BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
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REFORMA AGRARIA: MOMENTUM KEADILAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN
Get PDFAt least there were two types of political events at the time of the implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia,in both the process and practice. However, both events were not adequately used. As a result, the justice and welfare for poorIndonesian farmers were not yet fulfilled. The opportunity should be gained in order to implement the agrarian reform by theauthoritative actor assisted by an institution various social sheltering social forces.Key words: agrarian reform, political momentum, agrarian justic
Pola Adaptasi Ekologi Budaya Tiga Komunitas di Jambi
Get PDFAbstract: Pattern of cultural ecological adaptation of the three group of society in Jambi is considered diverse. The background of this study is the occurrence of traditional cultifation practice, known as shifting cultivation, in Jambi. The first purpose of this study is to analyze pattern of adaptation of Talang Mamak, Malay and Javanese community by the existence of industrial economy of rubber plantation. Secondly, this study aims to analyze economic stability in livelihood system of the three community groups. This research use qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection technique use in-depth interview, observation and survey of livelihood system. The results show that adaptation of cultural ecology of Talang Mamak and Java , even though based on forest ecosystem, but Talang Mamak shows the pattern of hunting and gathering. On the other hand, migrants from Java worked in the forest as loggers. The differences of adaptation method from each community show the process to achieve different stability of livelihood. Livelihood stability of Malay migrants is better than the other two, shown by incomes and degree of resilience that considered as better than the other groups. This condition caused by the adaptability of the households to the environment is higher, specifically on the range of available jobsAbstrak: Pola adaptasi ekologi budaya ketiga komunitas menunjukkan keragaman dalam proses pencarian penghidupan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya budidaya tanam pertanian tradisional atau pertanian ladang berpindah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Pertama, untuk menganalisis pola adaptasi komunitas Talang Mamak, komunitas Melayu dan Pendatang Jawa terhadap sistem ekonomi industrial perkebunan karet. Kedua, Untuk menganalisis tentang stabilitas ekonomi dalam sistem mata pencaharian tiga komunitas. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan survey tentang sistem penghidupan tiga komunitas. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi ekologi budaya dari Talang Mamak dan Pendatang Jawa sekalipun berbasis pada ekosistem hutan, namun Talang Mamak menunjukkan cara bernafkah hunting and gathering. Di lain pihak, Pendatang Jawa bekerja di hutan sebagai pembalak kayu. Perbedaan cara beradapatasi dari tiap kelompok masyarakat menunjukkan proses menuju kestabilan nafkah yang berbeda. Stabilitas ekonomi rumahtangga Pendatang Melayu dilihat dari struktur pendapatan dan tingkat kelentingannya jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dua kelompok masyarakat yang lain. Hal ini karena daya adaptasi rumah tangga tersebut terhadap lingkungan lebih tinggi terutama dalam ragam pekerjaan yang lebih banyak.
