BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
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Ancaman Keberfungsian Sosial Pada Masyarakat di Dalam Kawasan Konservasi: Studi Kasus Desa Ranupani di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru
Full text linkAbstract: The objective of this study is to describing the social functioning of the community in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park area. Qualitative approach was used to collect the data to be descriptively presented. Social functioning is an important field of life quality measures related to the fulfillment of basic needs. The results show that the threat of social functioning in the Ranupani Village community was influenced by (1) the ability of the community to meet basic needs, (2) the ability to carry out social roles, (3) the adaptability of the community in facing changes, and (4) the integration capabilities in social systems. In the end, community as the main actor will try to maintain and improve its position and role by constructing and acting to reproduce the position in that social environment.
Keywords: Social functioning, Access, National Parks, Bromo Tengger Semeru, Ranupani Villag
Pengaturan Penguasaan Tanah di Wilayah Perairan Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil
No full textAbstract: Regulation of Agrarian and Spatial Planning Minister/Head of National Land Agency Number 17 of 2016 on Land Tenure Management of Coastal dan Small islands (Permen ATR 17/2016) was stipulated to be a legal instrument for practicing tenurial aspect in coastal and small islands. After several years of enactment, the implementation of Permen ATR 17/2016 has been deemed ineffective. This research attempts to determine the cause of ineffectiveness of Permen ATR 17/2016. This research obtains data by using in-depth interviews, conducting some focus group discussions, doing observation, and exploring some documents. The results show that the ineffectiveness of Permen ATR 17/2016 caused by (a) the legal substance has not been accommodative enough as regulation of land rights; (b) the legal structure, officers in Land Registry Offices, cannot implement Permen ATR 17/2016 due to inadequate facilities, (c) there is community awareness to fill “empty-space” in ius positum for land tenure in alluvion (aanslibbing) in coastal areas, which is not fully in accordance with provisions and spirit of National Land Law.
Keywords: ineffective regulation, land tenure, land structuring.
Intisari: Peraturan Menteri ATR/Kepala BPN Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penataan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (selanjutnya disebut Permen ATR 17/2016) diharapkan menjadi instrumen hukum untuk melakukan penataan pertanahan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (WPPPK) di Indonesia. Namun, setelah beberapa tahun berlakunya, implementasi Permen ATR/Ka BPN tersebut dipandang belum efektif. Penelitian ini mengkaji penyebab ketidakefektifan Permen ATR 17/2016. Data diperoleh dari wawancara, diskusi kelompok terfokus, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakefektifan Permen ATR 17/2016 disebabkan oleh: (a) substansi hukum yang belum akomodatif; (b) struktur hukum dalam hal ini para sumberdaya manusia yang berwenang masih memiliki keraguan dalam melaksanakan, dan sarana penegakan hukum yang belum memadai; (c) adanya kesadaran hukum masyarakat untuk mengisi “ruang-kosong” hukum positif dalam penguasaan dan pengusahaan tanah timbul di wilayah pesisir, namun tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan ketentuan dan semangat Hukum Tanah Nasional.
Kata Kunci: Ketidakefektifan hukum, penguasaan tanah, penataan pertanahan
Kontribusi Community Supported Agriculture untuk Gerakan Agraria di Indonesia: Pelajaran dari Jerman
Full text linkAbstract: Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a model of cooperation between food producers and consumers in carrying out agriculture that has emerged in Global North’s countries. The establishment of CSA is related to the desire of a few people striving for a more equitable food system than the global and industrial food system which marginalizes the welfare of farmers. Building on the ethnographic study of the CSA Garten Coop in Freiburg, Germany, and comparing it with studies of CSA in other countries, this paper tries to explore the possibilities of how CSA can offer farmers an alternative agricultural model for the sustainability of their farm and its contribution to agrarian movement, especially in Indonesia. The results show that CSA provides this alternative through rearranging the food system with a more democratic, autonomous, and equal management of production resources, income certainty for farmers through consumer commitment and by the solidarity economy, and independence through the principles of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, CSA indirectly contributes to the agrarian movement by providing the possibility for farmers to maintain their farming business, along with their land tenure or ownership, as well as a forum for organizing farmers and consumers to raise awareness of the food system.
