroxypyr + 30 g/l thifensulfuron metil + 5 g/l metsulfuron metil 69 g/l fenoxaprop-P-etil + 34,5 g/l cloquintocet mexil - safener) și Pixxaro Super (2 g/l halauxifen-metil + 280 g/l fluroxipir meptil + 12 g/l cloquintocet-mexil), postemergently applied for the weeds controlling from the w. wheat crop. The main objective of this work focused on the study of the selectivity and effectiveness of the application of herbicide treatments to combat monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds present in the wheat crop. Wheat is an important crop affected by many weeds which, fortunately, can be effectively controlled by specific applications of herbicides. The herbicides must be correlated with the infestation degree of weed, the spectrum and dominance of weeds, the time of application, the technical potential for efficacy, the local climatic conditions
THE PHYTOSANITARY STATUS OF SOME FLOWERING PLANTS CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT GREEN SPACES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CRAIOVA
Get PDFThe research was carried out on 23 host plants and the attack of 32 fungal pathogens was identified.
The identified pathogens were classified by attack incidence value (F%) into main pathogens, secondary pathogens and potential pests.
The host plants that were attacked by key pathogens were chrysanthemum, snapdragon, marigold, yarrow, yucca and rose. The host plants that were attacked by pathogens from the secondary group were peony, sedge, oxeye, hydrangea, hyacinth, queen of the night, sage and cloves. Attack of potential harmful pathogens has been recorded on gladioli, tulips, snapdragons, chrysanthemums, marigolds, pansies, dahlias, hydrangea, petunia, cock's crest and primroses. The species in which the simultaneous attack of three key pathogens was registered was the rose
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN RED BEETS (BETA VULGARIS L.) IN HOUSEHOLDS FROM THE COPȘA MICĂ AREA
Get PDFThis study shows the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) from the soil in the roots of beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.) from individual gardens in the polluted area CopșaMică.The estimation of heavy metal accumulation in beetroot grown in the area affected by historical pollution was carried out based on a data set collected from 18 individual households. The content of heavy metals in the soil ranged for Cd between 0.52 mg/kg-1 and 19.52 mg/kg-1, Pb had values from 19 mg/kg-1 to 530 mg/kg-1, Zn ranged between 28 mg/kg-1 and 112 mg/kg-1 and Cu had values from 150 mg/kg-1 to 1136 mg/kg-1. The concentration of cadmium (Cd) in the root of red beet varied between 0.015 mg/kg-1 and 0.568 mg/kg-1. The content of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) registered values between 0.019 mg/kg-1 and 0.198 mg/kg-1, respectively from 0.49 mg/kg-1and 2.01 mg/kg-1.Zinc content values was between 3.5 mg/kg-1 and 10.4 mg/kg-1. It is noted that for cadmium (r=0,839***), lead (r=0,667**) and zinc (r=0,624**) the values of the linear correlation coefficient differ significantly from zero indicating a close dependence between the considered variables. In the case of copper (r=0,213ns), the value of the linear correlation coefficient does not significantly differ from zero, which requires the use of another stochastic model to describe the accumulation of this metal in beetroot
PHYSICAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF SOME SOILS FROM DOLJCOUNTY
Get PDFThe quantity and quality of yield is determined by the soil quality. The agriculture is one of the main human activities that affect soil quality. In Dolj, the agriculture occupies an important place in the economy of the County. The main soils found in DoljCounty were Chernozems and Luvisols. Several indicators are used to quantify the physical quality of the soil.
To assess soil physical quality, disturbed samples from each pedogenetic horizon were collected to analyse: particle size distribution, soil organic content, dispersion and macrohydrostability. Undisturbed samples were also collected (by using a core sampler), for: bulk density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, resistance to penetration determination. The degree of compaction, the packing density, the structural stability index as well as the structural instability index were obtained by calculation. The results showed that according to the degree of compaction values, both studied Luvisols (except ArenicLuvisols), and HyposodicCalcaro-calcic Chernozems and Haplic Chernozems with fine texture were severely compacted and required loosening works. Most of the studied horizons of Luvisols had low – extremely low permeability. With a few exceptions, the values of the resistance to penetration were medium. The HyposodicCalcaro-calcic Chernozems shows the highest values of structural instability index
PEDOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DEFINITIONS OF THE RESPECTIVE SOIL STRATA WHICH COULD BE ENCOUNTERED ALONG A SLOPE WITHIN THE VINEYARD OF DEALUL OLT - DRĂGĂȘANI UPON WHICH THE VINE KIND OF TĂMÂIOASĂ ROMÂNEASCĂ HAS BEEN PLANTED
Get PDFWithin the Drăgășani oenological realm could be encountered a multitude of soil types and this is the reason why these ought to be precisely identified and delimited so that should a new vine plantation be founded in there the most appropriate engraft-bearing vine kind could be eventually chosen. Our scientific research investigation has thus identified its most appropriate experimental site upon a slope endowed with a slant degree of 10% and at the surface of which a plantation of the TămâioasăRomânească vine kind has been established. Three types of soil had been therefore identified along this above mentioned slope: Pseudo-rendsinian proto-soil of anthropic origin (within the slope’s upside third part); Argillaceous brown illuvial slightly pseudo-glazed (within the slope’s middle third part); Type-casted brown eumeso-basic (within the slope’s downside third part). The purpose of the present work is thus the one of outlining the respectively pedological, physical and chemical features of these above mentioned soil types