MEMETAKAN KONFLIK DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH BANDARA KOMODO
Get PDFThe research is aimed at describing conflict on the land acquisition of expanding the Komodo Airport at WestManggarai Regency, NTT. The expansion of airport is intended to accommodate the tourist since Komodo was determined to beThe New 7 Wonder of Nature. The increase of tourist place, especially on Sail Komodo program in September 2013. The focus ofexpansion was on three places namely the 300 meter runaway which belonged to Department of Transportation. The west part ofthe airport that is Binongko Hill and Batu Hill. At the last two areas, the expansion was done by eliminating the people’s land. Thisresulted protests from the society as they do not get any financial return. Using the qualitative and critical approaches, the studywas able to show the map of conflict location between the regional government and the society. At the Binongko and Batu Hillareas, the conflict took place as people did not set any financial return.Keywords: land acquisitions of Komodo airport, conflict, compensatio
PENGATURAN ZONING SEBAGAI PENGENDALI PEMANFAATAN RUANG (Studi Kasus Kawasan Preservasi Budaya Kotagede)
Get PDFAbstract: The development of a historic and aesthetic region such as Kotagede need controlling and managing in order not todegrade its regional image. One of the efforts to maintain the region is that planning the conservation of old bulidings in theform of blocks or zoning. The method used in plaaning the zone is called evaluative method. The result of the evaluation willbe the base of directing the development at Kotagede. Therefore, the space utilization and land use would be optimal. This willsuit with the the function of sustainable environment. The result of the research showed that Kotagede has undergone changesso that it replaces the originality of Kotagede. The formulated concept was blocks which include land use, land parcels, buildinginfrastructures, environments, as well as the elements supporting the buildings.Keywords: spatial planning, blocks, building constructions, preservation, KotagedeAbstrak: Perkembangan kawasan yang bernilai historis dan estetis seperti Kawasan Kotagede perlu dikontrol dan dikendalikanagar tidak menurunkan citra kawasan. Salah satu upaya mempertahankan kawasan adalah rencana penataan pengaturan konservasibangunan kuno yangdituangkan dalam bentuk penataan blok atau zoning.Metode yang digunakan dalam perencanaan adalahmetode evaluatif. Hasil dari evaluasi menjadi dasar untuk melakukan arahan bagi pengembangan di Kotagede, sehingga pemanfaatanruang dan penggunaan tanah dapat dioptimalkan sesuai dengan fungsi kawasan dan keberlanjutan lingkungan.Hasil dari penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa Kotagede telah mengalami banyak perubahan yang mengakibatkan pudarnya karakter asli Kotagede. Konsepyang dirumuskan meliputi blok yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan tanah, perpetakan tanah, infrastruktur bangunan dan lingkungan,dan unsur penunjang bangunan.Kata kunci: perencanaan tata ruang, blok, bangunan, preservasi, Kotaged
SUKU ANAK DALAM BATIN 9 DAN KONFLIK SERIBU HEKTAR LAHAN SAWIT ASIATIC PERSADA
Get PDFThis paper seeks to explore the case of conflict within palm oil plantation-local people partnership involving SADBatin 9 group with palm oil company. Bungku village was the site chosen to take this issue comprehensively.The expansionofpalm oil plantationshave led totheloss ofliving territoryto developtheir social system. Conflictsarisenot onlyverticalbutalsohorizontal. Amongst the Inner SAD 9 itself, each fighting for its sovereignty emerged. SAD groups which were impoverishedby imbalanced control structure eventually have to deal with a part of their own group which slowly became part of the newruling capital group. The palm oil skipper that came from a group of local residents as well as newcomers were the form of theemerging plantation power. In the context of adverse incorporation, they were part of the group that get benefit from thepresence of palm oil plantation. Involvement or integration of this group in the oil business scheme has allowed them toaccumulate new capital sources. This group could accumulate greater profits from palm-oil they collect from small farmers.Key words: Suku Anak Dalam, palm oil, conflict, partnershi
Peluruhan Kelembagaan Pertanian di Wilayah Periphery Perkotaan
Get PDFAbstract: Generally, this paper describe the disintegration of agricultural institution in urban periphery area in Kabupaten Bogor, as a result of the increasing of conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural area. The study was implemented in Desa Babakan, which characterized by the existence of changing of farmlands. The method used was mixmethod, by combining quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative and qualitative data collections were conducted simultaneously, and then being analyzed as qualitative sing NVivo and quantitative using Spearman Rank correlation using SPSS. The result shows that shifting land use in Desa Babakan influenced by internal and external factors. Moreover, the change of land use affected on the disintegration of agricultural institutions, that statistically shown by the correlation between land use change and agricultural institutions in the area. Intisari: Tulisan ini secara umum hendak memaparkan terjadinya peluruhan kelembagaan pertanian di wilayah periphery perkotaan, tepatnya di Kabupaten Bogor sebagai dampak dari meningkatnya alih fungsi lahan pertanian ke non-pertanian. Studi ini dilakukan di Desa Babakan, yang memiliki karakteristik persawahan yang sedang berubah. Metode yang digunakan adalah mixmethod, dengan menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan didukung metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif dilakukan secara simultan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan dengan NVivo dan analisis kuantitatif korelasi Spearman Rank dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa alih fungsi lahan di Desa Babakan dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal. Selanjutnya, perubahan yang terjadi pada lahan telah berdampak pada peluruhan kelembagaan pertanian yang secara statistik juga ditunjukkan dengan adanya korelasi antara antara perubahan lahan dengan kelembagaan pertanian di desa tersebut.
