Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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SOIL QUALITY OF HIGH NATURAL VALUE FARMLAND BY SUCEAVA AREA
Get PDFHNV agricultural systems were first described as agricultural systems of predominantly low intensity which imply a relatively complex relation with the environment. They preserve important habitats on both cultivated and grazed land and they include diverse landscape elements such as hedgerows, fruit trees, or lakes/ponds. In the European Union Strategy framework of mitigating climate change, protecting the environment, and ensuring public health, following researches that undertook the task to build the first national soil data base from the high natural value areas (HNV). One of the eligible area for HNV compensatory payments, where was analyzed the fertility state of soils is located in the Suceava area. It was studied in six depth profiles and six adjacent agrochemical samples collected from the 0-20 cm layer. Chemical analyses showed that the soils prove to be rather poor, but within the limits frequently encountered in such areas, with an acceptable level of fertility and good conditions for characteristic plants growth. Cationic exchange capacity is generally low. Excessive nitrates quantities were determined in the upper horizon of two of the analyzed profiles. Both of these profiles belong to the HNV administered territory therefore; compliance with the set of rules regarding HNV eligibility should be more attentively monitored
ASSESSMENT OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS LOAD LEVEL IN SOILS COLLECTED FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS
Get PDFPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are listed as a class of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention. PCBs represent a threat to human health and environment because of their toxicity, persistence, and tendency to bio-accumulate at the top of the food chain. Additionally, some PCBs are suspected carcinogens. Because of their chemical stability and their excellent electrical insulation and thermal conductive properties, PCBs have been used in widespread industrial, commercial and domestic applications. The aim of this study is to establish the load level of these compounds in soils from residential areas. The soil samples were collected from gardens, parks and households located in Bucharest. The interest compounds (PCB with IUPAC number 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were extracted from soil with organic solvents (hexane: acetone = 1:1) and analysed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The analytical results show that the most abundant compounds were those with a high degree of chlorination. The total content of PCBs ranged between 0.0004 mg/kg and 0.028 mg/kg, so values of concentration that are not exceed the alert threshold (0.25 mg/kg)
PRELIMINARY DATA REGARDING BIOREMEDIATION OF SOILS POLLUTED WITH PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY USING CYCLODEXTRINS
Get PDFThe main characteristics of the pollution caused by refineries and petrochemical plants is that the source of pollution is active, most of the time, for a short period of time, but has an important intensity, the pollutiong agent being usualy made up of limited pretoleum fractions. Also, in most of tha cases of accidental spills of petroleum products, the affected soil surface is much smaller than the contaminated surface of the first aquifer encountered by the pollution front. The crude oil resulting from the extraction, having a complex composition, acts on the soil depending on the amount, composition and properties of the organic and inorganic components contained. β-Cyclodextrin is a chemical substance with the molecular formula C42H70O35. Cyclodextrins were the first compounds studied in terms of complexation behaviour and catalytic properties, the objective being to mimic enzymes. The paper presents data concerning the soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics and chemical characteristics of crude oil that will be used in the Greenhouse experiment. Also, in the paper is achieved the state of the art for β-cyclodextrins used in bioremediation of soils polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons
INTERSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF SOME ACCESSIONS OF SALIX SP. COLLECTED FROM OLTENIA REGION, ROMANIA
Get PDFThe Salix genus includes many species with various uses: wood production, biomass, animal feed, source of salicylic acid, land reclamation, biofuel, a.o. In order to establish a collection of potential genitors, source of resistance genes to various stressors, 39 accessions were collected in 2015 from Banat and Oltenia, Romania. This paper presents an evaluation of 20 accessions, belonging to 7 species, collected from polluted or degraded lands in Oltenia. The intra- and interspecific variability, analyzed through the prism of the production characters for SRC, is significant. The study gives the possibility of selecting some valuable genitors, for a breeding strategy and creation of new forms more adapted to the new environmental challenges. The best results regarding biomass production, sprouting capacity and growth rate were recorded by some accessions, belonging to the species S. triandra, S. viminalis, S. fragilis
STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION NECESSARY FOR THE REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE AGRITOURISTIC AREA, GIUBEGA-BĂILEȘTI
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to carry out a complex and high-precision work necessary for the realization of the first phase of the execution project, after which, based on all the drawn and written parts existing in the project, to carry out the field application of the construction works of the road, as well as control and reception works. The technical documentation produced had to meet all the technical standards of precision and quality imposed by the standards in force, that is why the most modern devices and existing work methods were used for the topographic surveys, which led to obtaining a high economic efficiency. The preparation of the location and delimitation plan of the studied road was made from the absolute coordinates of the support points and details, calculated on the basis of the elevations carried out on the ground, with the help of a high-performance program, which allowed the representation with great ease and accuracy, on a large scale 1: 500, of all the details existing on the land. Based on the completed technical documentation, the file was submitted to OCPI-Dolj, it was approved and entered in the Land Registry. Also, the execution project was carried out and the actual plotting on the ground of the road rehabilitation and modernization works, which will contribute substantially to increasing the safety and accessibility of all tourist reception structures
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FROM THE COMMELINACEAE AND PIPERACEAE FAMILIES EXISTING IN THE GREENHOUSES OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN "AL. BUIA" FROM CRAIOVA
Get PDFGreenhouses of the Botanical Garden "Al. Buia" in Craiova house a varied collection of plants, belonging to numerous families. In this paper, species from the families Commelinaceae and Piperaceae are presented.
