BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
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Political Will Pemerintah dan Pembaharuan Konsep Pengelolaan Hutan Adat sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Agraria
No full textAbstract: Article 67 of The Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 41 year 1999 concerning Forestry stated that Affirmation of existence and extinction of indigenous law shall be stipulated in Regional Regulation. Local governments play essential roles in making a Regional Regulation to provide recognition of the traditional rights of indigenous peoples. In fact, political will of the local governments is not powerful enough to provide the protections intended. There are so many indigenous people who become the victims of endless agrarian conflicts, especially regarding customary forests. This paper uses normative approach that focuses on examining the forestry law and the existence of the indigenous people. At the end of this article, there are some alternative ways that local government could apply to handle the conflicts, namely encouraging the local governments to have powerful political will in order to create regulations regarding indigenous people recognition. Government should hasten the process of creating a bill concerning Indigenous People Protections and therefore there will be a legal certainty of the indigenous people in Indonesia.
Keywords: Agrarian Conflicts, Indigenous People, Regional Regulation, Political Will
Intisari: Pasal 67 Undang-Undang Kehutanan mensyaratkan bahwa instrumen pengukuhan mengenai keberadaan masyarakat adat adalah melalui Peraturan Daerah. Pemerintah daerah memegang peranan penting dalam mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa regulasi daerah untuk memberikan pengakuan terhadap hak-hak tradisional masyarakat adat. Faktanya, political will yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah daerah belum cukup kuat untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum yang dimaksud. Banyak masyarakat adat yang menjadi korban dari konflik agraria yang tak berkesudahan, khususnya mengenai hutan adat. Tulisan ini merupakan tulisan hukum normatif yang berfokus menelaah regulasi hukum terkait kehutanan dan posisi masyarakat adat sebagai suatu dinamika sosial. Pada akhir bagian tulisan akan diberikan beberapa alternatif yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam menghadapi konflik masyarakat adat, pemerintah, dan perusahaan, yakni mendorong agar pemerintah daerah memiliki strong political will untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa Peraturan Daerah yang mengakui keberadaan masyarakat adat. Pemerintah juga harus segera melakukan pengesahan terhadap Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat untuk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat adat dan hak-hak tradisonalnya.
Kata Kunci: Konflik Agraria, Masyarakat Adat, Peraturan Daerah, Political Will.
Landsat 8 Imagery Utilization to Spatial Analysis of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Palu Disaster in 2018
Full text linkRehabilitation and reconstruction as a post-disaster stage becomes an important part in the disaster management cycle. Post-disaster as a moment that can be used to rebuild a better life order must be optimized in its implementation. This study was conducted using a spatial approach through the use of multitemporalremote sensing satellite imagery in Palu region. The data used in this study are Landsat 8 images in March 2018, Landsat 8 in November 2018 and Landsat 8 in March 2019. The research method is carried out through spatial analysis by supervised classification which is the maximum likelihood algorithm for classifying land use. The analysis was conducted by supervising classification to classify the existing conditions of land use. The research indicates that the locations of residential development are determined by the Government which are located inthe urban village of Tondo, sub-district of Mantkulore and urban village of Duyu, sub-district of West Palu, Palu City district; and they have considered the aspect of disaster vulnerability and land availability. The analysis of Landsat imagery shows that in this area, the rehabilitation and reconstruction process is ongoing. By theanalysis, it is discovered that there are changes in land-use before and after the disaster. In November 2018, there was a decrease of 56.4 hectares of built land in the village of Tondo and 17.76 hectares in village of Duyu. While, the results of the Landsat 8 image study in March 2019 shows that there are increases in these two regions
The Policy Challenge of Private Land Management for Conservation of Yellow-Crested Cockatoo and its Habitat in Masakambing Island, Indonesia
Full text linkYellow-crested small cockatoo (Cacatoasulphureaabbotti) is an endangered species lives in residential area with private ownership in Masakambing Island, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Recently, the population of the bird only remains between 22-25 birds. Their habitat requires 3 important trees to support their living: nesting trees, sleeping trees and feeding trees. However, conservation efforts are not easy as they share space for living with human. Besides that, in a small island, land is scarce and available resources are limited. Therefore, its conservation effort needs community involvement. Generally, sharing access to the land resources are intended to social and economic aspects. The study was aimed at findingout the distribution of important treesas habitat for yellow-crested cockatoo and propose land management policy in supporting its conservation activities in Masakambing. The analysis uses qualitative method with interactive model. The results showed that 90% of the bird’s habitat was in a residential area with private ownership. The Private Land Conservation policy with conservation easement approach can be implemented to conserve yellow-crested cockatoo in Masakambing. Unfortunately, the Private land Conservation Policy and conservation easement approach hasnot been regulated clearly
