Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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NEW VARIETIES OF APPLES WITH GENETIC DISEASE RESISTANCE, OBTAINED AT VOINESTI DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH STATION FOR FRUIT GROWING
Get PDFThe research carried out at Voinesti research-development station for fruit growing, considered highlighting the performance characteristics of some apple varieties with genetic resistance to diseases, approved in the period 2004 - 2020.
The vigour of growth in the 10th year of the trees, grafted on the M.9 rootstock, is well defined by the trunk circumference, which records values between 14.9cm for the Cezar variety and 18.4cm for the Redix variety. The volume of the crown calculated per surface unit, at the plot of 2,857 trees/ha, was 6,520 mc/ha for the Brumar variety, being of low-medium vigour, and 8,800 mc/ha for the Redix varieties, being more vigorous.
The productivity during the full fruiting period of the 10 apple varieties with genetic resistance to diseases, cultivated in a high density system, was between 28 - 45t/ha, the most productive being the Iris, Real, Remar, Valery, Brumar and Cezar varieties with productions of over 35 t/ha. The biomass of the fruits was between 155 and 180g, smaller fruits being recorded in the varieties Iris, Inedit, Voinicel and Revidar and larger in the varieties Cezar, Valery, Remar and Redix with fruits over 170g that correspond to market requirements. The apple varieties approved at SCDP Voinesti between 2004 and 2020 meet the demands of the producer, sensitive to economic efficiency, with high production potential, with quality fruits, which will certainly meet the ever-growing consumer demands
THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.) ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM SOUTH-WEST OF ROMANIA
Get PDFThe highbush blueberry was introduced to Romania by Prof. Nicolae Stefan in 1968. The first plantations were concentrated in the area of the hilly hills, so in the 80s years the cultivated area in Romania amounted to approximately 300 ha, but in the 90s years it decreased to only 60 ha. With the beginning of the new National Rural Development Programme 2014-2020, and allocation of European funds for the fruit growing, the blueberry crop became even better. In the present in Romania are about 1000 ha with blueberry orchard distributed in the mountain and hilly areas. Starting from 2019, at Dăbuleni Research & Development Station for Plant Cultivation on Sandy Soils, on a soil with a pH of 6.36, studies began on the behaviour of high bush blueberry in the plain area. An experimental plot with the Duke, Nelson and Patriot cultivars was established; the plants were planted on raised beds covered with polypropylene mulch fabric (Agrotextile). Drip irrigation was provided under the mulch. Following the studies carried out in the 2020-2022 period, the Patriot cultivar stood out with an average fruit weight of 2.65 g/fruit and a production in the 4th year after planting by the 3.2 t/ha. The Duke variety recorded the highest value of fruit vitamin C content (13.11 mg) versus to the other studied cultivars
STUDY REGARDING EXCESS MOISTURE LANDS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARRANGEMENTS TO REMOVE IT
Get PDFThis paper presents the evolution of the surfaces arranged with works to combat excess humidity, over a 24 years' period, namely, from 1997 until 2021. The surface area of dissication and drainage works was 358,000 ha in 1944, and this increased progressively to 3,224,600 ha in 1989. In 2007, the total area of land used for the removal of moisture excess was 3198803 ha, and during the years under study, it decreased by approximately 46000 ha over 10 years and by approximately 50,000 ha over 24 years, from which it can be concluded that the largest decrease was recorded over the period from 1997 to 2007. Drainage and desiccation studies are necessary in the perspective of implementing sustainable agriculture in relation to both the need to conserve water and soil resources and the challenges of climate change.  
THE EFFICIENCYOF THE NUTRIENT DOSES WITH SEVERAL CROPS IN FUNCTION OF THE SOIL SUPPLY
Get PDFFrom a surface of about 50 ha, located in District Olt, there have been taken soil samples on 0-20 cm depth and there were made agrochemical analyses. In function of the results of the analyses there were calculated the fertilizer doses N, P, K, active ingredients, for the fertilization of the, wheat, corn, sunflower and oil seed rape.  
STUDY ON THE QUALITY OF THE AGRITOURISM ACTIVITY PRACTICED IN A PENSION IN RÂNCA-GORJ
Get PDFIn the study carried out by the research team, the first part presents the analysis of the conditions of settlement and accessibility in the area and of the main natural and anthropogenic agrotourism resources in the Rânca-Gorj area, which contribute decisively to attracting tourists to the resort. From the analysis carried out it was found that it has a rich natural and anthropic tourist potential that is not capitalized at a maximum level, because during the off-season, i.e., the warm period, the flow of tourists from the area is much lower than during the period conducive to the practice winter sports. This aspect emerges very clearly from the analysis of the data entered in tables 1-8 and figure 1, where a considerable reduction in the number of tourists and overnight stays, as well as the occupancy rate of the boarding house under study, can be observed during this period. Also, from the analysis of the data in these tables, it was concluded that efficient and modern management is practiced at the guesthouse, which has led to the preservation of a high level of quality of services offered to tourists, even during the difficult period of the pandemic
CUCUJUS CINNABERINUS (SCOPOLI, 1774) (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE) IN ROSCI0045 CORIDORUL JIULUI, ROMANIA
Get PDFThe protection of the Natura 2000 species Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1774), protected by Romanian and European legislation, requires knowledge of distribution, threats and conservation status. In Romania the species is protected in only 9 Natura 2000 areas of the 442 SCI declared until 2021. All the protected areas in which the species is mentioned are located along the Carpathian Arch except ROSCI0135 Pădurea Bârnova – Repedea located in the Central Moldavian Plateau. The identification of the species in ROSCI0045 Coridorul Jiului brings new data about the distribution of the species and its conservation status. Observations on the species in larval stage were made by direct searches in specific habitats in the protected area. In the months of May, August and September 2022, Cucujus cinnaberinus was identified in several points along the protected area: Dăbuleni on poplar wood in the Danube River meadow, Foișor on poplar wood in the Jiului meadow, Bratovoești in ploplar wood of the former channels of the meanders Jiului River, Calopăr on ash wood from the Dâlga valley and Turburea on alder wood in the Gilortului meadow. The identification of Cucujus cinnaberinus Natura 2000 species requires further monitoring at the site and the implementation of appropriate protection and conservation measures
THE INFLUENCE OF PRE-HARVEST TREATMENTS ON FRUITS QUALITY OF APPLE CULTIVARS (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.)
