Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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EFFECT OF EARLY BERRY THINNING AND GIRDLING ON GRAPE QUALITY OF CV. VICTORIA
Get PDFThe research was carried out at University of Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture experimental station “Radmilovac” on table grape Victoria cv with aim to improve grape quality and with consideration the introduction of these ampelographic measures in regular grapevine growing. The research included two treatments of berry thinning (thinning bunch tip - BtT and first lateral wink -BtW), girdling (G) and control (C). Combined effect of berry thinning and girdling were not examined. The following features were examined: fertility and yield, bunch and berry dimensions, bunch and berry structure, sugar content and total acidity. The thinning treatments did not have significant effect on uvometric parameters and grape quality, but they improved the yield by 41.7% (BtW) and 51.4% (BtT) in comparison to the control. It can be explained by bad fruit set influenced by unfavourable meteorological conditions during flowering in control treatment. Berry thinning achieves a better fruit set. Berry thinning should be applied as a regular ampelographic measure according to weather conditions during flowering phonological stage. Results confirm the positive influence of girdling. The yield was increased by 88,34% compared to control, berries had a higher diameter (for about 1mm with respect to control), fruit set and bunch mass were in higher level against other treatments, sugar content (17,00%), total acidity (5,75 g/L) were improved too. Girdling can be introduced as a regular ampelographic measure in the table cultivars vineyards, in order to obtain higher yields and better quality of table grape
ANALYSIS OF THE DECLARED COMPOSITION OF SAUSAGES AVAILABLE ON THE POLISH MARKET
Get PDFDue to the increasing pace of people's lives, the demand for convenient food is increasing. An example of such food are sausages. Sausages are a meat product, so in their composition the vast majority should be high-quality meat. Another characteristic of sausages is their homogenization and soft texture. In addition, it is a product that has been designed with the desired sensory qualities both hot and cold. For these reasons, among others, sausages are a frequent choice of consumers in the meat products segment. Unfortunately, not all of these products are considered wholesome meat products. This, however, shows that these are not always products that should be consumed in the daily diet, e.g. by children and sensitive consumers. The aim of this article was to analyze the composition of sausages of various brands (both discounters' own brands and those enjoying great popularity) and to classify them in terms of quality
SERBIAN VITICULTURE FROM THE 19TH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT DAY
Get PDFIn Europe, the period from the 17th to the 19th century was marked by scientific and industrial revolution, better traffic communication, which strongly influenced development of viticulture and wine markets. New varieties are introduced into viticulture, intensive working on hybridization, more intensive cultivation methods are applied with use of horses, distance between plants are changed and more modern stock are used. After liberation from the Ottoman Empire, Serbian viticulture is developing again. With arrangement of the principality and then the Serbian Kingdom, in the overall development of Serbia under the Obrenović family, a significant contribution was made by new vine plantation. Apart from the Danube regions, the areas under vines are located around the Kopaonik mountain, which separates southern Serbia from the Novo-Pazarski sandžak and the wine-growing centers such as Negotin, Požarevac, Smederevo, Kruševac, Niš and Šumadija as a separate region (area about 98,326 ha).
However, the development of viticulture in Serbia is stoped by the appearance of phylloxera. The territory of Serbia was affected by phylloxera starting in 1881, and by 1920 it had reached Metohija. In order to restore damaged vineyards, were formed vine nurseries (Smederevo 1882, Bukovo near Negotin 1886, Jagodina 1889, Aleksandrovac, 1891) where began production of rootstock and grafting of European vine varieties. Since then, for the first time, varieties such as Traminac, Chardonnay, Pinot blanc, Pinot noir, Gamay were introduced into Serbian viticulture.
The beginning of the 20th century was marked by changing of royal dynasties, so after atending to Serbian throne, King Petar I Karađorđević (since 1903) form an endowment estate at Oplenac. King Petar I Karađorđević, and after them King Alexander, intensively participated in plantation of new vineyards, using planting material from nurseries from Smederevo and from France (1925). By 1935, the total area under vineyards amounted to 37.78,31 ha, of which 4/5 were under wine and 1/5 under table varieties. During the 2nd World War, Serbian vineyards was under significant damage due to the lack of conditions to bad cultivation in appropriate ways.