The family Commelinaceae includes herbaceous plants, rarely lianas, native to tropical and temperate regions of the world, except Europe. In the greenhouse, this family is represented by ornamental species of the Callisia, Cyanotis and Tradescantia genera.
The family Piperaceae comprises herbaceous plants, subshrubs or lianas, rarely trees, with simple, entire leaves, with stipules, often succulent and with small, bisexual or unisexual flowers, grouped in spikes or spadix. They are plants that grow spontaneously in tropical or subtropical areas around the world, but the greatest diversity is found in the Americas in a wide range of habitats being distributed from the southern United States of America to Chile and Argentina. In the greenhouses of the Botanical Garden this family is represented by two genera: Piper and Peperomia. In addition to the decorative effect, numerous representatives of the Piperaceae family are used as a food ingredient (Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Peperomiapellucida) and in traditional medicine to treat a wide variety of conditions: inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract disorders, acne, kidney diseases. Therefore, disseminating information about the existing ornamental plants in the greenhouses of the Botanic Gardens on the one hand supports their botanical value and on the other hand represents another step for environmental education
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSESIN LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL. PLANTS ATTACKED BY THE ALTERNARIA SOLANI SORAUER
Get PDFThe influence of the treatment with fungicides on the physiological processes were observed in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants cultivated in the climatic conditions in Oltenia region.The physiological researches were performed on August 23th 2021, both for plants treated with Dithane M-45 (0,2%), in four phases, at 7 days interval and also for the plants attacked by AlternariasolaniSorauer, in which treatments have not been performed.In the leaves of the plants attacked by the pathogen it was observed that the physiological processes’ intensity (photosynthesis and transpiration intensity) is lower as a result of the effects produced by the pathogen manifested by the appearance of dark brown spots with closed concentric rings.The content in chlorophyll is higher at the analysed leaves after performing fungicide treatment, thus existing a positive correlation between this content and the photosynthesis intensity.
 
THE DIVERSITY OF COLEOPTERANS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE, SCOLYTIDAE, CURCULIONIDAE RHYNCHITIDAE) FROM THE PLUM ECOSYSTEMS IN POBORU LOCATION, OLT COUNTY
Get PDFThe present work is dedicated to the research of the current state of the fauna and the diversity of the coleoptera in the plum ecosystems in Poboru, Olt county.As a result of the investigations carried out in 2022, in the North-Eastern area of Olt county, the harmful coleoptera species collected in the analyzed orchard ecosystem were classified into 4 families: Scarabaeidae, Scolytidae, Curculionidae and Rhynchitidae. (P.Pasol, Ionela Dobrin , Loredana Frasin, , Treatise on special entomology, Pests of horticultural crops, 2007, page 209-220). Thus, in 2022, 11 species from the Scarabaeidae family, 3 species from the Scolytidae family, 5 species from the Curculionidae family and one species from the Rhynchitidae family were identified. According to the data obtained in 2022, the Scarabaeidae family represented 36.90%, the Scolytidae family was found in a proportion of 22.62%, the Curculionidae family 38.10%, and the Rhynchitidae family 2.38%
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON SOME SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SUBJECTED TO DEHYDRATION TREATMENTS
Get PDFThe main objective of the work is the study of the process of dehydration of fruits and vegetables, using two different types of equipment for dehydration: convective dryer, equipped with drying trays; microwave field dehydration instalation, with continuous flow. In the case of the convective dryer, the divided products will be placed evenly on the drying trays and the following specific parameters of the dehydration process will be determined: the initial and final humidity of the products; initial and final air temperature; the initial and final humidity of the air. In the case of microwave dehydration equipment, the divided products will be placed in a uniform layer on the conveyor belt, which moves at a constant speed of 4.5 cm/min. The following parameters will be measured: the mass of the sample; the amount of water evaporated in the measuring interval; the final mass of the sample; the final humidity at the end of the dehydration cycle. The results obtained in the case of using the convective dryer with drying trays indicate that the measured values fall perfectly within the admissibility range imposed by the technology,regarding all the studied parameters. In the case of using the dehydration installation with microwaves, the dehydration process is very intense, producing rapid heating of the product to over 600 C0, in approx. 5 min., in its entire volume, which leads to the inactivation of oxidative enzymes and reduces the risk of thermal browning and caramelization
THE USE OF DRONES AND SENSORS IN AGRICULTURE
Get PDFThis paper presents the possibilities and benefits of using drones in agriculture, especially in precision agriculture. In the first part of the paper, basic notions regarding drones in the agricultural context, legislative and flight safety aspects are presented, defined and clarified. In the second part of the paper, the most used sensors in agriculture are introduced, the benefits and the main stages of using drones in agriculture are presented, related to the life span of a crop and the duration of the agricultural year. This paper encourages and justifies the use of drones both in current agricultural operations and by applying photogrammetric methods and generating digital products such as orthophoto plans, thematic maps and digital terrain models