Keywords: Agrarian Movement, Community Supported Agriculture, Solidarity Economy, Producer-Consumer Partnership.
Intisari: Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) merupakan model kerjasama produsen dan konsumen pangan dalam menyelenggarakan pertanian yang banyak muncul di negara-negara Global Utara. Pendiriannya tak lepas dari keinginan segelintir orang mengupayakan sebuah sistem pangan yang lebih adil dari sistem pangan global dan industrial yang meminggirkan kesejahteraan petani. Dengan menggunakan studi etnografi pada komunitas CSA Garten Coop di Freiburg, Jerman dan membandingkan dengan studi-studi atas CSA di sejumlah negara lainnya, artikel ini disusun untuk menelusuri kemungkinan tentang bagaimana CSA dapat menawarkan model pertanian alternatif bagi petani untuk keberlanjutan usaha taninya dan kontribusinya terhadap gerakan agraria, terutama di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CSA memberikan alternatif ini lewat pengaturan ulang sistem pangan dengan manajemen sumber daya produksi yang lebih demokratis, otonom, dan setara, kepastian pendapatan bagi petani lewat komitmen konsumen dan ekonomi solidaritas, serta independensi melalui prinsip pertanian berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, CSA secara tidak langsung berkontribusi dalam gerakan agraria dengan memberikan kemungkinan bagi petani untuk mempertahankan usaha taninya, berikut penguasaan atau kepemilikan lahannya, sekaligus wadah pengorganisasian petani dan konsumen untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran akan sistem pangan.
Kata Kunci: Community Supported Agriculture, Ekonomi Solidaritas, Gerakan Agraria, Kerjasama Produsen-Konsumen
Quo Vadis Indonesian Agrarian Reform: Implementation of UUPA in the President Regulation No. 86 of 2018
Full text linkLaw Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles (UUPA) is widely praisedas the great work of the Indonesian nation which is revolutionary and responsive, combining good elements between individualism and communalism. However, the unachieved objectives of the UUPA is hard to deny and the majority of the defense of its failure tends to be normative and ideological. This paper aims to bring the study of the UUPA to a more empirical direction by using theories of public policy implementation, as introduced byGrindle (1980) about content variables and policy contexts, and the theory of critical implementation researchers who use a bottom-up perspective and highlight the actions of implementing bureaucrats. The research used qualitative methods through the study of literature and focused on executive policy, bureaucrats’ actions and the context that surrounds them. The study found that the executive policy with the issuance of Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 86 of 2018 was precisely not in line with several provisions of the UUPA. The presidential regulation has a paradox, wants to accommodate many variables but is confused about the main purpose of agrarian reform. As a relatively top-down policy, the implementation of the UUPA requires the existence of a dominant actor. However, the actions of implementing bureaucrats have long reducedthe purpose of the law to merely being an act of legalization of accounting transactions for land that are running according to market mechanisms. Now, the increasing number of Indonesians living in urban areas makes the issue of land more complex, related to land use change and various challenges of sustainable development
Make the Cities Work: Some Stories of Smart City Initiatives Around the Globe
Full text linkThe concept of Smart City (SC) has been popular recently, and has been adopted by many cities in the world with various implementation and development. As the world most population now concentrates on urban area, a sustainable city planning and management become important. As the population keeps growing,pressure and tension on a city arise: space for living, waste management, traffic congestion, sufficient clean water resources, and other issues. Beginning in around 2009, the concept of SC was designed to solve problems related to city growth in a sustainable manner. By using technology, Internet of Things (IoT), and community participation, SC aims to make the city a livable place for its inhabitants, putting people as the center of interest and in quality of life in sustainable manners as ultimate goal. This paper aimed to deliver a study on the trend of SC adopted by two cities: Amsterdam and Jakarta. The study was conducted through literature review. The data were analyzed to compare the concept of SC in each city from different parameters, focusing on the developmentprocess, technological adoption, political and institutional arrangement and implementation. The results show that each city has specif ic strategy to implement SC, based on their economic, social, environment and demographic characteristics. It is also important to underline that the main concept of SC is to attract related stakeholders in taking charge of their roles for the success of SC. Furthermore, both cities has a sharing vision in putting environment as the main framework of the development of SC
Conflict of Palm Oil Companies with Indigenous People and Forest Surrounding Society
Full text linkAbstract: Oil palm was one of profitable industrial crops. Oil palm high demand in industries encouraged new plantation field opening as oil palm plantation by means of forest conversion method. From land acquisition to oil palm plantation management, tenurial conflict often occurs. This article aimed to map some existing researches concerning conflict of palm oil companies with indigenous and surrounding forest community in Indonesia. This article uses systematic review method by using conflict-related keywords as assisting tool in filtering the data in order to acquire matching articles. Conflict of palm oil companies with indigenous people and surrounding forest community was distributed into four types. Type 1 was the conflict related to land acquisition and HGU permit. Type 2 was the conflict related to plasma plantation development and land compensation which would be used for plasma plantation. Type 3 was the conflict related to Broken Promises and Unfulfilled CSR Commitment. Type 4 was the conflict which occurred during plasma plantation management by cooperatives and companies for oil palm production (TBS and CPO).
