BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
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ANATOMI KONSEP PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK AGRARIA: STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA RANAH KEBIJAKAN DAN RANAH PERJUANGAN AGRARIA
Get PDFThis article is a conceptual idea of the comparison between a research finding and reality in the community relatedto the agrarian conflict resolution. The study is entitled Resolution Policy on Contemporary Agrarian Conflict, which is one of thesystematic studies carried out by STPN in 2012; while the aforementioned reality in the society is gathered from records of thedynamics of agrarian conflict and struggle in several areas collected by Forum Komunikasi Masyarakat Agraris (FKMA), which arepublished by FKMA and other official media. By exploring and comparing the conceptual ideas of the two written sources, thisarticle is intended to map out the approaches and models of agrarian conflict resolution, especially according to the perceptionsand interests of the three actors of agrarian political economy, namely the state, market and society.Keywords: agrarian resources, conflict, conflict resolutio
Meninjau Kembali Teorisasi Mengenal Desentralisasi, Community Driven Delevopment, dan Kapitalisasi Agraria
Get PDFAbstract: The article shows a theoretical debate on the consequence of decentralization policy and Community Driven Development (CDD) especially in relation to the way capitalism develop. The decentralization policy reshapes local government bureaucracy more responsive and accountable toward people’s needs, and the CDD facilitate rural and urban communities to manage collectively efforts to eradicating their poverty condition. Both are promoted by neo-institutionalist thinking in the World Bank and Civil Society within the same interlocking direction. Furthermore, I explicate critiques toward theory and practice of decentralization policy and CDD, launched by Vedi Hadiz, Toby Carroll, Tania Li, and Frederich Rawski. I connect those with the theorization of the ways capitalism develop as articulated by Paul Cammack, Michael Perelman, Massimo de Angelis and David Harvey. I argue that the presence of space of struggle, contestation and negotiation open the possibility for multiple forces to participate, or refuse to participate, to reshape the practice of decentralization and CDD, and furthermore the forces dialectically are reshaped because of their struggle, contestation and negotiation.Intisari: Artikel ini mengemukakan debat teori dari konsekuensi kebijakan desentralasi dan Pembangunan Berbasis Masyarakat (CDD) terutama dalam hubungannya dengan bagaimana kapitalisme berkembang. Kebijakan desentralisasi telah membentuk pemerintah lokal menjadi lebih responsif dan akuntabel terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat, dan CDD telah memfasilitasi komunitas perkotaan maupun perdesaan untuk secara kolektif berusaha mengatasi kondisi kemiskinannya. Selanjutnya, penulis mengutarakan kritik terhadap teori dan praktik kebijakan desentralisasi dan CDD, yang dikemukakan oleh Vedi Hadiz, Toby Carroll, Tania Li dan Frederich Rawski. Penulis juga menghubungkan teori tersebut dengan teorisasi tentang bagaimana kapitalisme berkembang seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Paul Cammack, Michael Perelman, Massimo de Angelis dan David Harvey. Penulis berpendapat bahwa keberadaan ruang pertarungan, kontestasi dan negosiasi membuka kemungkinan untuk berbagai kekuatan untuk berpartisipasi, atau menolak untuk berpartisipasi, untuk membentuk kembali praktik desentralisasi dan CDD, dan selanjutnya kekuatan dialektika dibentuk kembali karena usaha, kontestasi dan negosiasi mereka
Dinamika dan Tantangan Penggunaan dan Pemanfaatan Tanah di Wilayah Pulau Kecil
Get PDFAbstract: Small island land resource management has specific characteristic, differ from its main island, due to its geographical characteristic. Moreover, small Island is also vulnerable due to climate changes. Located on Sumenep District, East Java, Masalembu is one of the example of inhabited small island in Indonesia, represent the dynamic and land use management in small island area. This research use DPSIR (drivers, pressures, states, impacts, and responses) method to capture those dynamics. The results show that thedynamics of land use and utilization in Masalembu are described as follow: (i) land use and utilization activities are highly influenced by economic growth, climate change due to the fluctuation of marine products, and population growth; (ii) climate change, together with exploitation of marine resources,resulting the decrease of marine products, thus drive the population to start and to cultivate the land for improving their income. In the long run, land products from agriculture and farming sectors become competitive commodities beside fisheries; (iii) the absence of zonation, strategic, and action plans on landuse and utilization control giving the consequences of unstructured, unplanned, and unsustainable land use and utilizationIntisari: Pengelolaan sumberdaya tanah di pulau kecil memiliki ciri khusus yang berbeda dengan pulau induk, terkait