Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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CONSIDERATIONS ON THE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEPARATING FRUIT SEEDS WITH APPLICATIONS ON THE SEPARATION OF SEABUCKTHORN PULP FROM SEEDS
Get PDFSea-buckthorn is a shrub fruit whose benefits have been known since antiquity. The whole plant is considered medicinal by specialists in the field, but the most active part is the sea-buckthorn fruit because it has a beneficial effect on the entire human body and more recently on animal breeding. A high-value by-product is sea-buckthorn oil, which is currently gaining traders` attention at international level and which is obtained from both fruit and pomace resulting from the extraction of juice (shells and seeds). This paper presents some representative technolo-gies and installations used for fruit processing in general, technologies that will be the basis for the realization by INMA Bucharest of a technical equipment for separating sea-buckthorn pulp from the seeds
THREE MAIN PATHOGENS THAT AFFECT APPLES DURING STORAGE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON FRUITS QUALITY
Get PDFThe postharvest pathogens that infect apples during storage period affect fruits quality and lead to important economic losses worldwide every year. Three appreciated apple varieties (Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Starkimson) have been evaluated for the incidence of main storage pathogens that operate in fruits (Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena) and their impact on fruits quality. The results emphasized negative correlation between water content and dry matter for all apple varieties affected by storage pathogens. Despite the fact that were not significant differences between apple varieties, Golden Delicious has been recorded the lowest water content (74,62% for fruits affected by Penicillium expansum, 77,87% for fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea and 74,68% for fruits affected by Monilinia fructigena) and highest dry matter (24,63% for fruits affected by Penicillium expansum, 25,38% for fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea and 21,86% for fruits affected by Monilinia fructigena). Potassium and Phosphorus content decreased, while Iron content increased for all apple varieties affected by pathogens. The sugar content decreased with almost 20% for apple fruits, the lowest values for all varieties have been recorded in case of Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena attack. The highest raw protein values have been determined to all apple varieties affected by Monilinia fructigena (Golden Delicious 0,69g, Jonathan 0,89g and Starkimson 0,52g). The study revealed that apple quality during storage depends on the variety susceptibility, postharvest fruit health, fruit mineral composition, fungal inoculum and storage conditions
INVASIVE AND POTENTIALLY INVASIVE ALOGEN PLANTS IN THE URBAN AND PERIURBAN ZONES OF OLTENIA
Get PDFFloristic research on this category of plants was started with some observations made under a research contract whose main objective was the complex study of anthropophilial flora in the main cities of Oltenia. The results obtained led us to monitor this category of plants to observe their evolution in the habitats in which they are installed.Following numerous movements made in recent years, a floristic inventory of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the urban and periurban areas of Oltenia, totaling 64 taxa, has been compiled. If it relates to the total number of species in this category with area on the territory of our country, we can say that 50% of them prefer urban and periurban places.If we add to the above the aggressiveness of some species and the presence of taxa of concern to the European Union (e.g. Ailanthus altissima and Asclepias syriaca), we can say that careful monitoring of invasive and potentially invasive plants is more than necessary. A first step would be to limit the expansion of the anthropogenic factor.    Â
THE INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCK ON THE PHENOLOGICAL ASPECT FOR SOME APPLE TREE VARIETIES
Get PDFThe behaviour of apple tree varieties in various regions is different both because of the climate and soil conditions and becauseof the affinity between the two partners variety-rootstock.The varieties should have high production qualities, very good compatibilities with rootstocks on certain soils, high resistance to particular diseases and pests. The presence of annual branches within the tree crown is important since it provides the fruit continuity, respectively the production continuity. The Tenroy variety was characterised by fewer annual branches, therefore the tree vigour was smaller. The annual branches should be 30-60 cm long; better percentages were registered for Generos (26,0%), Florina (22,2%) and Romus 1 (21,6%).There is a correlation between the number of shoots and their length during the tree growing process. For Romus 1 and Florina varieties, the shoot length was smaller, but the shoot number was higher. We noticed a higher percentage of fruit formation for Jonagold 60 %, then for Tenroy 41 % and Romus 1- 40 %. We noticed the highest percentage of developed fruit out of the total open flowers at early ripening varieties. The fruit development lasted between 65 and 90 days. We noticed a shorter time of fruit development for the Romus 1 variety (65 days) and a longer time for the Tenroy variety (90 days). The fruit development within the analysed varieties presents an ascendency, then a development maximum, and finally a slowdown followed by the end of the development.In the southern area, in order to provide large fruit supplies, we may keep in range the following varieties: Romus 1, Florina, Jonagold and Generos
THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS AND FOREST SITES IN THE TURKEY OAK AND HUNGARIAN OAK STANDS OF OLTENIA PLAIN