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON THE WOODY VEGETATION OF THE MEHEDINTI PLATEAU GEOPARK
Get PDFIn the climatic conditions of the Mehedinți Plateau, the plant species of sub-Mediterranean origin have adapted to a certain duration and variation of the thermal and precipitation regime during the growing season, in correlation with their demands on temperature and humidity.The climatic disturbances observed in recent years (short periods with very abundant precipitation, very long periods of drought, springs with very low temperatures, at the limit of freezing), can create serious imbalances in these plants. From a phenological point of view, the plants started growing in 2021, at the beginning of April. In 2022, in the same period, the plants were still resting. Compared to the data from the spring and summer of 2021, in 2022 the water content of the leaves was lower and much lower values of the photosynthesis process were recorded. As a consequence, the growth rate was seriously affected. Young plants were more strongly affected than mature trees
RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME SUNFLOWER CULTIVATIONS IN THE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH AREA OF OLT COUNTY
Get PDFThe sunflower, unlike other phytotechnical plants, tolerates drought much better, this is primarily due to the better developed root system with a high capacity to absorb and solubilize water and nutrients from the soil, for a longer period of time, its ability to reduce evapotranspiration and, respectively, the possibility of a rapid return of the leaves to the state of turgor, but the production decreases proportionally to the intensity and duration of these processes. To achieve high performance, sunflower cultivars must have stable F1 heterosis, high seed oil content, high production capacity, short growing season, uniformity in average plant height, high resistance to agents pathogens. In the ecopedological conditions of the Bărăşti - Olt area, on a preluvosol type soil, research was carried out on a number of 6 hybrids: Favorit, Performer, Venus, Saturn, Alex, Vera, the production results highlighting their different adaptation to specific culture conditions. The highest yields were recorded for the Performer hybrid -3935 kg/ha and the Venus hybrid -3786 kg/ha. All hybrids achieved productions above 3000 kg/ha
STUDY REGARDING CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL TERRITORIAL PLANNING OF AN ARABLE LAND
Get PDFThe main objective pursued in this work was the concentration of agricultural land surfaces in optimally sized units in order to efficiently exploit natural and material resources. Thus, through this work, the organization and development of the territory for the area of 126.47 ha, arable use category, related to the locality of Amăraștii de Jos, Dolj county, located in the outskirts and under private administration, was carried out
INTEGRATION OF VÂLCEA COUNTY AT REGIONAL LEVEL IN TERMS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION (2015-2019)
Get PDFThe study follows and highlights the evolution of agricultural production at the level of Valcea County, in the context of the realities existing at national and regional level. In addition to the value of total agricultural production, according to existing data, its distribution by source of origin is also presented: crop production, livestock production and the agricultural services sector.
For Vâlcea County, the vegetal production is predominant – 60.41% (834,420.20 thousand lei compared to 1,381,239.60 thousand lei), followed by the animal production – 39.31% (543,015.20 thousand lei) and respectively the agricultural services – 0.28% (3,804.20 thousand lei) followed. At the county level, the variation amplitude of total agricultural production was 393,078 thousand lei, a value that represented 32.70% of the minimum level of the indicator (2016) and 24.64% compared to the maximum level (2019). For vegetable production, the registered amplitude reached 339,264 thousand lei, a level that represented 50.39% of the minimum term (2015) and was lower than the maximum term (2019) by 66.49%. In the case of livestock production, the amplitude of production variation was 72,190 thousand lei, a level that represented 14.25% of the value of the minimum term (2017) and 12.48% compared to the maximum term (2019). If we refer to agricultural services, there is a variation amplitude of the indicator of 3,506 thousand lei, a value that exceeded by 49.13% the minimum level of the indicator (2016) and represented 59.86% compared to the maximum level (2015)
SOME CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION OF FOOD PRICES AT NATIONAL LEVEL(2016-2020)
Get PDFThe paper seeks to present the evolution in dynamics of indices, consumer prices, for food products (milling and bakery products; fruits and canned fruits; vegetables and canned vegetables; oils and fats; eggs; meat, meat preparations and canned meat; fish and canned fish; milk and dairy products; sugar and sugary products, honey, alcoholic beverages, cocoa and coffee, other food products), at national level and at the same time makes a comparative look with the other groups of marketed products (non-food goods; services). For the period 2016-2020, there are variations in the average, consumer price indices (in the case of food products) from 100.95% for cocoa and coffee, to 105.62% in the case of eggs. The situation of the average levels of the consumer price index, by groups of products, it can be seen that the maximum level occurs in food products (103.23%), followed by the general level (102.43%), non-food goods (102.26%) and services (101.54%)