Pengantar Redaksi
Get PDFPada edisi kali ini, Jurnal Bhumi menghadirkan 8 (delapan) artikel terpilih. Artikel pertama adalah karangan Noer Fauzi Rachman (2018) yang menyediakan debat teori pembangunan dan perluasan kapitalisme, termasuk di dalamnya melalui kebijakan desentralisasi/otonomi daerah dan efeknya. Telaah teori ini bermanfaat di dalam memahami hubungan antara pemisahan ruang, tanah, tenaga kerja, dan reproduksi kapital
Konflik Tanah Surat Ijo di Surabaya (Sebuah Perspektif Teoretik-Resolutif)
Get PDFAbstract : The control/ownership of land in Surabaya is marked by the unique phenomenon of surat ijo ; many residents in the municipalities life on state land. Entering Reform Ere (1999), most of the occupants were no longer abide to the existing regulations. Furthermore, solidarity within community of “tanah surat ijo” arises, and has led them to establish their own mass organization and fight for hak milik (HM, land ownership rights) over the land they occupy. It is thus unsurprising that conflict of interest has occurred between the two. Various efforts to resolve this conflict have been undertaken, including mediation and a civil suit, but these have been unsuccessful to date. Similarly, the enactment of Peraturan Daerah No. 16 Tahun 2014 (Surabaya Municipal By law No. 16 of 2014) was unable to resolve the conflict. This paper attempts to understand and explain the context of land control, ownership, and conflict over “tanah surat ijo” in Surabaya. As conclusion, that the system of “tanah surat ijo” -is a transformation of the colonial land rent system-has affected all aspects (be they social, economic political, cultural, or psychological) of its residents lives. Besides that, to promote conflict resolution, there must be a transformation in “tanah surat ijo” system; this requires the involvement, cooperation, and coordination between relevant ministries. Keywords : surat ijo, state land, resolution, conflict, SurabayaIntisari : Penguasaan/pemilikan tanah di Surabaya ditandai fenomena unik tanah surat ijo, yakni permukiman sebagian warga kota di atas tanah negara. Memasuki era Reformasi (1999) sebagian besar warga penghuni tidak lagi patuh pada peraturan yang berlaku. Bahkan, timbul solidaritas komunitas warga pemukim tanah surat ijo yang kemudian membentuk organisasi massa melakukan upaya untuk memperoleh hak milik atas tanahnya. Tak pelak, terjadilah konflik sosial antara keduanya. Berbagai upaya resolusi telah dilakukan mulai mediasi hingga di meja peradilan tertinggi belum bisa menyelesaikan. Demikian pula, pemberlakuan Peraturan Daerah No. 16 Tahun 2014 tentang pelepasan asset pun belum dapat mewujudkan resolusi konflik. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk memahami dan menjelaskan konteks penguasaan, kepemilikan, dan konflik atas tanah surat ijo di Surabaya. Sebagai simpulan, keberadaan tanah surat ijo –sebagai jelmaan sistem sewa tanah pada era kolonialtelah menimbulkan dampak di semua segi kehidupan warga penghuni, mulai aspek sosial, ekonomi, politik, hingga budaya/ psikologi. Selain itu, di dalam kerangka upaya mencapai resolusi konflik diperlukan perubahan system tanah surat ijo, untuk itu perlu keterlibatan, kerjasama, dan koordinasi antara beberapa kementerian yang terkait. Kata Kunci: surat ijo , tanah negara, resolusi, konflik, Surabay
MANUSIA DAN TANAH: KEHILANGAN DAN KOMPENSASI DALAM KASUS LAPINDO