Get PDFThe main objective of this study is represented by the analysis of the Turkey Oak and Hungarian Oak stands in the Oltenia Plain, considering the edaphic and site conditions, based on the data from the forest management plan. This analysis was possible as the forest management plans describe the forested lands and they also realize a very detailed description of the forest stand, which is an homogenous land surface from a site point of view. The study researched, based on a large amount of data from the forest management plans, the edaphic and site conditions in the Oltenia Plain, reflected by the forest soil types and subtypes, as well as the site types on which the Turkey Oak and Hungarian Oak stands grow. Thus, it was observed that the soil types on which the Turkey Oak and Hungarian Oak stands in the Oltenia Plain are growing belong mostly to luvisols (80%), of which the majority are reddish luvisols and reddish-vertic luvisols, both with 24%. The great diversity of the geomorphological, geological, climate and soil conditions which describe the studied area (Oltenia Plain) led to the identification of 13 forest site types, grouped into two physio-climatic regions (forest plain and forest steppe). The most common forest site types are : Forest plain of Turkey Oak-Hungarian Oak Pm, brown and reddish brown podzolic, diverse pseudogleyzed middle edaphic (code 8.3.1.2.), which represents about 36 %, followed by Forest plain, podzolic pseudogleyzed III/III-II, with 31%. It was also observed that superior index forest sites represent more than half of the studied area (55%), the middle index forest sites represent 32 %, while the inferior index forest sites represent 13 %
INTELIGENT SYSTEMS USED IN MODERN AGRICULTURE
Get PDFDigital agriculture is the perfect integration of digital technologies in crop and animal management and other agricultural processes. For farmers, digital farming offers the opportunity to increase production, save long-term costs and eliminate risk. Agricultural researchers see it as a data collection tool that has the ability to simplify data collection and analysis, improving predictive skills when it comes to crop management, animal behavior and production. A digital agricultural system is a database that includes not only different types of data relevant to agriculture, from soil conditions to market assessment, but also optimal decision-making functions that help to take the best measures in a series of processes. The paper presents a brief summary of new technologies in agriculture
STUDY ON THE USE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT
Get PDFThe study we propose will help to identify funding needs for the future programming period, as well as to highlight the contribution of investments from various sources of funding to human resource development in the region, in the programming period 2021 - 2027. The study will develop an updated, detailed and exhaustive analysis of the development of human resources in the rural environment in the SV Oltenia region taking into account previous funding, current legislation, institutions involved in the field and previous actions implemented in the region. Based on the interpretation of the data that characterize the current situation, the real development needs of this field will be identified. Based on these, both priorities and measures that could contribute to the development of rural human resources will be identified and described
ANALYSIS OF THE STAGES NECESSARY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN OBJECTIVE TAKEN OVER IN CONCESSION, FROM A TOPO-CADASTRAL POINT OF VIEW
Get PDFWithin the present work, a study was carried out regarding the concession of a building belonging to the Municipality of Cluj-Napoca, in order to dismantle it resulting in 32 plots and the access road to them, in order to authorize the construction works of 32 dwellings for young people. The notion of drawing represents the application on the field of the topographical elements known or extracted by calculation from the construction projects, elements that define a projected construction to be transposed or executed in the field. The field application of construction projects is aimed at ensuring compliance with the design and size of constructions and their components, as well as their absolute position, in a coordinate system. From the succession of constructive stages necessary for the construction of an objective, the materialization on the ground of the basic, main, and secondary axes of the construction and the materialization of the ±0.00 m elevation are detached. The law provides that the execution of construction works is allowed only on the basis of a building permit that is issued following a project called a Topographic Plan for obtaining the building permit
CURRENT STATE CONCERNING THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOST EQUIPMENT. A REVIEW
Get PDFGlobally, in recent years, attempts have been made to move towards organic farming by eliminating the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. To increase soil fertility, more and more natural, biodegradable fertilizers are used. Composting is a naturally controlled process, in which beneficial microorganisms, bacteria, and fungi, turn waste into a finite, fertilizer and soil hardener, which can be considered the enemy of soil pathogens. By decomposing and stabilizing organic substances during fermentation under the action of microorganisms, by biological degradation, the organic material is transformed into a humus-like material. The main purpose of waste composting technologies is to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste, to store it in environmentally friendly conditions and, finally, to reintroduce the finished product, which is compost, into the economic circuit.This paper aims to present the current state concerning the construction of organic compost equipment, but also the advantages and disadvantages of each equipment /machinery.Â
ENERGY PLANTS ALTERNATIVE TO FUTURE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
Get PDFReplacing fossil fuels with alternative renewable energy sources is a very current issue worldwide. The development of energy plant (lingo-cellulosic) crops represents the promising solution, for the future production of biofuels in order to produce renewable energy and replace fossil fuels. For the implementation of energy crops were elaborated a series of technologies and technical equipment that respond to the requirements of these crops. The paper addresses these technologies, technical equipment and technologies for valorizing energy crops