Socio-Ecological Vulnerability Assessment and the Resulting in Spatial Pattern: A Case Study of Semarang City
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to examine the socio-ecological vulnerability and the resulting in spatial pattern on a city scale. The assessment methods for vulnerability-resilience in the social and ecological have been broadly examined, such as the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) and disaster risk assessment by the BNPB (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Nasional). However, in some cases, these methods are suitable only in disastrous vulnerability and on a larger scale. The assessment method of socio-ecological systems in this paper has been modified to a city-scale and per the data availability. By using spatial data, this paper analyses the connection between vulnerability-resilience of socio-ecological systems and land coverage pattern. Based on the case study, the finding shows that almost 28% of Semarang city areas are socio-ecologically vulnerable. Mostof the land use of the vulnerable areas is currently used for urban built-up area and agriculture. For future research, this method can be used for vulnerability assessment of the socio-ecological system in other cities and as a consideration for decision making in spatial planning
Geospatial and Community Participation Combination in Complete Systematic Land Registration Implementation in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency
Full text linkLand certification provides land legal certainty for every citizen of the Republic of Indonesia, especially, farmers, who constitute the majority of the population of Indonesia. The importance of the agricultural land has been explained in the Republic of Indonesia’s Defense White Paper that the growing amount of agricultural land has a detrimental effect on the Indonesian nation which is agrarian. Decreasing agricultural land is the main factor causing reduced food security. Geospatial technologies such as remote sensing and terrestrial surveys are very helpful for Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) activities. However, the implementation in the field of technology has not yet been optimized due to the lack of the support from Regional Government and the Community. By taking the PTSL implementation in two villages in Barabai Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, it was found that problems related to the absence of certaintyof village boundaries, accurate and scattered control points and community understanding of the importance of the legality of their land are inhibiting factors for PTSL activities. By combining this technology with community participation it will produce the right and ideal combination
The Impact of Dynamic Land-Use and Spatial Planning Policies on the Traditional Village and Architecture in Tourism Villages in Gianyar, Bali
Full text linkTourism and community participation have transformed the physical setting of the traditional Balinese villages in various directions. Tourism village is an important type of spatial planning policies in Bali that focus on cultural tourism. In cultural tourism, the traditional villages including cultural and traditional practices of the people are the main resources of tourist activities. Therefore, the traditional village pattern and land use are signif icant in tourism development. Through integrating participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods with land use and architectural-historical investigation, this paper explores and investigates the spatial pattern of land use transformation in tourism villages. The results indicate that tourism villages in Gianyar have experienced an expansion in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions, with increasing land intensity. This expansion was accompanied by the touristif ication process, with land use changing from addressing villagers’ needs to satisfying tourists’ demands. However, this paper states that the transformation is read as a pragmatic response to address new challenges in the community by interpreting the reconf iguration of the villages and houses
Transformasi dari Kertas ke Elektronik: Telaah Yuridis dan Teknis Sertipikat Tanah Elektronik
Full text linkAbstract: A land certificate is an official document issued by the Land Registry. This document is proof of ownership of a piece of land. In Indonesia, it usually comes together with a land book (Buku Tanah), a document in the form of a list providing juridical and physical data of a piece land whose ownership has been registered. . A certificate is the final product of land registration processes, which includes the process by electronic means. The certificate can both be issued in the form of printed document or digital document . The development of digital land certificate drove this research in analyzing the juridical and technical aspects of electronic certificates. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory regulatory approach. The results of this study indicate that in the juridical aspect of the Government Regulations on the E-Certificate,especially regarding the implementation, is not based on The Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) as well as its implementing regulations. The implementation follows The ITE Law and The Job Creation Law (with PP No.18/2021 as the primary source of the law) instead. The technical aspect of E-Certificate, when viewed from safety factor, gives more certainty than the ones with analogsystem.. It is particularly due to the use of a digital signature encoded by a cryptographic algorithm protected by a certain code (Hash Code and QR Code). Consequently, only people who have authorities can access it.
