Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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BEHAVIOUR OF SOME APPLE VARIETIES, GRAFTED ON VEGETATIVE ROOTSTOCK IN THE ORCHARDS OF SOUTHERN ROMANIA
Get PDFThe increase of fruit production per hectare and the improvement of its quality can be achieved by the correct selection of the two partners x rootstocks, in accordance with the vegetative factors in the area. In order to choose and promote the most valuable rootstocks in the culture, it is necessary to differentiate the best rootstocks for each area of culture and variety, taking into account that rootstocks influence the entry of trees into bearing fruit stage, the vigor, the quantity and the quality of production.The study aimed at evaluating the behaviour of Florina and Red delicious varieties grafted on MM 104, MM 106 and MM 109 rootstocks in the specific pedoclimatic conditions in the south of Romania between 2016 and 2018 period. The MM 109 rootstock determines the higest increase in thickness during the first eight years after planting. The Red delicious variety grafted on MM104 and MM106 achieves a ratio between cuttings and rootstocks closer to 1 (per unit), compared to grafting on MM 109 rootstock. The root system of grafted trees on MM 109 shows a much greater development compared to the other two rootstocks, ensuring the trees a better anchorage in the soil. The higest number of active roots for the studied rootstocks within a radius of 1 m from the trunk, is at a depth of 20-40 cm, and the number of roots decreases with the depth. High quality fruits with a higher weight and size index were obtained on MM 104 and MM 106 rootstocks. Â
HALYOMORPHA HALYS STÃ…L (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) A NEW PEST FOR THE OLTENIA AREA
Get PDFThe marmorated Stinkbug (Halyomorpha halys) is an invasive, polyphagous species, native from Asia,spreading to both the U.S. and on the European Continent. It is a extremely dangerous species because as a result of the feeding process, on the host plant will appear scars, discoloured areas, deformed fruits, seeds or pods or abortion of the flowering buds, thus leading to a decrease in the quality of the fruit. This pestwas first seen in the "Al. Buia" Botanical Garden, as an adult on the Hybiscus syracus L., Paulownia tomentosa Thunb., Buxus sempervirens L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.,Solidago canadensis L. species. On the species Buxussem pervirens L. and Paulownia tomentosa ThunbIt has been found that it support the complete development of the species from egg to adult. Currently, Halyomorpha halys is found in all green spaces in Craiova
MICROBIAL INOCULANTS APPLIED AS SEED TREATMENTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON COMMON WHEAT Triticum aestivum L.
Get PDFWheat is considered the most wide spread culture in the world regarding the area harvested. In Romania, it is grown on approximately 25% of the arable land and 40% of the cereal grains. Improving wheat productivity and yield quality is a continuous concern. Therefore, plant growth promoting microorganisms with biocontrol potential are of great interest for the farmers. In the present, five beneficial microorganisms, bacteria and fungi, were analysed as agro-inoculants. Their effect on wheat germination and growth initiation was evaluated in vitro. According to the biometric analysis best results were obtained when using Azospirillum brassilense and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains, although Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Bacillus endophyticus also improved wheat vigour indexes, compared to the untreated control. However, B. endophyticus 1T2 strain delayed the germination process. The dual culture assay performed against Fusarium graminearum, revealed that three strains B.amyloliquefaciens OS17, BW, and T.pseudokoningii Td85, have also biocontrol potential
STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE TURNOVER OF R.N.P. ROMSILVA (2015-2017)
Get PDFThe forest is a basic component of the environment, without which human life and not only cannot be conceived, fulfilling the role of its improvement and preservation. The forest is designed to provide a rich range of products with an undisputed economic value to the human. It is not only the woody mass and the other products of the forest, including: game, fish, berries, edible mushrooms, herbs, resin, tanning substances, etc. National forestry Director – Romsilva is a legal person, headquartered in the municipality of Bucharest and operates on economic management and financial autonomy, exercising also public service tasks, with specific forestry and horse Authority accordance with the provisions of the organization and functioning regulation – approved by Government decision. The specific legal basis under which the National Forestry Director-Romsilva operates and is organized, are Law No. 46/2008 (Silvic code) and HG No. 229/2009 on reorganization of the National Forest Registry – Romsilva. National Forestry Director – Romsilva represents a strategic unit at national level through the range of activities it carries out, thanks to its role in the national economy. During the period analyzed (2015-2017) It is noted that the component indicators of the turnover in the natural expression recorded differentiated developments: ascending – The volume of the recovered woody mass and the amount of forest seeds ; Fluctuating – the quantities of berries and truffles and other edible mushrooms, respectively; Descending – Number of forestry and ornamental puffs in forestry nursery
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PROCESSES OF HARVESTING AND PRIMARY PROCESSING OF GREEN HEMP STALKS
Get PDFHemp (Canabis sativa L. - industrial hemp) is the industrial plant most widely used in the industry, and from this plant everything is used. The products obtained from hemp are of a great variety, from the common rope to the medicinal or cosmetic substances, textiles, automotive or construction materials. As demands for fibre appeared on the hemp market, farmers and researchers from research centres in our country want to make machines that allow them to harvest and process the stalks while green. Coming to their support, the article presents aspects related to the optimal conditions for harvesting hemp stalks for processing and to establish the main characteristics of the cutting devices of the harvesting machines. The paper presents the Equipment for harvesting green hemp stalks, equipment that performs sequential harvesting of hemp stalks leaving them organised on the ground. At the same time, the technological scheme for harvesting green hemp stalks and its advantages are presented