karakteristik geografisnya. Selain itu, pulau kecil juga memiliki kerentanan terhadap fenomena perubahan iklim. Masalembu, merupakan salah satu contoh dari ribuan pulau kecil berpenghuni di Indonesia yang dapat mewakili gambaran dinamika pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan lahan di wilayah pulau kecil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode DPSIR (drivers, pressures, states, impacts, dan responses) untuk menangkap gambaran dinamika tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika penggunaan dan pemanfaatan lahan di Pulau Masalembu dapat dilihat sebagai berikut: (i) aktivitas penduduk atas tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi, perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan pasang surutnya hasil perikanan laut, dan pertumbuhan penduduk baik yang terjadi karena kelahiran maupun migrasi; (ii)perubahan iklim serta eksploitasi sumberdaya laut yang berlebihan sehingga tidak dapat lagi memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat, menjadi faktor pendorong masyarakat untuk mulai memanfaatkan tanah sebagai alternatif penghasilan, yang kemudian beralih menjadi komoditas unggulan, serta (iii) tidak adanya rencana zonasi dan rencana strategis penggunaan dan pemanfaatan tanah membuat pola-pola penggunaan dan pemanfaatannya menjadi tidak terstruktur dan terencana, serta tidak memenuhi prinsip sustainability
“MENJARAH” PULAU GAMBUT: KONFLIK DAN KETEGANGAN DI PULAU PADANG
Get PDFThe article was saimed at describing the conflicts between the community, peasants at Pulau Padang, Meranti Islands Regency, and PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP). The conflict started from the policy of The Minister of Forestry which allowed concession of HTI to RAPP at Pulau Padang. The problem was the permission itself as it took not only the area of farming lands but also the areas of settlement. The other problem was the environment itself. This was a result of RAPP. Various researches showed that Pulau Padang had thick peat. However, the permission for RAPP was to build industries and canals needing a lot of water. This would damage the environment whereas the peat ought to be protected. If tis is done, the serious damage of ecosystem at Pulau Padang will take place
MALAYSIAN INTEGRATED 3D CADASTRE
Get PDFThis paper discusses 3D cadastre in the aspect of property registration i.e. complex building and overlappingproperties on different land use. We also discuss the interoperability of the two systems between the two different agencies.This 3D cadastre registration will serve as a first attempt to develop a more complete Integrated Malaysian 3D Cadastre System.A complex system needs a clear and concise method to show the representation of data, and here we utilize Unified ModelingLanguage (UML) for the data modeling task as it has been considered better technique for such real world data modelinglike cadastre data compared to the traditional entity relationship approach. Besides 3D registration, this paper also discusses 3Dmodeling, 3D geo databasing and 3D visualization. Malaysia could embark on this 3D cadastre system since it has wellestablished 2D cadastre framework. From the previous research and discussion it can be realized that the hybrid approachcertainly would be a good approach for Malaysian 3D Cadastre System. The hybrid approach means preservation of 2D cadastreand the integration of the registration of the situation in 3D by registering 3D situations integrated and being part of the 2Dcadastral geographical data set.Keywords: 3D Cadastre, 3D Databas
Akuisisi Tanah-Tanah Rakyat: Problem HGU PT. BMS DI Rejang Lebong Dan Jalan Penyelesaiannya
Get PDFAbstract : In 1988, PT. BMS Acquired Cultivation Rights Title (CRT/HGU) for 6.925 acres in Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. The land acquisition process after CRT has been given through land relinquishment, however PT. BMS only able to relinquish people’s land for 2.046 acres. This condition caused uncertainty of land rights upon community. Later on, the condition caused overlapping of land ownership and authorization of PT. BMS CRT, ended by the reclaiming and cancellation upon the land right. Formal legal perspective and descriptive analytic study describe several issues related to the constraints of the right and status of land for the farmers. This study found some fundamental issues, first related to objects of CRT as state land. Legally, it was considered flawed because the company only released less than half of the rights, triggering reclaimings by the residents who assumed that it was their land. Therefore, the state should seek ways to strengthen the rights of peasants with the scheme of redistribution or the reinforcement of the right to avoid land right conflicts. This review offers main alternative policy solution scheme: Redistribution, the granting of a Right License, or a plasma core plantation scheme. Intisari: Pada tahun 1988, PT BMS memperoleh Hak Guna Usaha seluas 6.925 Ha di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Proses perolehan tanah HGU-nya lewat pembebasan lahan masyarakat, namun PT BMS hanya mampu membebaskan tanah masyarakat 2.046 Ha sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hak atas tanah masyarakat. Kondisi tersebut kemudian mengakibatkan terjadinya tumpang tindih pemilikan dan penguasaan tanah pada areal HGU PT BMS yang berakhir dengan reklaiming dan pembatalan hak atas tanah. Perspektif legal formal dan deskriptif analitis kajian ini menjelaskan beberapa hal terkait kendala kedudukan hak dan status bagi petani penggarap. Kajian ini menemukan beberapa hal mendasar, pertama terkait obyek HGU sebagai tanah negara yang cacat hukum karena perusahaan hanya membebaskan kurang dari separo hak yang diberikan, sehingga menimbulkan gelombang reklaiming oleh warga yang merasa lahan tersebut adalah miliknya. Oleh karena itu, negara semestinya berupaya memberikan penguatan hak bagi petani penggarap dengan skema redis atau penguatan hak untuk menghindari konflik ketidakpastian hak garapannya. Kajian ini menawarkan skema solusi alternatif kebijakan utamanya: Redistribusi, pemberian Surat Izin Hak Garap, atau skema perkebunan inti plasma
MEMBACA KARAKTERISTIK DAN PETA GERAKAN AGRARIA INDONESIA
Get PDFIn the beginning of the 21st century, agrarian movements in Indonesia began to rise and found its identity. The implementationof the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) has taken the dreams of the socialist and populist on their struggle for “a countrygooddeed”. UUPA firmly revised the Colonial Policy in Indonesian agrarian matters. Unfortunately, UUPA was buried by Suharto andreplaced by the Forestry Law 1967 as a way of “new tenuring system” on agrarian resources. Afterward, the New Order conductedcentralization and build bases of inequalities for the mastery of Indonesian agrarian structure. As a result, resistance of farmers,students, NGOs, and other groups emerged with a main issue to fight against the repressive policies of the New Order in theAgricultural field. After 1998, regime changes occurred over the history of the reversal of previous events, reclaiming occurrednearly throughout Indonesia. The character of the movement has changed. Farmers, NGOs, student and Scholar-Activist weredirectly involved in advocacies and movements. History tells that agrarian movements have extended through bureaucracies andpolitics (penetration policy and legislation) and the struggle in the Constitutional Court. This paper described a map of the New-Order-agrarian-regime reform and the reformation of the emerged movement characteristics by depicted some actors on the field.This paper used a comparison approach between movements during the new order regime and post-reformation era.Key words: movement characteristic, struggle, agrarian movement, New Order, Reformation
Potensi Permasalahan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematik Lengkap (PTSL)
Get PDFAbstrak: This paper aims to examine the potential problems of Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) as the government's priority agenda to establish land registration throughout Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research approach by analyzing the legislation related to land registration, especially PP. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration and Ministerial Regulation ATR/Ka. BPN No. 12 of 2017 as amended by Ministerial Regulation No. 6 of 2018. The potential of this problem relates to the issue of tax and income tax payable, human resources, facilities and infrastructure, issues absentee land, maximum excess of land ownership, abandoned land, announcement of physical and juridical data, and problems of application of the principles of contradictoire delimitation. The potential of this problem is described and is given alternative solutions on the implementation of PTSL. Alternative solution is by strengthening the regulation of PTSL in the form of Government Parliament (PP), either by revising PP. 24 of 1997 and by forming a separate PP on PTSL by clarifying the outlined problems.Intisari: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi permasalahan pendaftaran sistematik lengkap (PTSL) sebagai agenda prioritas pemerintah untuk menyelengarakan pendaftaran tanah seluruh Indonesia. Kajian ini mengunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif dengan cara menganalisis peraturan perundangundangan yang berkaitan dengan pendaftaran tanah, khususnya PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah dan Peraturan Menteri ATR/Ka. BPN No. 12 Tahun 2017 sebagaimana diubah dengan Permen No. 6 Tahun 2018. Potensi permasalahan ini berkaitan dengan masalah biaya Pajak PPh dan BPHTB terhutang, sumberdaya manusia, sarana dan prasarana, permasalahan tanah absentee, kelebihan maksimum dan tanah terlantar, masalah pengumuman data fisik dan data yuridis, serta masalah penerapan asas kontradiktur delimitasi. Potensi masalah ini di diskripsikan dan diberikan aternatif solusi dalam pelaksanaan percepatan PTSL. Aternatif solusinya adalah dengan cara memperkuat regulasi PTSL dalam bentuk Paraturan Pemerintah (PP) baik dengan cara merevisi PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 maupun dengan membentuk PP tersendiri mengenai PTSL yang pada pokoknya pengaturan isi-nya salah satunya memperjelas permasalahan-permasalahan yang diuraikan diatas.