Keywords: electronic land certificate, electronic documents, land registration, digital signature
Intisari: Pada dasarnya, sertipikat tanah merupakan surat tanda bukti hak yang berupa salinan buku tanah dan surat ukur yang telah disatukan. Sertipikat merupakan produk akhir dari semua proses pendaftaran tanah, hal terpenting adalah proses pendaftaran dari awal hingga akhir dengan cara elektronik. Sertipikat dapat diterbitkan dalam bentuk fisik/cetak kertas maupun digital/elektronik. Melihat perkembangan tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini hendak menganalisis aspek yuridis dan teknis sertipikat elektronik. Metode yang digunakan ialah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi aspek yuridis Permen Sertipikat-el khususnya terkait pelaksanaan Sertipikat-el tidak berdasarkan sumber hukum utama yaitu UUPA dan peraturan pelaksananya, namun mengacu pada UU ITE dan UU Cipta Kerja, sumber hukum utamanya terbit belakangan yaitu PP No. 18 Tahun 2021, namun PP tersebut juga sebagai ketentuan pelaksana dari UU Cipta Kerja. Dalam aspek teknis sertipikat-el jika dilihat dari faktor keamanan lebih terjamin dibandingkan sertipikat analog, salah satunya menggunakan digital signature yang disandikan algoritma kriptografi dengan dilindungi dengan kode tertentu (Hash Code dan QR Code), dengan demikian hanya orang yang memiliki otoritas yang dapat mengaksesnya.
Kata Kunci: Sertipikat Tanah Elektronik, Dokumen Elektronik, Pendaftaran Tanah, Tanda Tangan Elektronik
Memperjuangkan Sumber Kehidupan Sesungguhnya: Masyarakat Adat Dalem Tamblingan dan Kedaulatan atas Alas Merta Jati di Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali
Full text linkAbstract: This article analyzes two important points related to the struggle for the sovereignty of the Adat Dalem Tamblingan (ADT), Dalem Tambiling indigenous people over their forest resources, namely Alas Merta Jati. The first point is to identify and at the same time discuss the limitations (limitations) of the ADT community's struggle to fight back their customary forest, namely Alas Merta Jati from the state forest as a Taman Wisata Alam (TWA), Natural Tourism Park, area to become ADT sovereignty forest. The second point specifically discusses the position and relations of ADT women with adat and Alas Merta Jati. Data collection was carried out by participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. This article argues that the strata of the state and society are very heterogeneous and both together contribute to excluding people's sovereignty over forests. The future reflection offered is to build counter regulations based on the dynamic relationship between indigenous peoples and forest resources. The spirit of the regulation formulated by the community itself is based on two important foundations, namely the politics of recognition and the politics of redistribution
Keywords: sovereignty, limitation, communal control, exclusion, recognition politics, redistribution politics.
Intisari : Artikel ini menganalisis dua poin penting yang berkaitan dengan perjuangan kedaulatan masyarakat Adat Dalem Tamblingan (ADT) terhadap sumber daya hutannya yaitu Alas Merta Jati. Poin pertama adalah mengidentifikasi sekaligus mendiskusikan limitasi-limitasi (keterbatasan-keterbatasan) perjuangan masyarakat ADT untuk memperjuangkan kembali hutan adatnya yaitu Alas Merta Jati dari hutan negara sebagai daerah Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) menjadi hutan hak kedaulatan ADT. Poin kedua secara khusus membahas posisi dan relasi perempuan ADT dengan adat dan Alas Merta Jati. Penggalian data dilakukan dengan observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa lapisan-lapisan negara dan masyarakat sangat heterogen dan keduanya bersama-sama berkontribusi untuk mengekslusi kedaulatan rakyat terhadap hutan. Refleksi ke depan yang ditawarkan adalah membangun pengaturan tandingan berlandaskan relasi yang dinamis antara masyarakat adat dengan sumber daya hutan. Jiwa dari pengaturan yang dirumuskan oleh masyarakat sendiri ini berdasarkan dua pondasi penting yaitu politik rekognisi dan politik redistribusi.
Kata Kunci: Kedaulatan, Limitasi, Penguasaan Komunal, Eksklusi, Politik Rekognisi, Politik Redistribus
Bagaimana Sertifikasi Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan Gagal Mencegah Perusahaan Anggota RSPO dan ISPO Merampas Tanah Adat di Indonesia?
