Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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WEED CHEMICAL CONTROL ON VINEYARS
Get PDFThe vine is a perennial crop that can be infested with a large number of annual and perennial, monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed species. The damage caused by weeds to vines refers to competition from factors of vegetation, light, water, minerals, as well as the increased incidence of diseases such as blight, powdery mildew and gray rot. Weed control in the vine culture is a very important work can be done mechanically and chemically. Carrying out the autumn plowing is a mandatory work because it creates a superficial layer of loose soil, with large spaces, which determines the retention of water in the soil, at the disposal of the vine. The annual weeds are very well controlled by plowing, the seeds of which are buried in depth, thus contributing to the decrease of the degree of weeding. Perennial weeds, such as Bermuda grass, Johnson grass, field bindweed and field thistle cannot be combated by soil works because they multiply through vegetative organs. The use of herbicides on vines is beneficial because they increase production efficiently by reducing the cost of mechanical weed control. However, the application of easily leached soil herbicides can cause serious damage through root uptake and translocation to above-ground organs, including in combat. To avoid these problems, it is recommended to apply film-forming herbicides, which are very strongly absorbed on the soil surface, which does not leach into the soil and thus does not translocate into the vine plant. Such active substances act on the soil surface by stopping the emergence of weeds from the surface layer of the soil. Also, post-emergent antimonocotyledonous herbicides can be applied in the early phase of vine growth, which can control annual and perennial monocotyledonous weeds, having the advantage that they can be metabolized in the vine plant
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE BIODIVERISTY OF CORYLUS GENUS
Get PDFClimate changes have a huge impact on the ecosystems biodiversity changing the relationship among species, which react individually. In Romania, hazelnut (Corylus genus) is a vulnerable species due to its high genetical vulnerability, which require special attention. Thus, recently has been recorded an increased demand for turkish hazelnut for its ecological and economical importance. It has a rapid growth rate, large root system and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic constrainers (pest and diseases, low temperatures, etc.). Moreover it has pharmaceutical benefits, while his fruits has a high oil content. The climate changes induce changes in the species diversity in specific areas and let the door open for new species as an adaptability pattern. Â
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON DEHYDRATION OF SOME SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Get PDFA good tradition has been formed among Romanians regarding the preservation by drying of some important vegetables and fruits, such as plums, apples, bean pods, mushrooms, carrots, etc. In the peasant households the drying was done naturally, using solar heat, so that the conservation costs were quite low. The transition to the elimination of surplus water from vegetables and fruits by controlled dehydration, in high-capacity technical equipment, has proved beneficial for the possibility of storing and using products thus preserved for long periods, especially in winter and spring, when fresh products are rarer and more expensive even when the human body needs more of their contents. Technologies for preserving plant products by dehydration must be constantly improved in order to increase the quality of products, reduce nutrient losses, increase the safety and efficiency of technical equipment, etc. The experiments aimed at clearly defining the stages of dehydration technologies, with convective dryer, respectively in microwave controlled regime, of some species and varieties of fruits and vegetables, in order to eliminate the chemical processes of inactivation of oxidative enzymes and the application of strict green treatments
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF ARIZONA AND BELLAROSA POTATO VARIETIES
Get PDFThe potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the nightshade family. They are edible, rich in starch so they are used in human nutrition in various forms, serve as animal feed, but can also be used as a raw material in various industries (Toader and Roman, 2014). Originally from South America, more precisely from the Andes Mountains region, potatoes are the 4th largest source of food energy after corn, rice and wheat (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria_cartofului_%C3%AEn_imperiul_inca%C8%99). At maturity, the tubers have a dry matter composed of 70% starch, 2-4% cellulose, 2.5% pectins, 0.5-2% reducing carbohydrates and 0.5-1% sugars (Berindei, 1984). The objective was represented by the study of two potato varieties, namely Arizona (white potato) and Bellarosa (red potato) grown on two different plots analyzing both their productivity and profitability, both being two early varieties. The crops were studied during the entire vegetation period, also following the economic analysis and implicitly the profit of each variety. The first determination was related to planting density, respectively to the number of nests per hectare. All the technological works that were undertaken within the studied plots were noted, the vegetation phases from the moment of execution of each work with the help of the BBCH scale, the consumption of materials, time and fuel that each intervention involved. In the end, we also found out the costs of the works performed in order to be able to establish the profit obtained from the sale of each variety in order to be able to establish which of the two is more profitable. Prior to harvesting, two sets of samples representing 10 potato nests were extracted from the two plots in order to analyze the productivity of each variety. These determinations were performed under laboratory conditions and involved the following: number of tubers / nest, weight of tubers / nest (g), stem height (cm), largest tuber / nest (g), smallest tuber / nest (g), their diameter in section (cm)
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIATED FERTILIZATION ON SOIL AND FODDER PRODUCTION OBTAINED ON GRASSLANDS IN THE MOUNTAIN AREA