Get PDFApples fruit quality is mainly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Various possible pomological approaches are able to improve fruit quality and market value. Among these, techniques of fruit bagging and summer pruning have become an integral part of pomological practises in many countries, because it is a safe and eco-friendly technique to protect fruits from multiple stresses, preserving or improving the overall quality. The bagging consists essentially of enclosing a young fruit in a cardboard bag. Isolating the fruit from the external environment protects it during development from mechanical or biotic damage, especially in regions where fruits are prone to attacks by fungi, bacteria, insects and even birds. The expected increasing fruit skin color in comparison to non-bagged fruits can therefore correspond either to a reduction or an increase in color or even a greater homogeneity of the color itself.
The aim of this research was to determine how the application of post-harvest aids affects the quality of fruits and storage capacity of three cultivars of late-ripening apples (Breaburn, Fuji and Pink Lady). Applying summer pruning and covering apple fruits with cardboard bags has a positive effect on increasing the surface of the complementary color on the skin of the fruit.In addition, the influence of these measures on the physical and chemical properties of the fruits after harvest and storage for a period of four months was examined. The experiment was set up in 2019 in a completely randomized design with five replications in the nine leaves old orchards of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade. The used pre-harvest treatments influenced the increase in yield, fruit firmness, and chemical composition. The summer pruning of branches four weeks before harvesting significantly improve percentage of fruit skin color to all examined cultivars, while bagging of fruits only had increased of fruit skin to cultivar Breaburn.
 
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME MIXTURES OF PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES AND LEGUMES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEMPORARY MEADOWS IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF OLTENIA
Get PDFThe establishment of temporary meadows is not a new problem, but it has been the subject of long researches. When achieving this objective, a mixture of perennial species must be taken into account that corresponds from the point of view of the pedo-climatic zone, the technical and economic possibilities, the purpose and the duration designed. (Vidican Roxana and al. 2002). Our research shows that complex mixtures of perennial species (grasses and legumes) are the most suitable for establishing temporary meadows. For the S.C.D.A. experimentation area Şimnic Craiova the mixture consisting of Medicago sativa 40% + Dactylis glomerata 20% + Festucaarundinacea 20% + Loliumperenne 20%, achieved substantial harvest productions, namely 8,7-9 t/ha s.u
RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN(PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) TO UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS IN BULGARIA
Get PDFCommon bean rust, caused by Uromycesappendiculatus, is one of the most devastating diseases in common bean. Breeding for resistant cultivars is the most effective and eco-friendly method for disease control. Although there is no targeted breeding program in Bulgaria to create resistant cultivars to the pathogen, periodic screening of the virulent diversity of U. appendiculatus and sources of resistance to the identified races/pathotypes is carried out. During the last twenty years, four investigations were made to estimate virulence diversity in pathogen population. Eleven U. appendiculatus races (20-0, 20-1, 20-2, 20-3, 20-19, 29-0, 29-1, 28-1, 52-3, 20-16 and 20-18) are identified, distributed in Rhodope mountains and North Bulgaria. Chronologically each of the studies was accompanied or followed by a screening for sources of resistance to the pathogen under field conditions. Еach study found different numbers of resistant accessions depending on the virulent potential of the population used. In three of the studies, cultivars that showed resistant phenotype under field conditions were screened against a set of races, distributed in the country in the same time, under greenhouse. Bulgarian cultivar ‘Beslet’ showed resistant reaction under field and greenhouse in all investigation. The resistance of the cultivar to races 20-1 and 20-19 is governed by a single dominant gene. This cultivar can be successfully used in a breeding program for race-specific resistance. Fifty accessions with race-nonspecific resistance, expressed by low disease intensity and resistant/susceptible infection type, are identified in two investigations under field conditions
PERFORMANCE OF SOME ROMANIAN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS UNDER ORGANIC AGRICULTURE CONDITIONS I. GRAIN YIELD
Get PDFIn order to identify wheat cultivars most suitable for cultivation in organic agriculture, we tested 16 Romanian winter wheat cultivars in yield tests organized in South Romania at Fundulea and Valului Traian during 2019-2022. Most of the yield variation was due to the variation of environmental conditions, but cultivars also had a significant effect. Older cultivars yielded less than modern ones, and highest average grain yields were obtained in the most recently registered cultivars, Ursita and FDL Abund. Genetic progress for yield achieved in breeding programs performed in conventional agriculture conditions was also reflected in the cultivars’ performance under organic agriculture.