Romanian balance for peas in international context (2011-2013)
Get PDFThe forest is a basic component of the environment, without which human life and not only cannot be conceived, fulfilling the role of its improvement and preservation. The forest is designed to provide a rich range of products with an undisputed economic value to the human. It is not only the woody mass and the other products of the forest, including: game, fish, berries, edible mushrooms, herbs, resin, tanning substances, etc. National forestry Director – Romsilva is a legal person, headquartered in the municipality of Bucharest and operates on economic management and financial autonomy, exercising also public service tasks, with specific forestry and horse Authority accordance with the provisions of the organization and functioning regulation – approved by Government decision. The specific legal basis under which the National Forestry Director-Romsilva operates and is organized, are Law No. 46/2008 (Silvic code) and HG No. 229/2009 on reorganization of the National Forest Registry – Romsilva. National Forestry Director – Romsilva represents a strategic unit at national level through the range of activities it carries out, thanks to its role in the national economy. During the period analyzed (2015-2017) It is noted that the component indicators of the turnover in the natural expression recorded differentiated developments: ascending – The volume of the recovered woody mass and the amount of forest seeds ; Fluctuating – the quantities of berries and truffles and other edible mushrooms, respectively; Descending – Number of forestry and ornamental puffs in forestry nursery
RESULTS REGARDING THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE SPECIES CYDALIMA PERSPECTALIS WALKER
Get PDFCydalima perspectalis Walk. became one of the most dangerous pests of Buxussp., after hatching, the larvae are feeding without control with the leaves of this shrub, a powerful attack will lead to complete defoliation or even death of the host plant. For chemical control of this pest the following products were used: Calypso 480 SC 0,02% (Tiacloprid 480 g/l), Nurelle D 50/500 EC 0,2% (Cipermetrin 50 g/l + 500 g/l clorpirifos), Karate Zeon 0,2% (50 g/l lambda-cihalotrin), Mavrik 2 F 0,2% (Tau-fluvalinat 240 g/L). The treatments occurred on 15.07.2019 in the "Al. Buia" Botanical Garden, the level of infestation at the treated plants was very high, development stage of the larvae being L4, L5 and L6. The evolution of effectiveness was monitored at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. After the determination of frequency of the attack caused by Cydalima perspectalis, at the control variant by the frequency of attack is 90%. After applying the 4 treatments, the most efficient product in combating thispest prove to be Nurelle D 50/500 EC with 98,70% effectiveness, followed by Karate Zeon with 98.40%, Mavrik 2F with 98.10% and Fury 10 EC with 96.00% effectiveness
THE ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THROUGH AFFORESTATION OF MONASTERY VALLEY DUMP WITH THE OF 226 HA, RESULTED BY THE SURFACE MINING
Get PDFThe Monastery Valey Dump has an area of 226 ha, the afforestation of this landfill was done in the autumn of 2009 using the afforestation composition 100 Sc (Salcâm –Robinia pseudacacia), the planting scheme: 2 x 1 (2 m between rows and 1 m between rows in a row ). Before carrying out the afforestation works were carried out preparation of the land: the cutting of the grassy vegetation, on approximately 108 ha, the plowing of the land in the sections with low slope, the two-way discussion in the sections covered with plowing. installed the test markets of circular shape of 200 sqm, 226 test markets, in order to determine the catch percentage in the spring of 2010. The catch rate in the spring of 2010 was 77.63%, according to the inventory made in the test markets. Due to the drought during the summer, there were losses among the seedlings of about 10% of the planted area. During 2010, 2011 , 2012 and 2013 were carried out maintenance work of the plantations, consisting of two seedlings and a decomposition each year of vegetation. At the annual control, in the autumn of 2013, the success rate of the plantation was 56.4%. It should be mentioned that on the valley of the Monastery Valley, in micro-depressions, where the water is stagnant, the acacia tree became dry, and in its place were introduced into biogrups, species tolerant to the humidity demand: - ash - Fraxinus excelsior L., poplar white - Populus alba L., black poplar, cork - Populus nigra L. Although some plantations on these dumps studied are of the same age, the dimensions of these trees vary depending on the conditions of competition between individuals, depending on the biotic factors and abiotics
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH REGARDING THE NOXES ELIMINATED IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF DIFFERENT ASSORTMENTS OF COMPOUND FEED FOR BROILER CHICKENS
Get PDFThe production of different types of compound feed involves a complex technological flow, with operations during which are used steam jets at high temperatures which cause the elimination in the air of some noxes that must be permanently controlled.In this article is done a theoretical analysis of the methods of measuring the different species of noxes which are released in the atmosphere during the production of compound feeds and it is studied ways of implementation an automated system for measuring the emissions of noxes resulting during these technological processes. Given that the need to protect the environment is an essential condition in approving the functioning of the compound feed factories, the objective of this article is to present some of the results of the experimental measurements regarding the emissions eliminated in the air during the technological flow
USING SUNFLOWER WILD SPECIES TO IMPROVE RESISTANCE OF CULTIVATED SPECIE TO THE PARASITE BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.)
Get PDFThe parasitic plant Orobanche cumana (broomrape) is the most important biotic constraint to the production of sunflower, in all countries around the word. The aim of our study was evaluation of populations of some wild Helianthus species to broomrape populations that are highly virulent in Romania. All resistant interspecific population derived from crosses with annual specie Helianthus debilis and perennial specie Helianthus maximiliani. Testing of this interspecific populations indicate the possibility to obtain sources of resistance to broomrape populations present in Romania, but also in countries situated around Black Sea region