Get PDFThe paper highlights the evolution of soil fertility and fodder production in the mountain area with poor quality land for agricultural and horticultural practice, being necessary to take ameliorative measures regarding the delimitation of optimal and risk areas and implementation of differentiated soil fertilization systems to achieve superior qualitative and quantitative productions.The soils in the mountain area are usually covered with natural forests and grasslands and the physical and chemical properties of each type of soil in the mountain area are in accordance with the solification factors. Cultivating these lands consolidates or modifies certain characteristics of fertility for these soils both as a result of anthropogenic interventions and as an impact effect of particular climatic or vegetation properties. The objective of the research presented in this paper is the effect of differentiated organic and organo-mineral fertilization on the quantitative and qualitative achievement of fodder production and the change of the main agrochemical indices of the soil in mountain area, without disturbing the environment.Maintaining and improving the biodiversity of grasslands is a strategic goal for the mountain area, as agri-environment and climate measures reflect this within the European Union. In this sense, the experiments were located in the mountain area on an Agrostis capillaris type grassland with Festuca rubra, on a eumezobasic and eutricambosoil soil type, with a high clay and skeleton content as well as a small edaphic volume with low fertility.The importance, originality and novelty of these experiments in the agronomic field, are due to problems still unresolved today, in terms of fertilization combinations, by implementing a soil fertilization system and ecological protection to maintain and increase the content of organic matter in the soil, in accordance to climatic specifics of the mountain area and to the requirements of nutrient consumption of fodder species, in order to achieve quantitative and qualitative fodder production
SURVEYING AND MAPPING OF UNDERGROUND MINES
Get PDFA mine surveyor provides services from early design and project implementation throughout a mine`s life to closure. Surveyors deal in spatially referenced information and measure angles and distances to document the positions of mining features and boundaries, and present the information in the form of mine maps.In an underground mine, surveys are typically performed in dark, confined and often wet spaces, and special equipment and methods have had to be developed to comply with underground safety regulations. Deep mine surveys must be performed in 3 D and underground and surface surveys must be correlated. Underground surveys are performed at different levels of precision
TEMPERATURE-BASED CLIMATE INDICATORS RELEVANT FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN OLTENIA
Get PDFWe present an analysis of changes of several thermal-based climate indicators relevant for agriculture in the context of climate changes for the near-future (2021-2040), aiming to highlight the extremes of these changes. To this end, we use bias-corrected results of climate projections performed with 5 regional climate models in the context of RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios at European scale, available from Joint Research Centre (https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/jrc-liscoast-10011). We firstly identify the models` simulations which lead to the lowest increase in the mean air temperature at national scale in the context of RCP45 scenario and respectively to the highest increase, in the RCP85 scenario. We further use these instances to estimate the changes in 5 temperature-based indicators which are relevant for the agriculture sector. The indices characterize the bounding seasons (i.e. heating degree days) or are more specifically oriented for the growing season (i.e. Growing degree days; Winkler index).The target area is Oltenia, a region situated in the SW of the country and an important agricultural basin, which is analyzed in the context of changes over the entire territory. The results may provide additional elements for further studies focusing on the impact of climate change and adaptation solutions in this region
RESEARCH OF THE MAIN PROCESSING WORKS FOR ESTABLISHING A JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE CROP ON DIFFICULT AND CONTAMINATED SOILS
Get PDFJerusalem artichoke, is a technical plant that have some special features which make it suitable to be cultivated on degraded and difficult soils. However, processing difficult lands can cause major problems for farmers, in terms of using the right technology and reducing investment costs. The paper aim to address to the main challenges faced in preparing the soil for a Jerusalem artichoke culture, in order to maximize the productivity and efficiency
STUDY REGARDING THE PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION NECESSARY TO MODERNIZE THE ROAD THAT CROSSES THE BUCOVAT-LEAMNA, DOLJ AGROTURISTIC AREA
Get PDFThe work aims to carry out topo-cadastral surveys for the design of rehabilitation and modernization works of the county road that crosses the Bucovăţ-Leamna agrotourism area, near the city of Craiova, which is in full development and evolution. For the field application of all lifting works, a state-of-the-art modern equipment such as GPS technology and total stations was used, and the combined method GPS-Total Stations was used as the surveying method. Their use has led to relevant results in terms of the efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness of such a surveying project. Also, for the data processing, the method of transferring the data measured in the field, from the topographic devices directly to the computer, with the help of special programs was used, after which they were processed automatically obtaining the absolute coordinates of the points with the precision required by the beneficiary, in compliance with all legal requirements, applied to such works. The points were represented with the AutoCad program, obtaining the location and delimitation plan for each large-scale road body, which allows the designer to perform the design work in great detail, with great fidelity and precision. At the same time, it ensures a very high precision of tracing and execution of all the rehabilitation and modernization works of the studied road, of great local and county interest
RESEARCH ON THE VARIABILITY OF QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN SOME VINE VARIETIES IN VÂNJU MARE WINE AREA - OREVIŢA
Get PDFVânju Mare-Oreviţa viticultural area has a special reputation in viticulture and vinification in our country. The climatic and soil conditions specific to this viticultural area present a high degree of favourability for the production of high quality wines, being from this point of view one of the most favourable areas in our country for this production direction.The factors that contribute to the quality of grapes for vinification are related to both the characteristics and particularities of the cultivated varieties and the viticultural agrotechniques