After the 2nd World War, viticulture in Serbia had several development stages. The first stage covers the period from 1945 to 1954 and is characterized by an extensive production level. The second stage, from 1954 to 1959, is characterized by vineyard with big inter-row distance of 2–2.5 m and greater mechanization using. The third stage, from 1959 to 1970, is characterized by vineyards with inter-row distance of 2.5 to 4 m. It is the period of intensive vineyards plantating. In the 1970, 106.000 ha belonged to individual sector, and 10.500 ha to the state (goverment) sector. In the 80-is and 90-is of the last century, it is period of the viticulture stagnation with significant reduction of vineyard area. The disintegration of the SFRY, wars that followed, sanctions and international isolation of Serbia and especially NATO bombing affected complete destruction of viticulture as a minor agricultural branch at that time. It is estimated that only about 20,000 ha under vine survived and could be maintained at the beginning of the XXI century. For the last twenty years, have been made efforts to restore Serbian viticulture. With a more modern approach, it started with the selection of clones of varieties mainly for producing of high quality wines. With the formation of smaller and medium-capacity wineries (from 100,000 to 500,000 bottles per year), the situation in viticulture and wine sector has changed significantly through the increase of areas under vines and the improvement of wine quality. Today there are around 360 registered wineries in Serbia
VITICULTURE IN SERBIA/ROMANIAN BORDER ZONE
Get PDFTotal length of the Republic of Serbia border is 2351.8 km, from which border zone length between Republic of Serbia and Romania is 546.5 km. According to wine-growing areas zoning in the Republic of Serbia, three wine-growing areas are defined: Central Serbia, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija. Vojvodina area in the border zone include South Banat region with two sub-regions: Vršački and Belocrkvanski, while in Central Serbia area, also in the border zone, there is Mlava Region with three sub-regions: Braničevsko, Požarevačko and Resavsko and region of Negotinska Krajina with four sub-regions: Ključko, Brzopalanačko, Mihajlovačko and Negotinsko. In South Banat region, under vineyards are 1730 ha, of which is 1567 ha under wine and 163 ha under table varieties. This region is characterized with flat landscape dominated by the Vršac Mountains in central part. The dominant soil types are vertisol and chernozem. Grape and wine production is characterized by small family farms with high-intensive plantations. In varietal composition are dominant international and new created white wine varieties such as: Sauvignon blanc, Semyon, Riesling white, Riesling Italien, Chardonay, Kreaca, Muscat otonel, Rkaciteli, Smederevka and Župljanka, and from red wine varieties: Pinot noir, Portugizac and Limberger. In Mlava region under vineyards are 814,7 ha. Dominant are wine varieties. In this region climate is specific under natural borders: Carpathian mountain system and Danube, Mlava and Pek river. This region is characterized with both, traditional and modern grape growing technology. The region of Negotinska Krajina is located in east part of Serbia and cover area of 978 ha, from which is 890 ha are under wine and 88 ha under table varieties. Climate conditioned of this region is affected by the Carpathian mountain system and Danube river. Vertisol, eutric cambisol and sandy soils are present in most vineyards. The region of Negotinska Krajina is characterized with traditional grapes production at small family wineries. This region is famouse by autochthonous varieties: Prokupac, Bagrina, Tamjanika crna, Začinak, Smederevka and Plovdina
STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE PELICULAR MACERATION PROCESS ON THE QUALITY AND TYPICALITY OF SEMI-AROMATIC AND AROMATIC WINES
Get PDFTraditionally, when making white wines, the musts are subjected to clarification and settling, even those from harvests in perfect phytosanitary condition. The increasingly perfected technical and technological procedures, involved in the operation of clarifying and deburring the musts, lead to the total removal of undesirable impurities, but also of the small fragments of skins and core, the only carriers of varietal aromas specific to each variety. In such situations, wines lacking fruitiness, aromatic "expressiveness" and varietal typicality result. In order to avoid such inconveniences, recently investigations have been intensified on the topic of improving white winemaking technologies, showing that the pellicular maceration is particularly appropriate, especially when the grapes are, at the time of harvesting, in a perfect state phytosanitary and are well matured. By applying pellicular maceration, notable results are obtained in the vinification of semi-aromatic (Sauvignon) and aromatic (Muscat Ottonel) grapes, but significant improvements were also obtained when using grapes of "neutral" aromatic varieties, such as those belonging to the Chardonnay variety
THE RESEARCH ON NON-CONVENTIONAL FOLIAR FERTILIZERS WITH PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES APPLIED TO MAIZE CROP