Get PDFAbstract: The paper is trying to discuss on how land forms social relation and what happens when the relation is forced to beended. Two types of social relationship will be discussed. They are human-human and human-land relationship. The tworelations are getting more sophisticated due to the lost of land. Based on Lapindo case, the discussion on how the compensationis given to those undergoing the lost of land. This causes a new problem. There is a unique relation between man and hisland- that is not only the relation on economic value but also on cultural value. This paper, later on, is offering the agrarianreflective thinking on the lost of land and its compensation.Keywords: land, compensation, lost, sense of belongs, Lapindo caseAbstrak: Artikel ini membahas bagaimana tanah membentuk relasi sosial dan apa yang terjadi bila relasi itu diputus paksa. Artikelini mengangkat dua jenis relasi sosial, yaitu relasi antar-aktor manusia dan antara manusia dengan tanah. Kedua relasi tersebutsemakin kompleks seiring dengan hilangnya tanah secara paksa. Berangkat dari kasus Lapindo, artikel ini mendiskusikan bagaimana“kompensasi” yang diterapkan untuk mengganti “kehilangan” yang dialami manusia justru memunculkan permasalahan baru.Argumen yang diangkat sangat umum, bahwa relasi manusia dengan tanahnya sangat unik karena pada tanah manusia tidakhanya melekatkan nilai ekonomi tapi juga nilai sosial dan budaya. Dengan demikian, artikel ini hendak menawarkan bahan refleksibagi studi agraria untuk memikirkan kembali tentang konsep “kehilangan” dan “kompensasi” atas tanah.Kata kunci: tanah, kompensasi, kehilangan, rasa memiliki, kasus Lapind
Pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKM) di Desa Bukit Indah, Bulukumba: Batasan dan Kemungkinan
Get PDFAbstract : This paper describes the policy of the implementation of Community-Based Forest Management program (CBFM) in Bulukumba district. CBFM Program consists of policies regarding Forest Villages, Community Forests and Community Plantation Forests. In these schemes, CBFM concept is applied in different region and different case. Research location for this paper is in Bulukumba, the location of the implementation of Community Forest to some Forest Farmers Group. The results found that CBFM scheme, which is the process of power transfer, devolution of forest resources to local users, has its own limitations and possibilities. The program was running well within the context of improvement of tenure security of forest communities, but on the other hand, this scheme does not have the authority to reform the structure of forest land tenure that has already crippled and been confirmed by this CBFM scheme. Keywords : Community Base Forest Management, Comunity Forest, DevolutionIntisari : Tulisan ini ingin menggambarkan kebijakan pelaksanaan program Community Base Forest Manajement (CBFM) dalam pengelolaan hutan di kabupaten Bulukumba. Program CBFM ini terdiri dari kebijakan mengenai Hutan desa, Hutan Kemasyarakatan dan Hutan Tanaman Rakyat. Dalam skema-skema inilah konsep CBFM ini diaplikasikan di masing-masing wilayah dan case yang berbeda-beda. Lokasi penelitian untuk tulisan ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Bulukumba, lokasi penerapan Hutan Kemasyarakatan kepada beberapa Kelompok Tani Hutan. Hasil penelusuran yang dilakukan menemukan bahwa skema CBFM, yang merupakan proses transfer kekuasaan, devolusi sumberdaya hutan kepada pengguna lokal, memiliki keterbatasan dan kemungkinannya sendiri. Program ini baik dalam konteks perbaikan tenurial security masyarakat pengelola hutan, tetapi disisi yang lain skema ini tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan perombakan struktur penguasaan lahan hutan yang sudah timpang dan dikukuhkan oleh skema CBFM ini. Kata Kunci : Community Base Forest Management, Hutan Kemasyarakatan, Devolus