Keywords: conflict, plantation, palm oil, indigenous people, people surrounding society
Intisari : Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu produk tanaman industri yang menguntungkan. Tingginya permintaan kelapa sawit oleh pasar industri mendorong pembukaan lahan perkebunan baru untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit melalui konversi hutan. Konversi lahan sering terjadi konflik tenurial. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu mengenai konflik antara perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan masyarakat adat/masyarakat sekitar hutan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sistematik review dengan menggunakan kata kunci sebagai alat bantu dalam proses penyaringan untuk mendapatkan artikel yang sesuai. Konflik antara perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan masyarakat adat/masyarakat sekitar hutan dibagi menjadi empat tipe. Tipe 1 adalah konflik terkait akuisisi lahan dan perizinan HGU. Tipe 2 adalah konflik yang terjadi terkait pengembangan perkebunan plasma dan ganti rugi lahan yang akan digunakan untuk perkebunan plasma. Tipe 3 adalah konflik yang terjadi terkait janji yang tidak ditepati dan komitmen dari CSR yang tidak dipenuhi. Tipe 4 adalah konflik yang terjadi dalam pengelolaan kebun plasma oleh koperasi dan perusahaan untuk menghasilkan kelapa sawit (TBS dan CPO).
Kata Kunci: kelapa sawit, konflik, masyarakat adat, masyarakat sekitar hutan perkebuna
Multi-Role Collaboration of Ministries and Institutions in the Implementation of Agrarian Reform in Indonesia
Full text linkAgrarian reform is a homework that will not be completed only with sectoral approach. The real agrarian reform is not just dividing and legalizing the land, but making the land parcels have better access. This study used the collaboration theory of Russell M. Linden. The collaborative approach requires institutions tounderstand the basis of collaboration, create relationships, commitment and support among them built by collaborative leadership models. Agrarian reform must make Indonesian society better. Based on Linden’s qualitative descriptive method, there are several steps that can be adopted so as to make it easier to implement agrarian reform. The support of the governor/regent regulations on the above rules which substantially support the agrarian reform program will accelerate the implementation of the program. In addition, the division of roles and functions in the access corridor of reform requires a concrete conceptual foundation, easy to understand and firm in the form of rules that are accepted by all parties. Furthermore, in order to obtain a comprehensive and effective solution, the roles of ministries / institutions, the private sector, the community, NGOs,academics and mass media summarized in stakeholders need to be built systematically so as to eliminate the complexity of agrarian problems in Indonesia
Design and Development of Integration of Physical and Juridical Data Application in Complete Systematic Land Registration Activities
Full text linkCollection of physical data and juridical data should be carried out together and simultaneously to reduce the potential for errors in identifying land divisions. The incomparable amount between the physical task force and the juridical task force causes the achievement of the juridical task force to be slower compared tothat of the physical task force. The complete systematic land registration target is increasing year by year and the progress of information technology is a potential solution to overcome the problems of physical data and juridical data integration. This study aims to design applications to speed up physical and juridical data connections, test the feasibility of external factors and the quality of use of ISO-9126. The study method used in the application design integration of physical data and juridical data is the research and development method. It was conducted by testing the results of the user evaluation test questionnaire processing on the external factor of feasibility test ISO-9126 and quality in using ISO 9126 to 26 respondents. The results of this study show that the application design has several stages including (1) planning, (2) design, (3) application construction, and (4)application implementation. Integration of physical and juridical data can be done by uploading juridical data into the application. Then, when the physical task force is in the location of the land division and place a coordinate point in the middle of the land division oriented to satellite imagery, the midpoint of the landdivision is then combined with the measured land division. The feasibility test of the application design on the external factors ISO-9126 has a sufficient value, so that the application can continue to be developed. Meanwhile, the ISO-9126 quality in use test value is high