Get PDFThe use of chemical fertilizers is one of the most important causes of environmental pollution. The reduction of nutrient losses can be achieved using an alternative fertilization system, a system that includes foliar fertilization. The paper presents experiment results obtained into the greenhouse applying three new ranges ofnon-conventional foliar fertilizers. These fertilizers contain protein hydrolysates and macro-and micronutrients with the role to stimulate the plant metabolism.On chernozem soil, their application to maize (H Oriente, HS Talman) ensured important yield increases of dry matter and had a positive effect on nutrient absorption and uptake in the tested plants
SYNTHETIC AMPHIDIPLOID WHEAT – A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF RAISING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Get PDFSynthetic wheat is from the genetic point of view an amphidiploid which combines the genome of parents. It often exhibits superior characteristics that contribute to the enlargement of genetic variation in breeding programs or in the development of new varieties. Breeding programs of NARDI Fundulea, the most important agricultural research unit in Romania began to increase genetic variability by incorporating wild genes to exploit the improvement of wheat through crosses with wild ancestors and succeeded in creating lines of synthetic wheat with some higher quality components. Experimented lines of these programs proved to be an efficient and beneficial source of new genes for common wheat quality from the southern area of Romania
THE USE OF GEODESIC EQUIPMENT AND SPECIALIZED SOFTWARE FOR THE PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR THE SYSTEMATIC REGISTRATION OF A CADASTRAL SECTOR IN U.A.T. STUDINA, OLT COUNTY
No full textThe work presents the method of drawing up the technical documentation for the systematic registration of a cadastral sector, this being considered a fast and precise method of determining the surfaces and their registration in the Land Register. The cadastral sector is part of the territorial administrative unit Studina, OltCounty. To carry out the work, GNSS technology was used using the ALTUS APS-3 GPS receiver, the elevation being carried out in the Stereographic 1970 projection system. Based on the measurements made on the ground and the documents provided by the town hall, it was checked whether the surface is equal to the surface in the property documents of the respective land. After checking the surface, using the specialized software Mapsys 10 and AutoCad, the cadastral plan was drawn up, with the reporting of the 91 buildings that are part of the cadastral sector
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF SUBMEASURE 17.1 "CROP, ANIMAL AND PLANT INSURANCE PREMIUMS" ON AGRICULTURAL FARMING
Get PDFThe study aims to create an overview of access to non-reimbursable funds offered by the European Union through the National Rural Development Program through submeasure 17.1 In this way, an analysis was made of the current situation of the compensation of crop, animal and plant insurance premiums on Romanian farmers through these funds. This analysis showed that Romanian farmers became increasingly interested in crop insurance premiums from the National Rural Development Program (PNDR) 2014-2020, amid the drought. According to market data, approximately 15% of agricultural crops are insured in Romania, given that insurance companies are generally limited to problem areas. For this period, a total of 16,536 funding applications were submitted, of which 14,379 applications were eligible for funding, 1,536 funding applications were ineligible for funding, and 441 funding applications were withdrawn. In the case of eligible applications, the total amount of funding applications was 196,160,907 lei, and the non-refundable support was 133,525,367.5 lei, in the case of ineligible applications, the total amount of funding applications was 22,953,885.82 lei , and the non-refundable support would have been 12,489,088.03. in the case of ineligible applications, the total amount of funding applications was 2,220,356.30 lei, and the non-reimbursable support would have been 1,222,778.09 lei
CORRELATION BETWEEN FRESH MASS AND DRY MASS OF SOME MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT SPECIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS
Get PDFFrom the old times the phytotherapy help in ameliorating and treating of some ailments, this had highlith some medicinal and aromatic plants species to beeing cultivated to more areas. In Romania, more than 300 medicinal and aromatic plant species are known, the purpose of research from the RDSPCS Dabuleni being to the promotion of some medicinal and aromatic plants species on sandy soils. So, the folllowin medicinal and aromatic species with therapeutic value was studied: Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Calendula officinalis, Hyssopus officinalis. Salvia officinalis due to its rich vitamin content, is considered a miraculous plant with healing properties. Lavandula angustifolia is used in natural medicine for various teas, oils and tinctures, but also in the cosmetic industry for perfumes, soaps and body lotions. Calendula officinalis is cultivated for its flowers due to its antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial action. Hyssopus officinalis is a very precious plant for health due to the volatile oils and flavonoids in its composition. These species are studied to profitably capitalize on the ecopedological conditions specific to sandy soils in terms of production capacities and the active principles they contain compared to the forms existing in other areas of the country. Thus, during the study period, Salvia officinalis has registerred the highest yield of 14052 kg/ha fresh herb compared to the other studied species, with a dry yield of 4:1