Full text linkThe principle of sustainability on commodity certification such as RSPO and ISPO include acknowledgement and protection of indigenous people’s right. Membership in these schemes however didn’t prevent some members companies from grabbing indigenous people’s land. This study then try to understand the limitation of RSPO and ISPO to prevent its members involvement in land grabbing act. The paper use the method of literature review. Due to time restriction and research focus, the review is being limited on literature that can explain how far those certification could prevented land grabbing. The result of the study divided to three section: institutional, the provision implementation in RSPO depend on voluntary act of its members companies and provision in ISPO limited on the issues of conflict resolution and compensation but not the involvement of indigenous people; agency, RSPO faced with the domination of multinational companies that made indigenous people, NGO who represented their interest, and local producers as minority while ISPO faced with the problems of sectoral ego and overlap between government agencies; and political economy, where consideration must be given to the power and interest of actors such as state, elites, companies, and even auditor on certification process and plantation expansion.Key words: RSPO, ISPO, land grabbingIntisari: Prinsip keberlanjutan dalam sertifikasi komoditas seperti RSPO dan ISPO mencakup pengakuan dan perlindungan hak masyarakat adat. Keanggotaan dalam skema tersebut tetapi tidak mencegah beberapa perusahaan anggota dari merampas lahan masyarakat adat. Kajian ini berusaha untuk memahami batasan kemampuan RSPO dan ISPO dalam mencegah keterlibatan anggotanya dalam aktivitas perampasan lahan. Makalah ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur. Keterbatasan waktu dan fokus penelitian membatasi kajian pada literatur yang dapat menjelaskan batasan sertifikasi yang ada dan keberlanjutan perampasan lahan. Hasil kajian dari penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga bagian untuk menjelaskan keberlanjutan perampasan lahan masyarakat adat: dari institusional, penegakan ketentuan dalam RSPO cukup bergantung pada kesukarelaan dari perusahaan anggotanya dan ketentuan ISPO terbatas pada isu resolusi konflik dan kompensasi tetapi tidak pelibatan; agensi, RSPO dihadapkan dengan dominasi perusahaan multinasional yang menjadikan masyarakat adat, LSM yang mewakili kepentingan mereka, dan produsen lokal menjadi minoritas sedangkan ISPO dihadapkan dengan masalah egosektoral dan tumpang tindih peraturan antar lembaga pemerintah; dan politik ekonomi, di mana pertimbangan perlu diberikan pada kuasa dan kepentingan aktor seperti negara, elit, perusahaan, dan bahkan auditor dalam proses sertifikasi dan perluasan perkebunan.Kata kunci: RSPO, ISPO, perampasan laha
Evaluation of Land Information System Development in The National Land Agency
No full textThe development of information and communication technology creates opportunities to provide a more reliable and efficient Land Information System (SIP). Users of land data and information demand the provision of good land information services. The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (Kementerian ATR/BPN) as a government agency providing land information services has tried to accommodate these demands. Since several decades ago the development of SIP has been carried out. There is a lack number of research paper documented the development of SIP within Kementerian ART/BPN, so the aim of this paper is to documenting the development.The critical analysis approach used is based on the Information System Structure Theory, System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and Geographic Information System Enterprise Technology (GIS), which are used as an evaluation approach to SIP development in Kementerian ATR/BPN. The results of this study provide portraits of SIP from various perspectives and underline some of the opportunities and challenges of developing SIP in the future.Keywords: Land Information System, Information System Structure, System Development Life Cycle, Enterprise GISIntisari: Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi membuka peluang untuk menyediakan Sistem Informasi Pertanahan (SIP) yang lebih handal dan efisien. Pengguna data dan informasi pertanahan menuntut penyediaan layanan informasi pertanahan yang baik. Kementarian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (Kementerian ATR/BPN) sebagai lembaga pemerintah penyedia layanan informasi pertanahan telah berusaha mengakomodasi tuntutan tersebut. Sejak beberapa dekade silam pengembangan SIP telah dilaksanakan. Tidak banyak dokumentasi berupa paper ilmiah yang merekam pengembangan SIP di lingkungan Kementerian ART/BPN. Paper ini disusun dengan tujuan mendokumentasikan perjalanan pengembangan tersebut disertai ulasan kritis berdasar teori-teori pengembangan sistem. Pendekatan analisis kritis yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif kualitatif berdasar Teori Struktur Sistem Informasi, System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dan Teknologi Enterprise Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), yang digunakan sebagai pendekatan evaluasi pengembangan SIP di Kementerian ATR/BPN. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan SIP dari berbagai perspektif dan menggarisbawahi beberapa peluang dan tantangan pengembangan SIP di masa yang akan datang.Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Pertanahan, Struktur Sistem Informasi, System Development Life Cycle, Enterprise SI