Rural Livelihood Transformations and Land Inequality in Bangka
Full text linkSince the Dutch colonial era, Bangka Belitung Province has been a rich province due to its abundanttin mining resources. However, the limitation of tin availability and the extraordinary environmental degradation caused by mining has changed people’s lives. This study aims to determine the level of land ownership inequality and the factors that influence such inequality. In addition, this study also describes the transformation causes of the livelihoods of the majority of the population in Bangka. This research was conducted through descriptive quantitative analysis, and the data was obtained through a survey of 140 head of households whowork as farmers or work as a farm labourers in Bangka and West Bangka. Analysisof land ownership inequality is done through the Gini index ratio measured using the Lorenz curve. The results of a study conducted on 140 respondents in Bangka and Bangka Barat show that the level of land ownership inequality reaches 0.45. Several things have an effect on the level of inequality. First, most of Bangka regions, almost 3/4 the areas have mining permits. Second, there has been a large-scale expansion of oil palm plantations and a lot of Cultivation Rights Permits/HGU. Third, most of the areas outside the mining and the cultivation rights permits are forest areas. The results of the study also show that the majority of the community shifted from miners to farmers due to limited tin sources and low tin prices. The high level of inequality in land ownership and the shifting of community’s main jobs can certainly affect the economic growth which is getting weaker and widening the inequality
CEPACS dan Penyesuaian Lahan sebagai Mekanisme Land value Capture Pembangunan Aerotropolis Yogyakarta International Airport
Full text link Abstract: Aerotropolis development as an effort to increase activities at the airport in Yogyakarta International Airport also aims to improve the welfare of the people of Kulon Progo Regency. Aerotropolis cannot be built only with funds from the central government; it requires participation from various parties. Utilization of the Land value capture mechanism to make Aerotropolis is one of the efforts that can consider. The purpose of this research is to analize that CEPACs and land readjustment as land value capture mechanism that can use at Yogyakarta International Airport. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. From this study, it can conclude that many instruments can use to fund aerotropolis, but not all tools in Land value capture can utilize. Policies are needed from the central and local governments to implement the right Land value capture instrument. Participation from the private sector and the community is also required so that the funding mechanism can be as planned. Land value capture instruments that can use in the development of Aerotropolis include land readjusment, and CEPACs, with some changes adjusted to the existing conditions
Keywords: Aerotropolis, Funding, Land value capture
Intisari: Pembangunan aerotropolis sebagai upaya peningkatan kegiatan di Bandara Yogyakarta International Airport juga bertujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Aerotropolis tidak memungkinkan dibangun hanya dengan dana dari pemerintah pusat, diperlukan partisipasi dari berbagai pihak. Pemanfaatan mekanisme land value capture untuk membangun aerotropolis menjadi salah satu upaya yang dapat dipertimbangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis CEPACs dan penyesuaian lahan sebagai mekanisme land value capture yang dapat digunakan di Bandara Yogyakarta International Airport. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa banyak instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk pembiayaan aerotropolis, tetapi tidak semua intrumen dalam land value capture dapat dimanfaatkan. Diperlukan kebijakan dari pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah untuk dapat menerapkan instrumen land value capture yang tepat. Selain itu diperlukan partisipasi dari pihak swasta dan juga masyarakat agar mekanisme pembiayaan ini dapat sesuai seperti yang direncanakan. Instrumen land value capture yang dapat digunakan dalam pembangunan aerotropolis antara lain konsolidasi tanah, dan CEPACs, dengan beberapa perubahan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi yang ada.
Kata Kunci: Aerotropolis, Pembiayaan, Land value captur