Konflik Tanah Bengkok di Pedesaan Jawa Kontemporer
Get PDFIntisari:Tulisan ini membahas proses konflik tanah bengkok di Desa Telukan yang terjadi pada permulaan abad XXI. Masyarakat pedesaan dicitrakan komunitas yang tenang, jauh dari sikap kritis, dan hidup guyub rukun mendadak berubah dengan pecahnya konflik tanah bengkok. Tanah bengkok dipahami warga sebagai kekayaan desa yang harus dijaga dan umumnya berlokasi tidak jauh dari desa. Sengketa agraria ini dipicu oleh rasa ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap pamong desa dan tokoh masyarakat yang melakukan tukar guling tanah kas desa. Sebagian masyarakat merasa ditinggalkan oleh aparatur desa dalam mengambil keputusan penting itu. Akumulasi kekecewaan warga tersalurkan dengan membentuk organisasi Format dan melancarkan aksi demonstrasi yang digelar beberapa kali. Konflik tanah ini menyebabkan kehidupan desa sempat memanas dan masyarakat terbelah dalam beberapa kubu, yaitu mendukung ruislag, menolak, dan netral. Konflik atau ketegangan sosial merembet di ranah politik yang tercermin dalam pemilihan kepala desa dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD). Kelompok yang bersengketa masing-masing mengajukan jagonya demi memenangkan kasus tukar guling. Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik tanah telah berimbas pada kehidupan sosial-politik masyarakat. Abstract: This paper discusses the conflict of tanah bengkok (communal land managed by the village government) in Telukan village in early 21st century. Villagers are depicted as calm and peaceful communities and lack of critical thinking. However, the hamonious life in Telukan village suddenly became a chaos due to the conflict related to tanah bengkok. The people recognize tanah bengkok as a property of the village that needs to be preserved. This land is usually located close to the village. Agrarian dispute was triggered by the lost of trust toward the village leaders and public figures who were supposed to conduct the ruislag of tanah bengkok. Some villagers felt that they were not involved in taking communal decisions by their leaders. The people’s disappoinment triggering them to established an organisation and several demonstrations. The community was divided into several groups: those who support the ruislag, those who refuse, and status quo. This conflict was spread to the political sphere, showed in the election of Kepala Desa (head of village) and Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (Village’s Representative Board). The disputing groups chose their own representatives in order to win the ruislag case. This signifies the evidences that the agrarian dispute impacted on the people’s socio-political lives
PENTINGNYA PETA DESA
Get PDFAbstract: The making of Village Boundary Map is mandated by the Law No 6 0f 2014 on Village. The map of Village Boundaryshould not only present the boundary of the area but should also present the data and information included in the village..Theactivity of listing done by P4T should result a village map.. The implementation of the activity is suggested to change—that isby applying the participatory Mapping Model. There should be a comprehensive understanding of society, the Local Government,together with the ministry of ATR/BPN on a Village map as the map will show not only parcels of lands but also potentialof land as well as problems related to the existence of lands. This will make us aware of the importance of a village map. Themodel will also benefit the ministry of ATR/BPN. One the benefits are that the map presents objects of Agrarian reform of 9million hectares of within 2015- 2019.Keywords: Village map, Participative Mapping.Abstrak: Pembuatan Peta Batas Wilayah Desa merupakan amanat Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. PetaBatas Wilayah Desa seyogyanya tidak hanya menyajikan batas wilayah desatetapi juga menyajikan data dan informasi yang adadalam desa tersebut.Kegiatan inventarisasiP4T merupakan kegiatan pertanahan yang salah satu hasilnya adalah Peta Desa.Pelaksanaan kegiatan inventarisasi P4T kedepan disarankan diubah dengan menerapkan Model Pemetaan Partisipatif. Partisipasimasyarakat, Pemerintah Daerah bersama Kementerian ATR/BPN akan Peta Desa yang komprehensif dan berdayaguna karenamenyajikan batas wilayah desa plus data dan informasi P4T setiap bidang tanah serta kondisi, potensi dan permasalahan yangada dalam desa tersebut.Dengankondisi seperti ini, kita akan menyadari betapa pentingnya Peta Desa. Bagi Kementerian ATR/BPN, model kegiatan seperti ini mempunyai banyak keuntungan. Salah satunya adalah menyediakan potensi obyek ReformaAgraria sebanyak 9 juta hektar sesuai RPJMN Bidang Pertanahan 2015-2019.Kata kunci: Peta Desa, Pemetaan Partisipati